Editing Genna

{{short description|Period of Japanese history (1615–1624)}}
{{for multi|the crime family|Genna crime family|Ethiopian and Eritrean Christmas|Ethiopian Christmas}}
{{History of Japan |image=Shoso-in.jpg |caption=[[Shōsōin]]}}

{{nihongo|'''Genna'''|元和}} was a {{nihongo|[[Japanese era name]]|年号|''nengō''|"year name"}} coming after ''[[Keichō]]'' and before ''[[Kan'ei]].''  This period spanned the years from July 1615 to February 1624.<ref>Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Genna''" in [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA239&dq=  ''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 239]; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'' [https://archive.today/20120524174828/http://dispatch.opac.ddb.de/DB=4.1/PPN?PPN=128842709 Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File].</ref> The reigning emperor was {{nihongo|[[Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan|Go-Mizunoo]]''-tennō''|後水尾天皇}}.<ref>Tittsingh, Isaac. (1834). [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA410,M1  ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 410]–411.</ref> It is also known as ''Genwa''. 

==Change of era==
* '''1615''' {{nihongo|''Genna gannen''|元和元年}}: The era name was changed to mark the enthronement of [[Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan|Go-Mizunuoo]] and because of disasters such as the {{nihongo|[[siege of Osaka]]|大坂の役,|''Ōsaka-no-eki''}}, or more commonly, {{nihongo|siege of Osaka|大坂の陣,|''Ōsaka-no-jin''}}. The old era ended and a new one commenced in ''Keichō'' 20.

The siege of Osaka was a series of battles undertaken by the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] against the [[Toyotomi clan]], ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages (the "Winter Campaign" and the "Summer Campaign"), and lasting from 1614 through 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the establishment of an enduring Tokugawa shogunate. The end of this period of fighting is also sometimes called the {{nihongo|[[Siege of Osaka|Genna armistice]]|元和偃武,|''Genna-enbu''}} because the [[Japanese era name|era name]] was changed from ''[[Keichō]]'' to ''Genna'' immediately following its ultimate resolution.

By order of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]], the era name of [[Emperor Xianzong of Tang]] China was adopted.

==Events of the ''Genna'' era==
* '''1615''' (''Genna 1''): [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] and his son, Shōgun Hidetada, marched again to Osaka Castle, which was captured and burned; but Hideyori managed to flee to [[Satsuma Domain|Satsuma]] where he had prepared a refuge in advance.<ref name="t410">Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA410,M1  p. 410.]</ref>
* '''September 1, 1615''' (''Genna 1, 9th day of the 7th month'')<!--NengoCalc 元和一年七月九日 -->: Ieyasu pulled down [[Toyokuni Shrine (Kyoto)|Hōkoku-jinja]].<ref name="p317">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). ''Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869'', p. 317.</ref>
* '''September 20, 1615''' (''Genna 1, 28th day of the 7th month'')<!--NengoCalc 元和一年七月二十八日 -->: Ieyasu promulgated the ''Genna-rei'' in 17 clauses.<ref name="p317"/>
* '''June 1, 1616''' (''Genna 2, 17th day of the 4th month'')<!--NengoCalc 元和二年四月十七日  -->: Ieyasu died at [[Suruga Province|Suruga]].<ref name="t410"/>
* '''September 25, 1617''' (''Genna 3, 26th day of the 8th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 元和三年八月二十六日 -->: Former-[[Emperor Go-Yōzei]] died. He is buried at [[Nikkō]].<ref name="t410"/>
* '''1618''' (''Genna 4, 8th month''): A comet appeared in the sky.<ref name="t410"/>
* '''July 5, 1620''' (''Genna 6, 6th day of the 6th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 元和六年六月六日 -->: The emperor was married to [[Tokugawa Kazuko]], the daughter of Shōgun Hidetada; and also in that year.<ref>Ponsonby-Fane, p. 317; Titsingh, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PP9&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran#PRA1-PA410,M1  p. 410.]</ref>
* '''1620''' (''Genna 6''): There were severe fires in Mikayo on the 30th day of the 2nd month and on the 4th day of the 3rd month.<ref name="t410"/>
* '''September 10, 1622''' (''Genna 8, 5th day of the 8th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 元和八年八月五日 -->: the [[Great Genna Martyrdom]] — 55 foreign and Japanese [[Catholics]] are executed in [[Nagasaki]], part of the persecution of Christians in Japan by [[Tokugawa Hidetada]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Succi |first=Massimo |date=20 September 2022 |title=Japan: 400 years since the Great Genna Martyrdom, a 'testimony of love' |url=https://www.agensir.it/mondo/2022/09/20/japan-400-years-since-the-great-genna-martyrdom-a-testimony-of-love/ |website=[[Servizio Informazione Religiosa]]}}</ref>
* '''September 6, 1623''' (''Genna 9, 12th day of the 8th month'')<!-- NengoCalc 元和九年八月十二日 -->: the ''bakufu'' raised the Imperial maintenance allowance by 10,000 ''koku''.<ref name="p317"/>
* '''1623''' (''Genna 9''): [[Tokugawa Iemitsu]], son of Hidetada, came to the court of the emperor where he was created Shōgun.<ref name="t410"/>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia''. Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[Richard Ponsonby-Fane|Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon]]. (1956). ''Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794–1869''. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{OCLC|182637732}}
* [[Timon Screech|Screech, Timon]]. (2006). [https://books.google.com/books?id=BLzQA7cpr7wC&dq= ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822.''] London: [[RoutledgeCurzon]]. {{ISBN|978-0-203-09985-8}}; [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/65177072 OCLC 65177072]
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh, Isaac]]. (1834). ''[[Nihon Ōdai Ichiran]]''; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&dq=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  ''Annales des empereurs du Japon''].  Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691 OCLC 5850691].

==External links==
* [[National Diet Library]], "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = {{nihongo|[[Keichō]]|慶長}}
| title = [[Japanese era name|Era or ''nengō'']]<br>{{nihongo|Genna|元和}}
| years = 1615–1624
| after = {{nihongo|[[Kan'ei]]|寛永}}
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Japanese era name}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Genna}}
[[Category:Japanese eras]]
[[Category:1610s in Japan]]
[[Category:1620s in Japan]]
[[Category:17th-century neologisms]]