Editing Gay bashing

{{Short description|Violence against and bullying of LGBTQ people}}
{{Redirect|Gay bash|the ''Drawn Together'' episode|Gay Bash (Drawn Together){{!}}Gay Bash (''Drawn Together'')}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Discrimination sidebar}}
{{LGBTQ sidebar}}

'''Gay bashing''' is an attack, [[abuse]], or [[assault]] committed against a person who is perceived by the aggressor to be [[gay]], [[lesbian]], [[bisexual]], [[transgender]] or [[queer]] ([[LGBTQ+]]). It includes both  [[violence against LGBTQ people]] and [[LGBTQ bullying]]. The term covers violence against and bullying of people who are LGBTQ, as well as non-LGBTQ people whom the attacker perceives to be LGBTQ. 

Physical gay bashings sometimes involve extreme violence or murder; the perpetrators’s actions being based on their perceptions or assumptions of the victim's [[sexual orientation]], [[gender identity]], or [[gender expression]].

LGBTQ youth are more likely to report bullying than non-LGBTQ youth, particularly in schools. Victims of LGBTQ bullying may feel unsafe, resulting in depression and anxiety, including increased rates of suicide and attempted suicide. LGBTQ students may try to [[Passing (sexual orientation)|pass]] as heterosexual to escape the bullying, leading to further stress and isolation from available supports. Support organizations exist in many countries to prevent LGBTQ bullying and support victims. Some jurisdictions have passed legislation against LGBTQ bullying and harassment.

== Violence  ==
{{main|Violence against LGBTQ people}}
LGBTQ people frequently experience violence directed toward their [[human sexuality|sexuality]], [[gender identity]], or [[gender expression]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Meyer|first=Doug|title=An Intersectional Analysis of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People's Evaluations of Anti-Queer Violence|journal=Gender & Society|date=December 2012|volume=26|issue=6|pages=849–873|doi=10.1177/0891243212461299|s2cid=145812781}}</ref> This violence may be enacted by the state, as in laws [[LGBTQ rights by country or territory|prescribing punishment]] for homosexual acts, or by individuals. It may be motivated by [[biphobia]], [[gayphobia]], [[homophobia]], [[lesbophobia]], and [[transphobia]]. Influencing factors may be [[Societal attitudes toward homosexuality|cultural]], [[religion and sexual orientation|religious]], or political [[mores]] and biases.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/violence-against-queer-people/9780813573151|title=Violence against Queer People|last=Meyer|first=Doug|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2015|access-date=2017-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515035337/https://www.rutgersuniversitypress.org/violence-against-queer-people/9780813573151/|archive-date=2019-05-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Bullying ==
{{main|LGBTQ bullying}}
Bullying of LGBTQ people, particularly LGBTQ youth, involves intentional actions toward the victim, repeated negative actions by one or more people against another person, and an imbalance of physical or psychological power.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=US Dept of Education |title=Bullying Myths and Facts |access-date=October 2, 2010 |url=http://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/training/bullying/bullying_pg3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325204905/http://www2.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/training/bullying/bullying_pg3.html |archive-date=March 25, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

LGBTQ youth are more likely to report bullying than non-LGBTQ youth.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Berlan, ED |author2=Corliss, HL |author3=Field, AE |title= Sexual Orientation and Bullying Among Adolescents in the Growing Up Today Study |journal= Journal of Adolescent Health |date=April 2010 |volume=46 |pages=366–71 | doi = 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.015 |pmid=20307826 |pmc=2844864 |issue=4|display-authors=etal}}</ref> In one study, boys who were bullied with taunts of being gay suffered more bullying and more negative effects compared with boys who were bullied with other categories of taunting.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Swearer, SM |author2=Turner, RT |author3=Givens, JE |title="You're so gay!": Do different forms of bullying matter for adolescent males? |journal= School Psychology Review |year=2008 |volume=37|issue=2 |pages=160–173 |doi=10.1080/02796015.2008.12087891 |s2cid=6456413 |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=edpsychpapers |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Some researchers suggest including youth questioning their sexuality in any research on LGBTQ bullying because they may be as susceptible to its effects as LGBTQ students.<ref name="Swearer">{{cite journal |last1=Swearer |first1=S. M. |last2=Turner |first2=R. K. |last3=Givens |first3=J. E. |last4=Pollack |first4=W. S. |year=2008 |title=You're So Gay!": Do Different Forms of Bullying Matter for Adolescent Males?. |url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1152&context=edpsychpapers |journal=School Psychology Review |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=160–173 |doi=10.1080/02796015.2008.12087891 |s2cid=6456413|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name="R&J">{{cite journal | last1 = Russell | first1 = S. T. | last2 = Joyner | first2 = K. | year = 2001 | title = Adolescent Sexual Orientation and Suicide Risk: Evidence From a National Study | journal = American Journal of Public Health | volume = 91 | issue = 8| pages = 1276–1281 | doi=10.2105/ajph.91.8.1276 | pmid=11499118 | pmc=1446760}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Williams | first1 = T. | last2 = Connolly | first2 = J. | last3 = Pepler | first3 = D. | last4 = Craig | first4 = W. | year = 2005 | title = Peer Victimization, Social Support, and Psychosocial Adjustment of Sexual Minority Adolescents | url = http://bullylab.com/Portals/0/Peer%20Victimization%2C%20Social%20Support%2C%20and%20Psychosocial%20adjustment%20of%20sexual%20minority%20adolescents.pdf | journal = Journal of Youth and Adolescence | volume = 34 | issue = 5 | pages = 471–482 | doi = 10.1007/s10964-005-7264-x | citeseerx = 10.1.1.459.218 | s2cid = 56253666 | access-date = November 1, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170808104155/http://www.bullylab.com/Portals/0/Peer%20Victimization,%20Social%20Support,%20and%20Psychosocial%20adjustment%20of%20sexual%20minority%20adolescents.pdf | archive-date = August 8, 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|LGBTQ}}

