Editing General Motors Epsilon platform

{{main|List of GM platforms}}
{{Infobox automobile platform
|name=GM Epsilon platform
|manufacturer=[[General Motors Company|General Motors]]
|aka          = 
| image       = Chevrolet Malibu LTZ 2.4 – Frontansicht, 9. August 2013, Velbert.jpg
|production   =2002–present
|predecessor  =[[GM N platform]]<br>[[GM2900 platform]]<br>[[GM W platform]]<br>[[GM G platform (FWD)|GM G platform]]<br>[[GM Zeta Platform]]
|successor  = [[General Motors VSS platforms|GM VSS-F]]
|class        =[[Compact executive car]] [[D-segment|(D)]] [[automobile platform|platform]]<br>[[Mid-size car|Mid-size]] [[D-segment|(D)]] [[automobile platform|platform]]<br />[[Full-size car|Large car]] [[E-segment|(E)]] [[automobile platform|platform]]
|layout       = [[Transverse engine|Transverse]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autoevolution.com/news/general-motors-vehicle-platforms-explained-from-the-gamma-to-the-all-new-gm-omega-platform-93953.html|title = General Motors Vehicle Platforms Explained from the Gamma to the All-New GM Omega Platform|date = 31 March 2015}}</ref> [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|front engine]], [[front-wheel drive]]/[[all-wheel drive]]
|body_style   = 2-door [[Convertible (car)|Convertible]]<br>4-door [[sedan (car)|Sedan/Saloon]]<br>5-door [[Hatchback|Hatchback/Liftback]]<br>5-door [[Station wagon|Station wagon/Estate/Caravan]]<br>5-door [[Multi-purpose vehicle]]
|engine       ={{ubl
  | '''[[Petrol engine|Gasoline engines]]:'''
  | ''[[GM Ecotec engine|Ecotec]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
  | ''[[GM Family 1 engine|Ecotec Family 1]]'' I4
  | ''[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine|GM 54°]]'' [[V6 engine|V6]]
  | ''[[GM High Value engine|High Value]]'' V6
  | ''[[GM High Feature engine|High Feature]]'' V6
  | '''[[Diesel engine]]s:'''
  | ''[[JTD engine|Multijet]]'' I4, [[Straight-five engine|I5]]
  | ''[[GM Family B engine|Family B]]'' I4
  | ''[[DMAX V6 engine|Dmax]]'' V6
  }}
|transmission = 
|wheelbase    = 
|length       = 
|width        = 
|height       = 
|weight       = 
|related      = [[GM Alpha platform]]{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
|vehicles     = [[Buick Lacrosse|Buick Lacrosse/Alpheon]]<br>[[Cadillac BLS]]<br>[[Cadillac XTS]]<br>[[Chevrolet Classic]]<br>[[Chevrolet Impala]]<br>[[Chevrolet Malibu|Chevrolet/Holden Malibu]]<br>[[Chevrolet Malibu Maxx]]<br>[[Fiat Croma]]<br>[[Opel Insignia]]/[[Buick Regal]]<br>[[Opel Signum]]<br>[[Opel Vectra]]<br>[[Pontiac G6]]<br>[[Roewe|Roewe 950]]<br>[[Saab 9-3]]<br>[[Saab 9-5]]<br>[[Saturn Aura]]
}}

'''Epsilon''' is [[General Motors]]' [[mid-size car|mid-size]] [[front-wheel drive]] [[automobile platform]]. The architecture was a multi-division project of GM North America, Opel and Saab,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=December 9, 2002 |title=Would You Buy a Chevy Saab? |journal=Forbes |pages=82}}</ref> and debuted in the 2002 [[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Opel Vectra]] and 2003 [[Saab 9-3]]. Since this platform falls squarely in the center of the worldwide automobile market, GM plans to produce a great many Epsilon vehicles with over a dozen variations. {{As of|2005}}, it was GM's highest volume worldwide platform. Even after the dissolution of the GM/[[Fiat]] partnership, both companies retain the rights to continue developing Epsilon-derived models.

A total of 16 different models have made use of the GM Epsilon platform, some of which remain in production 19 years after the platform debuted.

==Features==

GM's '''Epsilon''' platform replaced the [[GM N platform|N platform]] in the [[United States|US]], and replaced the [[GM2900 platform]] elsewhere. Vehicles of this platform generally carry the symbol "Z" in the fourth digit of their [[Vehicle Identification Number|VINs]].

