Editing Geode (processor)

{{Short description|Series of x86-compatible processor}}
{{other uses|Geode (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox CPU
| name                      = NSC Geode
| image                     = Geode GXLV233.jpg
| image_size                = 
| caption                   = NSC Geode GXLV 233 MHz
| produced-start            = 1999
| produced-end              = 
| slowest                   = 180
| fastest                   = 400
| slow-unit                 = MHz
| fast-unit                 = MHz
| fsb-slowest               = 30
| fsb-fastest               = 33
| fsb-slow-unit             = MHz
| fsb-fast-unit             = MHz
| size-from                 = 0.15 μm
| size-to                   = 0.35 μm
| soldby                    =
| designfirm                =
| manuf1                    = [[National Semiconductor]]
| core1                     = 
| sock1                     =[[Socket A]] 
| pack1                     = BGA
| brand1                    =
| microarch                 = 5x86
| arch                      = [[IA-32]]
| extensions                = [[MMX (instruction set)|MMX]], [[3DNow!]] (GX2)
| cpuid                     = 540h
| code                      =
| numcores                  = 1
| l1cache                   = 16 KiB unified (GXm/GXLV/GX1), 16 KiB instruction + 16 KiB data (GX2)
| predecessor               = Cyrix [[MediaGX]]
|sock2=BGA 481|sock3=BGA 396}}

'''Geode''' is a series of [[x86]]-compatible [[system-on-a-chip]] (SoC) [[microprocessor]]s and I/O companions produced by [[AMD]] that was targeted at the [[Embedded system|embedded computing]] market.

The series was originally launched by [[National Semiconductor]] as the '''Geode''' family in 1999. The original Geode processor core itself is derived from the [[Cyrix]] [[MediaGX]] platform, which was acquired in National's merger with Cyrix in 1997. AMD bought the Geode business from National in August 2003 to augment its existing line of embedded x86 processor products. Before acquiring Geode, AMD marketed the [[AMD Élan]], a family of 32-Bit embedded SoCs based on their own [[Am386]], [[Am486]] and [[Am586]] microprocessors. All of these products have been backed with a long-term supply guarantee to meet the needs of embedded processors. However, after acquiring Geode, the product was suddenly discontinued.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.heise.de/blog/Prozessorgefluester-288974.html |last1=Stiller |first1=Andreas |publisher=[[Heise (company)|Heise online]] |title=Prozessorgeflüster |date=25 August 2003 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ascii.jp/elem/000/000/648/648702/ |author=文● 大原雄介 |title=CPU黒歴史 組み込みへの無理解に翻弄されたElan＆Geode |publisher=ascii.jp |date=2011-11-14 |access-date=2022-11-15 |language=ja}}</ref>

AMD expanded the Geode series to two classes of processor: the MediaGX-derived Geode GX and LX, and the modern [[Athlon]]-derived Geode NX.

Geode processors are optimized for low power consumption and low cost while still remaining compatible with software written for the x86 platform. The MediaGX-derived processors lack modern features such as [[Streaming SIMD Extensions|SSE]] and a large on-die [[L1 cache]] but these are offered on the more recent Athlon-derived Geode NX. Geode processors tightly integrate some of the functions normally provided by a separate [[chipset]], such as the [[Northbridge (computing)|northbridge]]. Whilst the processor family is best suited for [[thin client]], [[set top box]] and [[Embedded system|embedded computing]] applications, it can be found in unusual applications such as the [[Nao (robot)|Nao robot]] and the [[Win Enterprises (WinPro IP-PBX)|Win Enterprise IP-PBX]].

The [[One Laptop per Child]] project used the GX series Geode processor in [[OLPC XO-1]] prototypes, but moved to the Geode LX for production.<ref>"[http://wiki.laptop.org/images/7/71/CL1A_Hdwe_Design_Spec.pdf CL1 Hardware Design Specification] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327210533/http://wiki.laptop.org/images/7/71/CL1A_Hdwe_Design_Spec.pdf |date=2014-03-27 }}". One Laptop per Child. 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2013-07-24.</ref> The [[Linutop]] (rebranded Artec [[ThinCan]] DBE61C or rebranded FIC ION603A) is also based on the Geode LX. [[3Com Audrey]] was powered by a 200&nbsp;MHz Geode GX1.

