Editing Gaydar

{{short description|Colloquialism for intuitively assessing people's sexual orientation}}
{{other uses}}
[[File:"I Have Awesome Gaydar" (29136703338).jpg|thumb|234x234px|2018 pride parade attendee, wearing a shirt reading "I Have Awesome Gaydar."]]
[[File:Man with Pac-Man T-Shirt at 2011 NYC Gay Pride Parade.jpg|thumb|A 2011 attendee of [[NYC Pride March|NYC Pride]], dressed in fashion that may indicate connection to the [[LGBT community|queer community]]]]
'''Gaydar''' (a [[portmanteau]] of ''[[gay]]'' and ''[[radar]]'') is a [[colloquialism]] referring to the intuitive ability of a person to assess others' [[sexual orientation]]s as [[homosexuality|homosexual]], [[bisexual]] or [[Heterosexuality|straight]]. Gaydar relies on verbal and [[Nonverbal communication|nonverbal]] clues and [[LGBT stereotypes]], including a sensitivity to social behaviors and mannerisms like  [[body language]], the tone of voice used by a person when speaking, overt rejections of traditional [[gender role]]s, a person's occupation, and grooming habits.

Similarly, '''transdar''' (a term in use since at least [[wiktionary:transdar|1996]]) refers to the ability for trans people to recognize trans people who [[Passing (gender)|pass]] well, by subtle cues such as "the size of the hands and wrists".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Friedman |first=Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9No6G7-1wb0C&dq=transdar&pg=PA59 |title=Blind to Sameness: Sexpectations and the Social Construction of Male and Female Bodies |date=2013-07-15 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-02377-9 |language=en}}</ref>

However, the assumption of sexual orientation by outward appearance or behavior has been challenged by situations in which [[masculine]] [[gay men]] do not act in a stereotypically gay fashion, or in which [[metrosexual]] men (regardless of sexuality) exhibit a lifestyle, spending habits, and concern for personal appearance stereotypical of fashionable urban gay men.<ref name="Metrosexual, Logophilia">{{cite web
|last=McFedries
|first=Paul
|title=Metrosexual
|publisher=Logophilia Limited
|date=12 December 2003
|url=http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|access-date=2007-12-17
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222153750/http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|archive-date=22 December 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="Here Come The Mirror Men">{{cite web
|last=Simpson
|first=Mark
|title=Here Come The Mirror Men
|work=The Independent
|date=15 November 1994
|url=http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|access-date=2007-12-17
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222153750/http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|archive-date=22 December 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="Meet The Metrosexual">{{cite web
|last=Simpson
|first=Mark
|title=Meet The Metrosexual
|work=Salon.com
|date=22 July 2002
|url=http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|access-date=2007-12-17
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222153750/http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|archive-date=22 December 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="Vanity, Thy Name Is Metrosexual">{{cite news
|last=Hackbarth
|first=Alexa
|title=Vanity, Thy Name Is Metrosexual
|newspaper=The Washington Post
|date=17 November 2003
|url=http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|access-date=2007-12-17
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222153750/http://www.wordspy.com/words/metrosexual.asp
|archive-date=22 December 2007
|url-status=dead
}}</ref> For women, a [[tomboy]] might be mistaken for being [[Butch and femme|butch]], or a [[lesbian]] might act and appear in traditionally [[feminine]] ways.

