Editing Genichi Taguchi

{{Short description|Japanese statistician}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Genichi Taguchi
| native_name       = 田口 玄一
| image             =
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| caption           = 
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1924|1|1|mf=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Tokamachi, Niigata|Tokamachi]], [[Japan]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|2012|6|2|1924|1|1|mf=y}}
| death_place       = Japan
| residence         = 
| citizenship       = Japan
| nationality       = 
| ethnicity         = 
| fields            = [[engineering]], [[statistics]]
| workplaces        = [[Aoyama Gakuin University]]
| alma_mater        = [[Gunma University|Kiryu Technical College]]
| doctoral_advisor  = 
| academic_advisors = 
| doctoral_students = 
| notable_students  = 
| known_for         = [[Taguchi methods]]
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| author_abbrev_zoo = 
| awards            = [[Medals of Honour (Japan)#Blue ribbon|Indigo Ribbon]], [[Shewhart Medal]]<br>[[Automotive Hall of Fame]]
| religion          = 
| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
| footnotes         =  
}}
{{nihongo|'''Genichi Taguchi'''|田口 玄一|Taguchi Gen'ichi|extra=January 1, 1924 – June 2, 2012}} was an [[engineer]] and [[statistician]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiusa.com/thought-leadership/news-and-events/167-death-of-dr-taguchi |title=ASI Mourns the Loss of Dr. Genichi Taguchi |publisher=Asiusa.com |date=2012-03-28 |access-date=2012-06-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019015145/http://www.asiusa.com/thought-leadership/news-and-events/167-death-of-dr-taguchi |archive-date=2012-10-19 }}</ref> From the 1950s on, Taguchi developed a methodology for applying [[statistics]] to improve the quality of manufactured goods. [[Taguchi methods]] have been controversial among some conventional Western statisticians,<ref>{{cite book |last=Wadsworth |first=Harrison M. |title=Handbook of statistical methods for engineers and scientists |edition=2nd |year=1997 |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Smith |first=Gerald F. |title=Quality problem solving |year=1998 |publisher=American Society for Quality |pages=250?251}}</ref> but others have accepted many of the concepts introduced by him as valid extensions to the body of knowledge.

==Biography==

Taguchi was born and raised in the textile town of [[Tokamachi, Niigata|Tokamachi]], in [[Niigata prefecture]]. He initially studied textile [[engineering]] at [[Gunma University|Kiryu Technical College]] with the intention of entering the family [[kimono]] business.<ref name="asqbio">{{cite web |title=Genichi Taguchi |url=http://www.asq.org/about-asq/who-we-are/bio_taguchi.html |publisher=American Society for Quality |access-date=2009-04-22 |archive-date=2009-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090306063542/http://www.asq.org/about-asq/who-we-are/bio_taguchi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, with the escalation of [[World War II]] in 1942, he was drafted into the Astronomical Department of the Navigation Institute of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].

After the war, in 1948 he joined the [[Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan)|Ministry of Public Health and Welfare]], where he came under the influence of eminent [[statistician]] [[Matosaburo Masuyama]], who kindled his interest in the [[design of experiments]]. He also worked at the [[Institute of Statistical Mathematics]] during this time,<ref name="asqbio" /> and supported experimental work on the production of [[penicillin]] at [[Morinaga Pharmaceuticals]], a [[Morinaga & Company|Morinaga Seika]] company.

In 1950, he joined the Electrical Communications Laboratory (ECL) of the [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone]] Corporation just as statistical quality control was beginning to become popular in [[Japan]],<ref name="asqbio" /> under the influence of [[W. Edwards Deming]] and the [[Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers]]. ECL was engaged in a rivalry with [[Bell Labs]] to develop cross bar and telephone switching systems, and Taguchi spent his twelve years there developing methods for enhancing quality and reliability. Even at this point, he was beginning to consult widely in Japanese industry, with [[Toyota]] being an early adopter of his ideas.

During the 1950s, he collaborated widely and in 1954-1955 was visiting professor at the [[Indian Statistical Institute]], where he worked with [[C. R. Rao]],  [[Ronald Fisher]] and [[Walter A. Shewhart]].<ref name="jayaswal">{{cite book |last=Jayaswal |first=Bijay K. |author2=Peter C. Patton |title=Design for Trustworthy Software: Tools, Techniques, and Methodology of Developing Robust Software |year=2006 |publisher=Prentice Hall |page=44}}</ref> While working at the SQC Unit of ISI, he was introduced to the [[orthogonal array testing|orthogonal arrays]] invented by C. R. Rao - a topic which was to be instrumental in enabling him to develop the foundation blocks of what is now known as Taguchi methods.

On completing his doctorate at [[Kyushu University]] in 1962,<ref name="ieee95">{{cite journal |last=Taguchi |first=Genichi |title=Quality engineering (Taguchi methods) for the development of electronic circuit technology |journal=IEEE Transactions on Reliability |publisher=IEEE Reliability Society |volume=44 |issue=2 |date=June 1995 |pages=225–229 |issn=0018-9529 |doi=10.1109/24.387375}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Studies on mathematical statistics for quality control|author=Gen'ichi TAGUCHI|publisher=Kushu University|date=March 1962|series=Doctoral thesis|url=http://iss.ndl.go.jp/books/R100000002-I000007814567-00}}</ref> he left ECL, though he maintained a consulting relationship. In the same year he visited [[Princeton University]] under the sponsorship of [[John Tukey]], who arranged a spell at [[Bell Labs]], his old ECL rivals. In 1964 he became professor of [[engineering]] at [[Aoyama Gakuin University]], [[Tokyo]].<ref name="jayaswal" /> In 1966 he began a collaboration with [[Yuin Wu]], who later emigrated to the [[United States|U.S.]] and, in 1980, invited Taguchi to lecture. During his visit there, Taguchi himself financed a return to [[Bell Labs]], where his initial teaching had made little enduring impact. This second visit began a collaboration with [[Madhav Phadke]] and a growing enthusiasm for his methodology in [[Bell Labs]] and elsewhere, including [[Ford Motor Company]], [[Boeing]], [[Xerox]] and [[ITT Corporation|ITT]].