The SCxxxx range of Geode devices are a single-chip version, comparable to the [[Silicon Integrated Systems|SiS]] 552, [[VIA CoreFusion]] or Intel's [[Tolapai]], which integrate the CPU, memory controller, graphics and I/O devices into one package. Single processor boards based on these processors are manufactured by [[ThinCan|Artec Group]], [[PC Engines]] ([[Wireless Router Application Platform|WRAP]]), [[Soekris]], and [[Win Enterprises]].

AMD discontinued all Geode processors in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.avalue-tech.com/eol_document.aspx?gid=95|title=Update of Products Adopted AMD Geode LX800 Platform - Avalue|website=www.avalue-tech.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-20}}</ref>

== Features  ==
{{empty section|date=March 2023}} <!-- Template:AMD x86 CPU features was deleted per oldid=1142398499#Template:AMD_x86_CPU_features -->

== National Semiconductor Geode ==
===Geode GXm===
Rebranded Cyrix [[MediaGX]]m. Returns "CyrixInstead" on [[CPUID]].
* 0.35&nbsp;μm four-layer metal CMOS
* [[MMX (instruction set)|MMX]] instructions
* Core speed: 180, 200, 233, 266&nbsp;MHz
* 3.3&nbsp;V I/O, 2.9&nbsp;V core
* 16&nbsp;KB four-way set associative write-back unified (I&D) [[L1 cache]], 2 or 4&nbsp;KB of which can be reserved as I/O scratchpad RAM for use by the integrated graphics core (e.g. for bitblits)
* 30-33&nbsp;MHz PCI bus interconnect with CPU bus
* 64-bit [[SDRAM]] interface
* [[Static core|Fully static]] design
* CS5530 companion chip (implements sound and video functions)
* VSA architecture
* 1280×1024×8 or 1024×768×16 display

===Geode GXLV===
* Die-shrunk GXm
* 0.25&nbsp;μm four-layer metal CMOS
* Core speed: 166, 180, 200, 233, 266&nbsp;MHz
* 3.3&nbsp;V I/O, 2.2, 2.5, 2.9&nbsp;V core
* Typical power: 1.0&nbsp;W at 2.2&nbsp;V/166&nbsp;MHz, 2.5&nbsp;W at 2.9&nbsp;V/266&nbsp;MHz

===Geode GX1===
[[Image:Geode GX1 233.jpg|thumb|National Semiconductor Geode GX1, 233&nbsp;MHz]]
* Die-shrunk GXLV
* 0.18&nbsp;μm four-layer metal CMOS
* Core speed: 200, 233, 266, 300, 333&nbsp;MHz
* 3.3&nbsp;V I/O, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2&nbsp;V core
* Typical power: 0.8&nbsp;W at 1.8&nbsp;V/200&nbsp;MHz, 1.4&nbsp;W at 2.2&nbsp;V/333&nbsp;MHz
* 64-bit [[SDRAM]] interface, up to 111&nbsp;MHz
* CS5530A companion chip
* 60&nbsp;Hz VGA refresh rate

National Semiconductor/AMD SC1100 is based on the Geode GX1 core and the CS5530 support chip.

===Geode GX2===
Announced by National Semiconductor Corporation October, 2001 at Microprocessor Forum. First demonstration at [[COMPUTEX]] Taiwan, June, 2002.
* 0.15&nbsp;μm process technology
* [[MMX (instruction set)|MMX]] and [[3DNow!]] instructions
* 16&nbsp;KB Instruction and 16&nbsp;KB Data L1 cache
* GeodeLink architecture, 6&nbsp;[[gigabyte|GB]]/s on-chip bandwidth, up to 2&nbsp;GB/s memory bandwidth
* Integrated 64-bit PC133 SDRAM and [[DDR SDRAM|DDR266]] controller
* Clockrate: 266, 333, and 400&nbsp;MHz
* 33&nbsp;MHz PCI bus interconnect with CPU bus
* 3 PCI masters supported
* 1600×1200 24-bit display with video scaling
* CRT DACs and an UMA DSTN/TFT controller.
* Geode CS5535 or CS5536 companion chip

===Geode SCxx00 Series===
Developed by National Tel Aviv (NSTA) based on IP from Longmont and other sources.