Since at least 2015, media outlets such as Australia's [[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] have called the gaydar "damaging" and possibly "dangerous" due to its perpetuation of harmful stereotypes, its potential to lead to harassment, and its potential to dissuade people from [[Coming out|coming out of the closet]] on their own terms.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-08 |title=Put your gaydar down and stop trying to work out people's sexuality |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-08/shaw-put-your-gaydar-down/6758912 |access-date=2024-07-26 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-07 |title=Your 'gaydar' is way off because it isn't real: study |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-08/your-gaydar-is-way-off-because-it-is-not-real-study-finds/6756892 |access-date=2024-07-26 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-23 |title=Is he? Isn't he? Speculation over celebrities' sexuality could come at a cost. |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/nbc-out/out-life-and-style/gaydar-wishdar-danger-obsessing-shawn-mendes-sexuality-rcna6165 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> ''Gayety'' argues that the only way to assess a person's sexuality is based on their open identification and whom they are dating.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Gayety |date=2022-11-19 |title=How To Tell If Someone Is Gay: Dispelling Myths & Outdated Stereotypes |url=https://gayety.co/how-to-tell-if-someone-is-gay-dispelling-myths-outdated-stereotypes |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Gayety |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Scientific research ==

In 1987, a ''Journal of Homosexuality'' study<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=3611750 |year=1987 |last1=Berger |first1=G |last2=Hank |first2=L |last3=Rauzi |first3=T |last4=Simkins |first4=L |title=Detection of sexual orientation by heterosexuals and homosexuals |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=83–100 |doi=10.1300/J082v13n04_05 |journal=Journal of Homosexuality}}</ref> asked people to judge sexual orientation from video clips, with results concluding that it was a myth. 

A 1999 study in the ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'' showed that people could judge sexual orientation more accurately than chance.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=10510507 |year=1999 |last1=Ambady |first1=N |last2=Hallahan |first2=M |last3=Conner |first3=B |title=Accuracy of judgments of sexual orientation from thin slices of behavior |volume=77 |issue=3 |pages=538–47 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.538}}</ref> This study asked people to indicate their sexual orientation using the [[Kinsey scale]] and then had others view very brief silent clips of the people talking using [[thin-slicing]]. The viewers rated their sexual orientations on the same scale and the researchers found a significant correlation between where the people said they were on the scale and where they were perceived to be on the scale. Studies in 2008 and 2010 have repeated this finding<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=18810629 |year=2010 |last1=Rieger |first1=G |last2=Linsenmeier |first2=JA |last3=Gygax |first3=L |last4=Garcia |first4=S |last5=Bailey |first5=JM |title=Dissecting "gaydar": Accuracy and the role of masculinity-femininity |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=124–40 |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9405-2 |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|s2cid=7106372 }}</ref> and have even shown that home videos of children can be used to judge accurately their sexual orientation later in life.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=18194004 |year=2008 |last1=Rieger |first1=G |last2=Linsenmeier |first2=JA |last3=Gygax |first3=L |last4=Bailey |first4=JM |title=Sexual orientation and childhood gender nonconformity: Evidence from home videos |volume=44 |issue=1 |pages=46–58 |doi=10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.46 |journal=Developmental Psychology|s2cid=41662483 }}</ref>