When the platform debuted, there was talk of an "Epsilon Wide" derivative, which was supposed to have provided the underpinnings for the [[Buick LaCrosse]] and [[Saab 9-5]]. However, the program was cancelled and the LaCrosse was put on the [[GM W platform|W platform]], and the 9-5 was given a quick refresh for the 2006 model year. {{Citation needed|date=April 2016}}
 
The Epsilon platform is a midsize front-driver promising a 200 percent improvement in rigidity, with aluminum suspension components—MacPherson struts in front and a four-link independent arrangement in the rear, and four-wheel disc brakes. Many of the Epsilon vehicles use the [[GM Ecotec engine|Ecotec]] [[Inline-four engine]]s and both the [[GM High Value engine|High Value]] and [[GM High Feature engine|High Feature]] V6 engines.

The refreshed 2008 SAAB 9-3 debuted with an advanced version of all-wheel-drive it dubbed XWD, finally giving a definitive answer to rumors about the platform's ability to support AWD, which had been around since the debut of the platform.

The [[GM Lambda platform|Lambda]] and [[GM Theta platform#Theta Premium|Theta Premium]] [[Crossover (automobile)|crossover]] platforms are derived from Epsilon. {{Citation needed|date=April 2016}}

===Vehicles===
Vehicles based on the Epsilon I platform:
* Regular
** 2002–2009 [[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Opel Vectra C]] saloon and liftback
** 2002–2009 [[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Vauxhall Vectra]] saloon and liftback
** 2002–2009 [[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Holden Vectra]]
** 2002–2009 [[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Chevrolet Vectra]]
** 2003–2011 [[Saab 9-3]]
** 2004–2007 [[Chevrolet Malibu#2004|Chevrolet Malibu]]
** 2006–2009 [[Cadillac BLS]]

<gallery>
File:Opel Vectra C GTS Facelift Starsilber.JPG|Opel Vectra C
File:2007 Vauxhall Vectra Exclusiv 1.8 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra
File:2003 Holden Vectra (ZC MY03) CD hatchback (2016-01-04) 01.jpg|Holden Vectra
File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.2 Elegance 2007 (13929776740).jpg|Chevrolet Vectra
File:2009 Saab 9-3 (MY08) Aero 2.8T sedan (2015-07-09) 01.jpg|Saab 9-3
File:Saab 9-3 Aero front 20081126.jpg|Saab 9-3 Convertible
File:Saab 9-3 Sport Combi Vector 1.9 TiD.JPG|Saab 9-3 SportCombi
File:Saab 9-3X – Frontansicht, 13. März 2011, Wuppertal.jpg|Saab 9-3X
File:Cadillac BLS front 20080823.jpg|Cadillac BLS
File:Cadillac BLS D Wagon front 20100508.jpg|Cadillac BLS Wagon
File:06-07 Chevrolet Malibu.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu
File:06-07 Chevrolet Malibu MAXX.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu Maxx
</gallery>

* Extended
** 2002–2009 [[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Opel Vectra C]] [[Station wagon|Caravan]]
** 2002–2009 [[Opel Vectra#Vectra C|Vauxhall Vectra]] [[Station wagon|Caravan]]
** 2003–2008 [[Opel Signum]]
** 2004–2007 [[Chevrolet Malibu#2004|Chevrolet Malibu Maxx]] hatchback
** 2008–2012 [[Chevrolet Malibu]]
** 2005–2010 [[Pontiac G6]]
** 2005–2011 [[Fiat Croma]]
** 2007–2010 [[Saturn Aura]]

<gallery>
File:Opel Vectra C Caravan 3.0 V6 CDTI Facelift front TEST.jpg|Opel Vectra C Caravan
File:2009 Vauxhall Vectra Estate.jpg|Vauxhall Vectra Estate
File:Opel Signum 1.9 CDTI Edition Facelift Starsilber.JPG|Opel Signum
File:Vauxhall Signum 2198cc May 2006.jpg|Vauxhall Signum
File:Chevrolet Malibu (2008-2011) 1X7A7375.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu
File:Pontiac G6 Sedan.jpg|Pontiac G6
File:Pontiac-G6-coupe.jpg|Pontiac G6 Coupe
File:Pontiac G6 Convertible.JPG|Pontiac G6 Convertible
File:Saturn Aura XR -- 08-28-2009.jpg|Saturn Aura
File:2010 Fiat Croma.JPG|Fiat Croma
</gallery>

Cancelled vehicles which would have used this platform:
* 2006 midsized [[Buick]] {{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