Applications:
* The SC3200 was used in the [[Tatung Company|Tatung]] TWN-5213 CU.

== AMD Geode ==
[[File:AMD Geode LX 800@0.9W Processor (white background).jpg|thumb|AMD Geode LX 800 (500&nbsp;MHz, 0.9&nbsp;W) processor.]]
[[File:Alix.1C board with AMD Geode LX 800 (PC Engines).jpg|thumb|Alix.1C [[Mini-ITX]] embedded board with AMD Geode LX 800 together with [[Compact Flash]], [[miniPCI]] and PCI slots, 44-pin [[Integrated Drive Electronics|IDE]] interface and 256 MB RAM.]]

In 2002, AMD introduced the '''Geode GX''' series, which was a re-branding of the National Semiconductor GX2. This was quickly followed by the '''Geode LX''', running up to 667&nbsp;MHz. LX brought many improvements, such as higher speed DDR, a re-designed instruction pipe, and a more powerful display controller. The upgrade from the CS5535 I/O Companion to the CS5536 brought higher speed USB.

Geode GX and LX processors are typically found in devices such as [[thin clients]] and industrial control systems. However, they have come under competitive pressure from [[VIA Technologies|VIA]] on the x86 side, and [[ARM architecture|ARM]] processors from various vendors taking much of the low-end business.

Because of the relative performance, albeit higher [[Performance per watt|PPW]], of the GX and LX core design, AMD introduced the '''Geode NX''', which is an embedded version of the [[Athlon]] processor, K7. Geode NX uses the '''Thoroughbred''' core and is quite similar to the Athlon XP-M that use this core. The Geode NX includes 256 KB of level 2 cache, and runs fanless at up to 1&nbsp;GHz in the NX1500@6&nbsp;W version. The NX2001 part runs at 1.8&nbsp;GHz, the NX1750 part runs at 1.4&nbsp;GHz, and the NX1250 runs at 667&nbsp;MHz.

The Geode NX, with its strong FPU, is particularly suited for embedded devices with graphical performance requirements, such as information kiosks and [[casino]] gaming machines, such as video slots.

However, it was reported that the specific design team for Geode processors in [[Longmont, Colorado]], has been closed, and 75 employees are being relocated to the new development facility in [[Fort Collins, Colorado]]. It is expected that the Geode line of processors will be updated less frequently due to the closure of the Geode design center.<ref>[http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20060718220033.html X-Bit Labs report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024043447/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20060718220033.html |date=2007-10-24 }}, retrieved July 19, 2007</ref>

In 2009, comments by AMD indicated that there are no plans for any future microarchitecture upgrades to the processor and that there will be no successor; however, the processors will still be available with the planned availability of the Geode LX extending through 2015.<ref>[https://www.amd.com/us/products/embedded/product-guide-and-buy/Pages/proven-leadership-and-solutions.aspx AMD in Embedded: Proven Leadership and Solutions], retrieved May 24, 2010</ref><ref>{{citation|title=AMD sees no Geode chip replacement in sight|date=2009-01-26|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2530500/computer-hardware/amd-sees--no-geode-chip-replacement-in-sight.html}}</ref> In 2016 AMD updated the product roadmap announcing extension of last time buy and shipment for the LX series to 2019.<ref>{{citation|title=AMD Geode LX Processor Family:Longevity|url=https://www.amd.com/en-us/products/embedded/processors/lx#6}}</ref> In early 2018 hardware manufacturer [[congatec]] announced an agreement with AMD for a further extension of availability of congatec's Geode based platforms.<ref>{{citation|title=congatec partners with AMD for long-time support of AMD Geode processors|date=2018-01-16|url=https://www.pressebox.com/pressrelease/congatec-ag/congatec-partners-with-AMD-for-long-time-support-of-AMD-Geode-processors/boxid/888930}}</ref>

===Geode GX===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" | Model
! Clock rate
|-
! Core ([[Hertz|MHz]])
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode GX 466@0.9 W
| 333
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode GX 500@0.9 W
| 366
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode GX 533@0.9 W
| 400
|}