Later studies found that gaydar was also accurate at rates greater than chance for judgments just from the face. Study participants use gendered facial cues and stereotypes of gay people to make their judgments, but reliably misjudge sexual orientation for people countering stereotypes.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=20682754 |year=2010 |last1=Rule |first1=NO |title=Sexual orientation perception involves gendered facial cues |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=1318–31 |journal=Pers Soc Psychol Bull |doi=10.1177/0146167210378755|hdl=1807/33147 |s2cid=14964334 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> The ethnicity, and nationality of neither the person making the judgment nor the person they are judging seems to make a difference when making judgments from faces.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=22128555 |year=2011 |last1=Rule |first1=NO |title=The influence of target and perceiver race in the categorisation of male sexual orientation |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=830–9 |journal=Perception |doi=10.1068/p7001|hdl=1807/33198 |s2cid=23790518 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=21483863 |year=2011 |last1=Johnson |first1=KL |last2=Ghavami |first2=N |title=At the crossroads of conspicuous and concealable: What race categories communicate about sexual orientation |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=e18025 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0018025 |pmc=3069043 |journal=PLOS ONE |bibcode=2011PLoSO...618025J |editor1-last=Gilbert |editor1-first=Sam|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=21807952 |year=2011 |last1=Rule |first1=NO |last2=Ishii |first2=K |last3=Ambady |first3=N |last4=Rosen |first4=KS |last5=Hallett |first5=KC |title=Found in translation: Cross-cultural consensus in the accurate categorization of male sexual orientation |volume=37 |issue=11 |pages=1499–507 |doi=10.1177/0146167211415630 |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin|s2cid=3847105 }}</ref> Even individual facial features (just the eyes) can sometimes give enough information to tell whether a man or woman is gay, straight, or lesbian.<ref name="Pmid">{{cite journal |pmid=18954191 |year=2008 |last1=Rule |first1=NO |last2=Ambady |first2=N |last3=Adams |first3=RB |last4=MacRae |first4=CN |title=Accuracy and awareness in the perception and categorization of male sexual orientation |volume=95 |issue=5 |pages=1019–28 |doi=10.1037/a0013194 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|citeseerx=10.1.1.418.9273 }}</ref><ref name="Doijesp">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jesp.2009.07.010 |title=Female sexual orientation is perceived accurately, rapidly, and automatically from the face and its features |year=2009 |last1=Rule |first1=Nicholas O. |last2=Ambady |first2=Nalini |last3=Hallett |first3=Katherine C. |journal=Journal of Experimental Social Psychology |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=1245–1251|hdl=1807/33133 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> One study showed that judgments of men's<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jesp.2007.12.001 |title=Brief exposures: Male sexual orientation is accurately perceived at 50ms |year=2008 |last1=Rule |first1=Nicholas O. |last2=Ambady |first2=Nalini |journal=Journal of Experimental Social Psychology |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=1100–1105|hdl=1807/33129 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and women's<ref name="Doijesp" /> faces for about 1/25 of a second was enough time to tell whether they were gay, straight, or lesbian. People's judgments were no more accurate when they had more time to make their judgments. Follow-up work to this suggested that gaydar happens automatically when someone sees another person and that seeing someone’s face automatically activates stereotypes about gays and straights.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=19399971 |year=2009 |last1=Rule |first1=NO |last2=MacRae |first2=CN |last3=Ambady |first3=N |title=Ambiguous group membership is extracted automatically from faces |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=441–3 |journal=Psychological Science |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02314.x|citeseerx=10.1.1.418.7386 |s2cid=16461512 }}</ref> People seem not to know that they have gaydar, though.<ref name="Pmid" /> Gay men have more accurate gaydar than straight men,<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17972734 |year=2007 |last1=Rule |first1=NO |last2=Ambady |first2=N |last3=Adams Jr |first3=RB |last4=MacRae |first4=CN |title=Us and them: Memory advantages in perceptually ambiguous groups |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=687–92 |journal=Psychonomic Bulletin & Review |doi=10.3758/bf03196822|doi-access=free |hdl=1807/33124 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and women have more accurate gaydar when they are ovulating.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=21670428 |year=2011 |last1=Rule |first1=NO |last2=Rosen |first2=KS |last3=Slepian |first3=ML |last4=Ambady |first4=N |title=Mating interest improves women's accuracy in judging male sexual orientation |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=881–6 |doi=10.1177/0956797611412394 |journal=Psychological Science|hdl=1807/33191 |s2cid=3791324 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> One study hypothesized that this might be because homosexual people are more attentive to detail than heterosexual people are, apparently as an adopted perceptual style aiding in the recognition of other homosexual people.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=21607070 |year=2010 |last1=Colzato |first1=LS |last2=Van Hooidonk |first2=L |last3=Van Den Wildenberg |first3=WP |last4=Harinck |first4=F |last5=Hommel |first5=B |title=Sexual orientation biases attentional control: A possible gaydar mechanism |volume=1 |pages=13 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00013 |pmc=3095381 |journal=Frontiers in Psychology|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Other studies have found that men and women with body shapes and walking styles similar to people of the opposite sex are more often perceived as gay.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