==Epsilon II==
A new version of the Epsilon, dubbed '''Epsilon II''', debuted in 2008. It is adaptable for [[front-wheel drive|front]] and [[all-wheel drive]] applications. In long wheelbase format, Epsilon II supports [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|US EPA]] [[Full-size car|Large Cars]], allowing GM to replace the [[GM G platform (FWD)|G]] and [[GM W platform|W]] platforms. The architecture was developed by [[Opel]] in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Many safety features and AWD fitment modifications were done by Saab.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.caranddriver.com/spy-shots/2010-saab-9-5-spied | title = Spied: 2010 Saab 9-5 | last = Meiners | first = Jens | publisher = Hearst Magazines | work = Car and Driver |date=May 2009 | access-date = 2013-05-05 }}</ref>

Current and announced vehicles built on Epsilon II:
* [[D-segment|SWB]] 
** 2008–2017 [[Opel Insignia]], [[Vauxhall Insignia]], [[Opel Insignia|Holden Insignia VXR]], [[Buick Regal]], [[Opel Insignia|Chevrolet Vectra]] (saloon, hatchback, estate) ([[D-segment|SWB]])
** 2012–2016 [[Chevrolet Malibu]], Holden Malibu ([[D-segment|SWB]])
* [[E-segment|SL LWB]] 
** 2010–2016 [[Buick LaCrosse]]/Alpheon ([[E-segment|SL LWB]])
** 2010–2012 [[Saab 9-5]] ([[E-segment|SL LWB]])
** 2012–2019 [[Roewe 950]] ([[E-segment|SL LWB]])<ref name="Chinacartimes_2012-04-12_05-09"/>
* [[E-segment|EL LWB]]
** 2012–2019 [[Cadillac XTS]] ([[E-segment|EL LWB]])
** 2014–2019 [[Chevrolet Impala]] ([[E-segment|EL LWB]])

<gallery>
File:Opel Insignia 2.0 Turbo Cosmo 4x4 2016.jpg|Opel Insignia
File:Opel insignia 4T opc.jpg|Opel Insignia OPC
File:Opel Insignia Sports Tourer OPC – Frontansicht, 13. März 2011, Wuppertal.jpg|Opel Insignia Sports Tourer
File:2016 Vauxhall Insignia Design 1.4.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia
File:Vauxhall Insignia Break.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia Estate
File:2011 Buick Regal CXL 1 -- 07-03-2010.jpg|Buick Regal
File:2011 Buick Regal GS 2 -- 2010 DC.jpg|Buick Regal GS
File:2015 Holden Insignia (GA MY15.5) VXR sedan (20104110092).jpg|Holden Insignia VXR
File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.0 Turbo.jpg|Chevrolet Vectra
File:14 Buick LaCrosse (14344035480).jpg|Buick LaCrosse
File:ALPHEON Ext.jpg|Alpheon EL300
File:Roewe e950 front.jpg|Roewe 950
File:2013 Chevrolet Malibu Eco -- 2012 DC 1.JPG|Chevrolet Malibu
File:14 Chevrolet Impala LT (14344066639).jpg|Chevrolet Impala
File:Cadillac XTS facelift 01 China 2018-03-28.jpg|Cadillac XTS
File:2012 Saab 9-5 Aero Turbo4 Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg|Saab 9-5
</gallery>

Concept vehicles built on Epsilon II:
* 2007 [[Buick Riviera]]
* 2007 [[Opel GTC|Opel GTC Concept]]

<gallery>
File:NAIAS 304.JPG|Buick Riviera Concept (2007)
File:Opel GTC Concept (retouched).jpg|Opel GTC Concept
</gallery>

==E2XX==

E2XX is a moderately updated version of Epsilon 2 platform,<ref>{{cite web |title=2017 Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport to be brand's flagship model (7 November 2016) |url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-news/new-cars/2017-vauxhall-insignia-grand-sport-be-brands-flagship-model |website=Autocar |access-date=16 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> consistent with other platform revamps, such as the D2XX based on Delta II.

The E2XX platform targets weight reductions and longer wheelbases.

===Vehicles===

Vehicle built on E2XX:
* 2016–2025 [[Chevrolet Malibu]]
* 2017–2022 [[Opel Insignia|Opel/Vauxhall Insignia]], [[Buick Regal]] 2018–present (since 2020 China only), [[Holden Commodore (ZB)]] 2018–2020 
* 2019–present [[Cadillac XT4]]
* 2021–present [[Buick Envision]]
* 2023–present [[Cadillac GT4]]