===Geode LX===
[[Image:AMD Geode LX 800 CPU.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|AMD Geode LX 800 (500&nbsp;MHz) CPU.]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" | Model
! Clock rate
! Power consumption
! [[Thermal Design Power|TDP]]
|-
! Core ([[Hertz|MHz]])
! colspan="2" | [[Watt|W]]
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode LX 600@0.7 W
| 366
| 1.2
| 2.8
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode LX 700@0.8 W
| 433
| 1.3
| 3.1
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode LX 800@0.9 W
| 500
| 1.8
| 3.6
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode LX 900@1.5 W
| 600
| 2.6
| 5.1
|}

Features:
* Low power
* Full x86 compatibility
* Processor functional blocks:
** CPU Core
** GeodeLink Control Processor
** GeodeLink Interface Units
** GeodeLink Memory Controller
** Graphics Processor
** Display Controller
** Video Processor
** Video Input Port
** GeodeLink PCI Bridge
** Security Block
*** 128-Bit [[Advanced Encryption Standard]] (AES) - (CBC/ECB)
*** True Random Number Generator

Specification:
* Processor frequency up to 600&nbsp;MHz (LX900), 500&nbsp;MHz (LX800) and 433&nbsp;MHz (LX700).
* Power management: ACPI, lower power, wakeup on SMI/INTR.
* 64K Instruction / 64K Data L1 cache and 128K L2 cache
* Split Instruction/Data cache/[[Translation Lookaside Buffer|TLB]].
* DDR Memory 400&nbsp;MHz (LX 800), 333&nbsp;MHz (LX 700)
* Integrated FPU with [[MMX (instruction set)|MMX]] and [[3DNow!]]
* 9 GB/s internal GeodeLink Interface Unit (GLIU)
* Simultaneous, high-res CRT and TFT (High and standard definition). VESA 1.1 and 2.0 VIP/VDA support
* Manufactured at a 0.13 micrometre process
* 481-terminal PBGA (Plastic [[Ball grid array]])
* GeodeLink active hardware power management

Applications:
* [[OLPC XO|OLPC XO-1]]

===Geode NX===
[[File:KL AMD Geode Thoroughbred.jpg|upright=.8|thumb|AMD Geode NX 1500.]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" | Model
! rowspan="2" | Fab ([[Nanometer|nm]])
! colspan="2" | Clock rate
! colspan="2" | [[CPU cache]] ([[Kilobyte|KB]])
! Power consumption
! [[Thermal design power|TDP]]
! rowspan="2" | Core operating [[voltage]] ([[Volt|V]])
|-
! Core ([[Hertz|MHz]])
! [[Front-side bus|FSB]] ([[Hertz|MHz]])
! L1
! L2
! colspan="2" | [[Watt|W]]
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode NX 1250@6 W
| rowspan="4" | 130
| 667
| rowspan="4" | 133
| rowspan="4" | 128
| rowspan="4" | 256
| rowspan="2" | 6
| rowspan="2" | 9
| 1.00
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode NX 1500@6 W
| 1000
| 1.10
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode NX 1750@14 W
| 1400
| 14
| 25
| 1.25
|-
! {{rh}} | Geode NX 2000<ref>[http://www.cpu-world.com/cgi-bin/CPUID.pl?CPUID=65788 ANXD2000FVC3F CPUID dump], retrieved March 5, 2019</ref>
| 1800
| ?
| ?
| 1.40
|}

Features:
* 7th generation core (based on Mobile [[Athlon#Mobile Athlon XP|Athlon XP-M]]).
* Power management: AMD PowerNow!, ACPI 1.0b and ACPI 2.0. 
* 3DNow!, MMX and SSE instruction sets
* 0.13&nbsp;μm (130&nbsp;nm) fabrication process 
* Pin compatibility between all NX family processors.
* OS support: Linux, [[Windows CE]], [[MS Windows XP]].
* Compatible with [[Socket A]] motherboards