A study by [[UCLA]] assistant professor Kerri Johnson found that observers were able to accurately guess the sexual orientation of men 60 percent of the time, slightly better than would be achieved by random chance; with women, their guesses didn't exceed chance.<ref name="kl" /> Gender-specific body movements are not reliably associated with a person's sexual orientation;<ref name="kl">{{cite journal |pmid=17723051 |year=2007 |last1=Johnson |first1=KL |last2=Gill |first2=S |last3=Reichman |first3=V |last4=Tassinary |first4=LG |s2cid=14992542 |title=Swagger, sway, and sexuality: Judging sexual orientation from body motion and morphology |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=321–34 |doi=10.1037/0022-3514.93.3.321 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}}</ref> this is true of face shape,<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=20682754 |year=2010 |last1=Freeman |first1=JB |last2=Johnson |first2=KL |last3=Ambady |first3=N |last4=Rule |first4=NO |title=Sexual orientation perception involves gendered facial cues |volume=36 |issue=10 |pages=1318–31 |doi=10.1177/0146167210378755 |journal=Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin|hdl=1807/33147 |s2cid=14964334 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> but surprisingly not for voices,<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00028.x |title=Loose Lips and Silver Tongues, or, Projecting Sexual Orientation Through Speech |year=2007 |last1=Munson |first1=Benjamin |last2=Babel |first2=Molly |journal=Language and Linguistics Compass |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=416–449}}</ref> even though people think they are associated with a person's sexual orientation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10919-011-0123-4 |title=Acting Gay: Male Actors Shift the Frequency Components of Their Voices Towards Female Values when Playing Homosexual Characters |year=2011 |last1=Cartei |first1=Valentina |last2=Reby |first2=David |journal=Journal of Nonverbal Behavior |volume=36 |pages=79–93|s2cid=55699533 }}</ref> A handful of studies have investigated the question of gaydar from the voice.<ref name="Pmid_a">{{cite journal |pmid=9509737 |year=1998 |last1=Linville |first1=SE |title=Acoustic correlates of perceived versus actual sexual orientation in men's speech |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=35–48 |journal=Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica |doi=10.1159/000021447|s2cid=23557815 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1017/S0047404503323024 |title=Male voices and perceived sexual orientation: An experimental and theoretical approach |year=2003 |last1=Smyth |first1=RON |last2=Jacobs |first2=Greg |last3=Rogers |first3=Henry |journal=Language in Society |volume=32 |issue=3|pages=329–350 |s2cid=146631251 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |jstor=455948 |pages=30–57 |last1=Gaudio |first1=R. P. |title=Sounding Gay: Pitch Properties in the Speech of Gay and Straight Men |volume=69 |issue=1 |journal=[[American Speech]] |year=1994 |doi=10.2307/455948}}</ref><ref name="bare_url">{{cite journal |last1=Zimman |first1=Lal |title=Female-to-Male Transsexuals and Gay-Sounding Voices: A Pilot Study |journal=Colorado Research in Linguistics |date=2010 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |doi=10.33011/cril.22.1.3 |doi-access=free}}</ref> They have found that people can tell who is gay and straight from their voices, but have mostly focused on men (sometimes terming the vocal difference "[[gay lisp]]"). Detailed acoustic analyses have highlighted a number of factors in a person's voice<ref name="bare_url" /> that are used, one of which is the way that gay and straight men pronounce "s" sounds.<ref name="Pmid_a" /> [[Acoustic phonetics|Acoustic]] cues have also been shown to contribute to [[Auditory phonetics|perception]] of homosexuality in other languages, including [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (for men)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Geng |first1=Puyang |last2=Gu |first2=Wentao |title=Acoustic and Perceptual Characteristics of Mandarin Speech in Gay and Heterosexual Male Speakers |journal=Language and Speech |date=2022 |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=1096–1109 |doi=10.1177/00238309211000783 |pmid=33740875 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33740875/ |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref> and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (for men and women).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Duarte |first1=Jesus |title=Sociophonetic Differences in Queer Speech of Spanish Speakers |journal=UC Berkeley Undergraduate Thesis |date=2022 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3009g0js |access-date=4 January 2024}}</ref>