Since 1982, Genichi Taguchi has been an advisor to the [[Japanese Standards Institute]] and executive director of the American Supplier Institute, an international consulting organisation.<ref>{{cite web |title=About ASI |url=http://www.amsup.com/about.htm |publisher=American Supplier Institute |access-date=2009-04-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402001648/http://www.amsup.com/about.htm |archive-date=2009-04-02 }}</ref>  His concepts pertaining to experimental design, the loss function, robust design, and the reduction of variation have influenced fields beyond product design and manufacturing, such as [[sales process engineering]].<ref name="Selden 1997">{{cite book |title=Sales Process Engineering: A Personal Workshop |last=Selden |first=Paul H. |publisher=ASQ Quality Press |location = Milwaukee, WI| year=1997 |pages=156?158, 169, 237}}</ref>

== Taguchi Approach to Robust Design ==
One of Genichi Taguchi’s most important contributions was the development of the concept of ''robust design'', which aims to minimize product variability even under adverse conditions. This approach is based on the use of orthogonal arrays and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis, with the goal of optimizing products and processes at early stages of design. The Taguchi method has been widely adopted in the automotive and electronics industries due to its effectiveness in reducing costs and improving quality.

==Contributions==

{{main|Taguchi methods}}

Taguchi has made a very influential contribution to industrial statistics. Key elements of his quality philosophy include the following:
#[[Taguchi loss function]], used to measure financial loss to society resulting from poor quality;
#The philosophy of ''off-line quality control'', designing products and processes so that they are insensitive ("robust") to parameters outside the design engineer's control.
#Innovations in the statistical [[design of experiments]], notably the use of an outer array for factors that are uncontrollable in real life, but are systematically varied in the experiment.

==Honours==

*1960 - Deming Prize for Individuals
*1986 - [[Willard F. Rockwell Medal]] of the International Technology Institute
*1989 - [[Medals of Honour (Japan)#Blue ribbon|Indigo Ribbon]] from the [[Emperor of Japan]]
*1990 - Honoured as a Quality Guru by the British Department of Trade and Industry
*1995 - Honorary member of the [[Japanese Society of Quality Control]]
*1996 - Honorary Fellow of the [[Institute of Directors (India)]]
*1997 - [[Automotive Hall of Fame]] Inductee
*1998 - Honorary member of the [[American Society for Quality]]<ref name="asqbio" />
*1998 - Honorary member of the [[American Society of Mechanical Engineers]]
*1999 - Honorary president of the [[Robust Quality Engineering Society]] (Japan)

==Book==

*{{Cite book |title=Introduction to Quality Engineering: Designing Quality into Products and Processes |author=Taguchi |publisher=Asian Productivity Organization |isbn=978-928-3310846 |first=Genichi |year=1986 |location=Tokyo, Japan}}
*{{Cite book |title=Taguchi on Robust Technology Development: Bringing Quality Engineering Upstream |author=Taguchi |first=Genichi |publisher=ASME Press |date=August 1992 |isbn=978-0791800287}}
*{{Cite book |title=Robust Engineering: Learn How to Boost Quality while Reducing Costs & Time to Market |author1=Taguchi |first=Genichi |author2=Chowdhury |first2=Subir |author3=Taguchi |first3=Shin |publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional |date=October 1999 |isbn=978-0071347822}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Mahalanobis-Taguchi System |author1=Taguchi |first=Genichi |author2=Chowdhury |first2=Subir |author3=Wu |first3=Yuin |publisher=McGraw Hill Professional |date=August 2000 |isbn=978-0071362634}}
*{{Cite book |title=The Mahalanobis-Taguchi Strategy : A Pattern Technology System |author1=Taguchi |first=Genichi |author2=Jugulum |first2=Rajesh |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2002 |isbn=978-0471023333}}
*{{Cite book |title=Computer-Based Robust Engineering: Essential For DFSS |author1=Taguchi |first=Genichi |author2=Jugulum |first2=Rajesh |author3=Taguchi |first3=Shin |publisher=Amer Society for Quality |year=2004 |isbn=978-0873896221}}
*{{Cite book |title=Taguchi's Quality Engineering Handbook |author1=Taguchi |first=Genichi |author2=Chowdhury |first2=Subir |author3=Wu |first3=Yuin |publisher=John Wiley |year=2005 |isbn=978-0471413349}}

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/people/taguchi.gif Photograph of Dr. Genichi Taguchi]
*[https://asq.org/about-asq/honorary-members/taguchi ASQ Taguchi Biography]
  
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[[Category:Academic staff of Aoyama Gakuin University]]
[[Category:Japanese business theorists]]
[[Category:Japanese industrial engineers]]
[[Category:Quality]]
[[Category:Quality experts]]
[[Category:Japanese statisticians]]
[[Category:1924 births]]
[[Category:2012 deaths]]
[[Category:Imperial Japanese Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Scientists from Niigata Prefecture]]