<gallery>

File:Chevrolet Malibu 2020.jpg|Chevrolet Malibu
File:Opel Insignia B (20170625 191333).jpg|Opel Insignia Grand Sport
File:Opel Insignia Sports Tourer 1.5 DIT Innovation (B) – Frontansicht, 12. Mai 2017, Düsseldorf.jpg|Opel Insignia Sports Tourer
File:Opel Insignia, IAA 2017, Frankfurt (1Y7A3364).jpg|Opel Insignia Country Tourer
File:Opel Insignia GSi IMG 0917.jpg|Opel Insignia GSi
File:2018 Vauxhall Insignia SRi NAV Turbo 1.5 Front.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport
File:Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer diesel 1956cc registered September 2017.jpg|Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer
File:2018 Buick Regal Sportback Preferred II FWD, Ebony Twilight Metallic, front right.jpg|Buick Regal Sportback
File:Buick Regal II GS 001.jpg|Buick Regal GS
File:2018 Buick Regal TourX Preferred AWD, front right.jpg|Buick Regal TourX
File:2018 Holden Commodore (ZB MY18) LT sedan (2018-08-06) 01a.jpg|Holden Commodore (ZB)
File:2018 Holden Calais (ZB MY18) V6 AWD Tourer (2018-11-29) 01.jpg|Holden Commodore (ZB) Tourer
File:Cadillac XT4 0001 China 2019-03-13.jpg|Cadillac XT4
File:Buick Envision S 005.jpg|Buick Envision
File:CADILLAC GT4 China.jpg|Cadillac GT4
</gallery>

===P2XX===
P2XX is the longer variant of the E2XX platform.

Vehicle built on P2XX:
* 2017–2023 [[Buick LaCrosse]]

<gallery>
File:2018 Buick LaCrosse Premium AWD, Front left, 05-19-2020.jpg|Buick LaCrosse
</gallery>

===C1XX===
C1XX is the crossover variant of the E2XX platform, replacing the [[GM Theta platform#Theta Premium|Theta Premium]] and [[GM Lambda platform|Lambda]] platforms.

Vehicles built on C1XX:

Two-row mid-size:

* 2017–present [[Cadillac XT5]]
* 2019–present [[Chevrolet Blazer (crossover)|Chevrolet Blazer]]

<gallery>
File:2019 Cadillac XT5 Luxury 3.6L front 3.24.19.jpg|Cadillac XT5
File:2019 Chevrolet Blazer au SIAM 2019.jpg|Chevrolet Blazer
</gallery>

Three-row mid-size:

* 2017–2023 [[GMC Acadia]]
* 2018–2020 [[GMC Acadia|Holden Acadia]]
* 2019–present [[Buick Enclave]] (China)
* 2020–present [[Chevrolet Blazer (crossover)|Chevrolet Blazer]] (China)
* 2020–present [[Cadillac XT6]]
<gallery>
File:2020 GMC Acadia AT4 front NYIAS 2019.jpg|GMC Acadia
File:Holden Acadia Launch, 29 August 2018 (43429186695).jpg|Holden Acadia
File:Chevrolet Blazer 003.jpg|Chevrolet Blazer
File:2020 Cadillac XT6 AWD front NYIAS 2019.jpg|Cadillac XT6
</gallery>

Full-size:
* 2018–2024 [[Buick Enclave]] 
* 2018–2025 [[Chevrolet Traverse]]
<gallery>
File:Buick Enclave P4250802.jpg|Buick Enclave 
File:Chevrolet Traverse 3.6 Premier AWD 2018.jpg|Chevrolet Traverse
</gallery>

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|2|refs=

<ref name="Chinacartimes_2012-04-12_05-09">{{cite web
 |url         = http://www.chinacartimes.com/2012/04/12/roewe-950-hits-market-priced-competitively/
 |title       = Roewe &#124; Roewe 950 hits the market, priced competitively
 |date        = 12 April 2012
 |publisher   = China Car Times – China Auto News
 |first       = Ashley
 |last        = Sutcliffe
 |work        = chinacartimes.com
 |access-date  = 2 October 2012
 |url-status     = dead
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20121203113040/http://www.chinacartimes.com/2012/04/12/roewe-950-hits-market-priced-competitively/
 |archive-date = 3 December 2012
}}
</ref>

}}

==References==
* {{cite web | first=Rich|last=Kranz|date=April 12, 2005|title=GM lagging behind in booming sport wagon market | work=AutoWeek | url=http://www.autoweek.com/article/20050412/FREE/504120701| access-date=April 12, 2005}}
* {{cite web | first=Mike|last=Smith|date=March 1, 2014|title=2014 Chevrolet Malibu Safety Cage |url=http://www.boronextrication.com/2014/03/01/2014-chevrolet-malibu-safety-cage/ |access-date=March 1, 2014}}
{{General Motors platforms}}
{{General Motors platform timeline 1955 to present}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gm Epsilon Platform}}
[[Category:General Motors platforms|Epsilon]]