Research by [[William T. L. Cox]] and his colleagues proposed that "gaydar" is simply an alternate label for using [[LGBT stereotypes]] to infer orientation (e.g., inferring that fashionable men are gay).<ref name="Cox et al. (2015)">{{cite journal |last1= Cox |first1= William T. L. |last2= Devine |first2= Patricia G. |last3= Bischmann |first3= Alyssa A. |last4= Hyde |first4= Janet S. |year= 2015 |title= Inferences About Sexual Orientation: The Roles of Stereotypes, Faces, and The Gaydar Myth |journal= [[The Journal of Sex Research]] |volume= 52 |issue= 8 |pages= 1–15 |doi= 10.1080/00224499.2015.1015714|pmid= 26219212 |url= https://zenodo.org/record/1043253 |pmc= 4731319 }}</ref> This work points out that the scientific work reviewed above that claims to demonstrate accurate gaydar falls prey to the [[false positive paradox]] (see also the [[base rate fallacy]]), because the alleged accuracy discounts the very low base rate of LGBT people in real populations, resulting in a scenario where the "accuracy" reported above in lab studies translates to high levels of inaccuracy in the real world. Cox writes, "Most people think of stereotyping as inappropriate. But if you're not calling it 'stereotyping', if you're giving it this other label and camouflaging it as 'gaydar,' it appears to be more socially and personally acceptable."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-09-08 |title=Put your gaydar down and stop trying to work out people's sexuality |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-08/shaw-put-your-gaydar-down/6758912 |access-date=2024-07-26 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref>

In the research by Chadly Stern done at [[New York University|NYU]] about the relationship of "gaydar" and [[Political spectrum|political orientation]], the team found out that conservatives possess mostly better “gaydar” than liberals do.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stern |first=Chadly |last2=West |first2=Tessa V. |last3=Jost |first3=John T. |last4=Rule |first4=Nicholas O. |date=2013 |title=The politics of gaydar: Ideological differences in the use of gendered cues in categorizing sexual orientation. |url=https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031187 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=520–541 |doi=10.1037/a0031187 |issn=1939-1315|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Though the accuracy of "gaydar" in conservatives depend on the "validity of the cues" more, Stern writes, overall, conservatives performed better in determining the sexual orientation in their research. The real-world connection of the finding is weaker because the correlation between facial features (which their research used for the basis of participants' "gaydar") and sexual orientation. By using cognitive load manipulation, the team also found that both liberals and conservatives used gender stereotypes to determine the sexual orientation during the research. This finding further the idea that "gaydar" is an alternate label to for using stereotypes in a more socially acceptable way. 

== Electronic device ==
In the early 2000s, an electronic device based on the Japanese [[Lovegety]] wireless dating device was marketed as 'Gaydar' and reported on widely in the media.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wilson |first=Craig |date=25 February 2000 |title='Gaydar' device clears up mixed signals|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/cyber/tech/review/crg942.htm |newspaper=[[USA Today]] |access-date=13 January 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Moret|first=Jim|date=29 February 2000 |title=New Gizmo Could Make Looking For Love Much Easier For Gays|url=http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRPTS/0002/29/wt.09.html |publisher= CNN |access-date=13 January 2014 }}{{dead link|date=May 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> This was a keychain-sized device that would send out a wireless signal, alerting the user via a vibration, beep, or flash when a similar device was within {{convert|40|ft|m|disp=flip|abbr=on}}. This lets the user know that a like-minded person was nearby.