* [[Abuse]]
* [[Anti-LGBT slogans]]
* [[Bash Back!]]
* [[Bullying]]
* [[Corrective rape]]
* [[Cyberbullying]]
* [[Day of Silence]]
* [[Hate crime]]
* [[School bullying]]
* [[Significant acts of violence against LGBT people]]
* [[Trans bashing]]
* [[Online_dating_service#Trust_and_safety_issues|Trust and safety issues in online dating services]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Further reading ==

* Meyer, Doug (2015). Violence against Queer People: Race, Class, Gender, and the Persistence of Anti-LGBT Discrimination. Rutgers University Press.
* {{cite book |title=Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century |last=Boswell |first=John |year=1980 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-06711-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/christianitysoci00john }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Cuordileone |first1=K. A. |year=2000 |title='Politics in an Age of Anxiety': Cold War Political Culture and the Crisis in American Masculinity |journal=Journal of American History |volume=87 |issue=2 |pages=515–45 |doi=10.2307/2568762|jstor=2568762 }}
* {{cite book |last1=D'Emilio |first1=John |editor1-first=Kathy |editor1-last=Peiss |editor2-first=Christina |editor2-last=Simmons |title=Passion and Power: Sexuality in History |year=1989 |publisher=Temple University Press |pages=226–40 |chapter=The Homosexual Menace: The Politics of Sexuality in Cold War America }}
* {{cite book |title=Toward Stonewall: Homosexuality and Society in the Modern Western World |url=https://archive.org/details/towardstonewallh0000edsa |url-access=registration |last=Edsall |first=Nicholas C. |year=2003 |publisher=U. of Virginia Press |isbn=978-0-8139-2543-1 |pages=384 }}
* {{cite book |title=Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America, Second Edition |last1=D'Emilio |first1=John |last2=Freedman |first2=Estelle B. |year=1997 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-14264-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/intimatematter1997demi }}
* {{cite book |title=[[Homophobia: A History]] |last=Fone |first=Byrne |year=2001 |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-42030-7}}
* {{cite book |title=The Gilded Age Construction of Modern American Homophobia |last=Hatheway |first=Jay |year=2003 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-312-23492-8 }}
* {{cite book |title=Handbook of Lesbian and Gay Studies |chapter=Anti-Gay and Lesbian Violence and Its Discontents |last1=Jenness |first1=Valerie |last2=Richman |first2=Kimberly D. |editor1-first=Diane |editor1-last=Richardson |editor2-first=Steven |editor2-last=Seidman |year=2002 |pages=403+}}
* {{cite book |title=Making Hate a Crime: From Social Movement to Law Enforcement |last1=Jenness |first1=Valerie |last2=Grattet |first2=Ryken |year=2001 |publisher=Russell Sage Foundation |isbn=978-0-87154-409-4}}
* {{cite book |title=The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government |last=Johnson |first=David K. |year=2004 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-40190-4}}
* {{cite book |title=Homophobia: Description, Development, and Dynamics of Gay Bashing |last=Kantor |first=Martin |year=1998 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0-275-95530-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/homophobiadescri00kant }}
* {{cite book |title=Departing from Deviance: A History of Homosexual Rights and Emancipatory Science in America |last=Minton |first=Henry L. |year=2002 |publisher=U. of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-53044-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint/page/344 344] |url=https://archive.org/details/departingfromdev0000mint/page/344 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Padva | first1 = Gilad | year = 2007 | title = Media and Popular Culture Representations of LGBT Bullying | journal = Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services | volume = 19 | issue = 3–4| pages = 105–118 | doi=10.1080/10538720802161615| s2cid = 145065140 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Velvet Rage, Overcoming the Pain of Growing Up Gay in a Straight Man's World |last=Downs |first=Alan |year=2005 |publisher=Da Capo Press}}

{{abuse}}
{{LGBTQ|social=expanded}}
{{Discrimination}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gay Bashing}}

[[Category:Violence against LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:LGBTQ and society]]
[[Category:Sex- and gender-related slurs]]
[[Category:Persecution of LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Abuse]]
[[Category:LGBTQ terminology]]
[[Category:Persecution]]
[[Category:Harassment and bullying]]