Editing Gayo language

{{Short description|Austronesian language spoken in Sumatra, Indonesia}}
{{Infobox language
|name        = Gayo
|nativename  = Basa Gayo
|states      = [[Indonesia]]
|region      = [[Sumatra]]
|ethnicity   = 335,000 [[Gayo people|Gayo]] (2010 census)<ref name=e26/>
|speakers    = {{sigfig|275,000|2}}
|date        = 2010 census
|ref         = e26
|familycolor = Austronesian
|fam2        = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]
|fam3        = [[Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages|Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands]]
|iso2        = gay
|iso3        = gay
|glotto      = gayo1244
|glottorefname = Gayo
}}

[[File:Languages of Northern Sumatra en.svg|thumb|right|The map of Gayo language in Northern Sumatra.]]
'''Gayo''' (alternatively rendered as Gajo) is an endangered Austronesian language spoken by some 275,000 people in the mountainous region of the Indonesian province [[Aceh]] on the Northern tip of the island of [[Sumatra]], specifically around the [[Central Aceh]], [[Bener Meriah]] and [[Gayo Lues]] [[Regency (Indonesia)|regencies]]. It is classified as belonging to the [[Western Malayo-Polynesian languages|Western Malayo-Polynesian]] branch of the [[Austronesian languages]], but is not closely related to other languages. Ethnologue lists ''Bukit'', ''Dëret'', ''Lues'', ''Lut'', and ''Serbejadi-Lukup'' as dialects.

Gayo is distinct from other languages in Aceh. The art and culture of the [[Gayo people]] is also significantly different compared with other ethnic groups in Aceh.

In 1907, G.A.J. Hazeu wrote a first Gayo–Dutch dictionary for the colonial authorities of the Dutch East Indies.<ref>Gajosch-Nederlandsch Woordenboek, by G.A.J. Hazeu, Landsdrukkerij Batavia 1907. It is available online as a Google scan.</ref>

==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Consonants<ref name=Eades>{{citation
|last1=Eades
|first1=Domenyk
|last2=Hajek
|first2=John
|year=2006
|title=Gayo
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=36
|issue=1
|pages=107–115
|doi=10.1017/S0025100306002416
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |
! [[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]
! [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! [[Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
! [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
! [[Labial-velar consonant|Labial-velar]]
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| /{{IPA link|m}}/ {{angle bracket|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}} {{angle bracket|n}}
|
| {{IPA link|ɲ}} {{angle bracket|ny}}
| {{IPA link|ŋ}} {{angle bracket|ng}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Plosive]]
!<small>[[voiceless]]</small>
| /{{IPA link|p}}/ {{angle bracket|p}}
| /{{IPA link|t}}/ {{angle bracket|t}}
|
|
| /{{IPA link|k}}/ {{angle bracket|k}}
| /{{IPA link|ʔ}}/ {{angle bracket|'}}
|
|-
!<small>[[voiced]]</small>
| /{{IPA link|b}}/ {{angle bracket|b}}
| /{{IPA link|d}}/ {{angle bracket|d}}
|
|
| /{{IPA link|ɡ}}/ {{angle bracket|g}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
|
| /{{IPA link|s}}/ {{angle bracket|s}}
|
|
|
| /{{IPA link|h}}/ {{angle bracket|h}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
!<small>[[voiceless]]</small>
|
|
| /{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}/ {{angle bracket|c}}
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>[[voiced]]</small>
|
|
| /{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}/ {{angle bracket|j}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]
|
| /{{IPA link|r}}/ {{angle bracket|r}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |[[Approximant]]
|
| /{{IPA link|l}}/ {{angle bracket|l}}
|
| /{{IPA link|j}}/ {{angle bracket|y}}
|
|
| /{{IPA link|w}}/ {{angle bracket|w}}
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+Vowels<ref name=Eades/>
!
! [[Front vowel|Front]]
! [[Central vowel|Central]]
! [[Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| /{{IPA link|i}}/ {{angle bracket|i}}
|
| /{{IPA link|u}}/ {{angle bracket|u}}
|-
! [[Near-close vowel|Near-Close]]
| ({{IPA link|ɪ}})
|
| ({{IPA link|ʊ}})
|-
! [[Close-mid vowel|Close-Mid]]
| /{{IPA link|e}}/ {{angle bracket|é}}
| rowspan="2" |/{{IPA link|ə}}/ {{angle bracket|e}}
| /{{IPA link|o}}/ {{angle bracket|ô}}
|-
! [[Open-mid vowel|Open-Mid]]
| /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/ {{angle bracket|è}}
| /{{IPA link|ɔ}}/ {{angle bracket|o}}
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|
| /{{IPA link|a}}/ {{angle bracket|a}}/{{angbr|ë}}
|
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/146732/1/PL-567.pdf |title=A Grammar of Gayo: A Language of Aceh, Sumatra |first=Domenyk |last=Eades |year=2005 |publisher=Pacific Linguistics |series=Pacific Linguistics 567 |isbn=978-0-85883-553-5 |doi=10.15144/pl-567 |hdl=1885/146732 |hdl-access=free}}
* {{citation
|last1=Eades
|first1=Domenyk
|last2=Hajek
|first2=John
|year=2006
|title=Gayo
|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association
|volume=36
|issue=1
|pages=107–115
|doi=10.1017/S0025100306002416
|doi-access=free
}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Gayo language}}
* [http://catalog.paradisec.org.au/collections/DE1 An open access of recordings] in Gayo are available through [[Paradisec]], including traditional stories, historical narratives and conversation.

{{Incubator|code=gay}}
{{Languages of Indonesia}}
{{Western Malayo-Polynesian languages}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Gayonese people]]
[[Category:Languages of Aceh]]


{{austronesian-lang-stub}}