== Artificial intelligence ==
[[Stanford University]] researchers [[Michal Kosinski]] and Yilun Wang carried out a study in 2017 which claimed that a [[Facial recognition system|facial recognition]] algorithm using [[neural network]]s could identify sexual orientation in 81% of the tested cases for men and 74% with women by reviewing photos of online dating profiles.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yilun |last2=Kosinski |first2=Michal |date=2020 |title=Deep neural networks are more accurate than humans at detecting sexual orientation from facial images |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publication-pdf/wang_kosinski.pdf |doi=10.1037/pspa0000098  |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=246–257 |pmid=29389215 |s2cid=1379347 |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/sep/12/artificial-intelligence-face-recognition-michal-kosinski|title=Face-reading AI will be able to detect your politics and IQ, professor says|last=Mihov|first=Jaques|date=2017-09-12|work=The Guardian|access-date=2017-11-02|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Kosinski voiced concern about privacy and the potential for misuse of AI, and suggested that his findings were consistent with the [[Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation|prenatal hormone theory of sexual orientation]], which hypothesizes that levels of androgens exposure in the womb help determine whether a person is straight, bisexual or gay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/07/artificial-intelligence-can-tell-your-sexuality-politics-surveillance-paul-lewis|title='I was shocked it was so easy': meet the professor who says facial recognition can tell if you're gay|date=July 7, 2018|website=the Guardian}}</ref> PHT predicts that gay and straight individuals may choose to present themselves differently on their profile pictures or have different facial appearance. 

Two replication studies confirmed the main findings of this study.<ref>{{cite arXiv|last=Leuner|first=John|date=2019-02-27|title=A Replication Study: Machine Learning Models Are Capable of Predicting Sexual Orientation From Facial Images|class=cs.CV|eprint=1902.10739}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Dawei |title=Presentation in self-posted facial images can expose sexual orientation: Implications for research and privacy |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35404640/ |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |pages=806–824 |doi=10.1037/pspa0000294 |date=May 2022|volume=122 |issue=5 |pmid=35404640 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Quach|first=Katyanna|title=The infamous AI gaydar study was repeated – and, no, code can't tell if you're straight or not just from your face|url=https://www.theregister.com/2019/03/05/ai_gaydar/|access-date=2021-01-15|website=www.theregister.com|language=en}}</ref>  It also found that even when faces are blurred it is possible to classify sexual orientation. 

A blog post by AI researcher [[Blaise Agüera y Arcas]] criticized the study for using photos from an uncontrolled environment. Rather than picking up on the facial structure, it was likely the algorithm was identifying factors in grooming, lifestyle, and photo angle; a small set of questions about differences including makeup use, facial hair, and eyeglass use was nearly as accurate as of the original study.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arcas|first=Blaise Aguera y|date=2018-01-18|title=Do algorithms reveal sexual orientation or just expose our stereotypes?|url=https://medium.com/@blaisea/do-algorithms-reveal-sexual-orientation-or-just-expose-our-stereotypes-d998fafdf477|access-date=2021-01-15|website=Medium|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|LGBTQ}}
{{Div col}}
* [[Biometrics]]
* [[Biology and sexual orientation]] (physical differences)
* [[Fruit machine (homosexuality test)]]
* {{slink|Linguistic profiling|Gender and sexual orientation}}
* [[Straight-acting]]
{{Div col end}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book | title=Gaydar: The Ultimate Insider Guide to the Gay Sixth Sense | publisher=[[Crown Publishing Group|Crown]] | author=Reuter, Donald F. | year=2008 | isbn=978-0609611029}}

==External links==
*[http://weekendamerica.publicradio.org/programs/index_20051203.html Public Radio Program on gaydar]
*[http://nymag.com/news/features/33520/ The Science of Gaydar: The new research on everything from voice pitch to hair whorl]
{{Wiktionary}}

{{LGBT slang}}

[[Category:1990s slang]]
[[Category:2000s slang]]
[[Category:2010s slang]]
[[Category:LGBTQ slang]]
[[Category:Stereotypes of LGBTQ people]]