==== Geode NX 2001 ====
[[File:KL AMD Geode NX 2001.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Geode NX 2001.]]
In 2007, there was a ''Geode NX 2001'' model on sale, which was a relabelled [[List of AMD Athlon XP microprocessors#Athlon XP .22Thoroughbred A.2FB.22 .28Model 8.2C 130 nm.29|Athlon XP 2200+ Thoroughbred]]. The processors, with part numbers AANXA2001FKC3G or ANXA2001FKC3D, their specifications are 1.8&nbsp;GHz clock speed, and 1.65 volt core operating voltage. The power consumption is 62.8 Watt. There are no official references to this processor except officials explaining that the batch of CPUs were "being shipped to specific customers", though it is clear it is a desktop Athlon XP CPU core instead of the Mobile [[Athlon#Mobile Athlon XP|Athlon XP-M]] derived Thoroughbred cores of the other Geode NX CPUs, and thus doesn't feature embedded application specific thermal envelope, power consumption and power management features. This kind of "badge engineering" of a particular CPU to accommodate a request for a desktop class chip from an OEM which merely wants to maintain brand recognition and association with the GeodeNX CPUs in its products, but the actual end-product application doesn't necessitate the advanced power and thermal optimization of the GeodeNX CPU's, is understandable, as re-labeling a part in a product catalog, is practically free and the processors do share the same CPU socket ([[Socket A]]).<ref>[http://fab51.com/mobile/tbred/geode_nx2001-e.html Fab51.com information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100124023734/http://fab51.com/mobile/tbred/geode_nx2001-e.html |date=2010-01-24 }}, retrieved January 22, 2008</ref>
{{clear}}

==Chipsets for Geode==

#NSC Geode CS5530A Southbridge for Geode GX1.
#NSC/AMD Geode CS5535 Southbridge for Geode GX(2) and Geode LX (USB 1.1). Integrates four USB ports, one ATA-66 UDMA controller, one Infrared communication port, one [[AC'97]] controller, one [[System Management Bus|SMBUS]] controller, one [[Low Pin Count|LPC]] port, as well as GPIO, Power Management, and legacy functional blocks.
#AMD Geode CS5536 Southbridge for Geode GX and Geode LX (USB 2.0). Power consumption: 1.9 W (433&nbsp;MHz) and 2.4 W (500&nbsp;MHz). This chipset is also used on PowerPC board (Amy'05).
#Geode NX processors are "100 percent socket and chipset compatible" with AMD's [[Socket A]] Athlon XP processors: SIS741CX Northbridge and SIS 964 Southbridge, VIA KM400 Northbridge and VIA VT8235 Southbridge, VIA KM400A Northbridge and VIA VT8237R Southbridge and other Socket A chipsets.

== See also ==
*[[Cyrix 5x86]]
*[[Wireless Router Application Platform]] – WRAP
*[[3Com Audrey]]
*[[Koolu]]
*[[Linutop]]
*[[Netbook]]
*[[MediaGX]]
*[[Sony eVilla]]
*[[ThinCan]]
*[[Virgin Webplayer]]
*[[PC/104]]
*[[Intel Atom]]
*[[VIA Nano]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041010210023/http://www.amd.com/us-en/ConnectivitySolutions/ProductInformation/0,,50_2330_9863,00.html?redir=CSPR07 AMD pages for Geode]
*[https://www.amd.com/us-en/ConnectivitySolutions/ProductInformation/0,,50_2330_9863_13022,00.html AMD Geode LX800 product information]
*[https://www.amd.com/files/connectivitysolutions/geode/geode_lx/33234d_lx_ds.pdf AMD Geode LX Processors Data Book]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041205085048/http://www.national.com/news/item/0,1735,412,00.html National Semiconductor press release: Cyrix -> VIA, MediaGX -> Geode]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20041205083656/http://www.national.com/appinfo/solutions/ National Semiconductor press release: Geode sold to AMD]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070321043145/http://www.cpu-info.com/index2.php?mainid=html%2Fcpu%2FCxMGX.php CPU-INFO: Cyrix MediaGX, indepth processor history]
*[http://fab51.com/mobile/tbred/geode_nx-e12.html Voltage and P State information for Geode NX] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901070714/http://fab51.com/mobile/tbred/geode_nx-e12.html |date=2010-09-01 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060104130003/http://www.quixant.co.uk/hardware.php Quixant QX-10 Geode NX Motherboard for gaming applications]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511212850/http://soekris.com/ Soekris Engineering] sells embedded boards with Geode processors
*[http://www.pcengines.ch/alix.htm PC Engines ALIX] another embedded board with Geode LX processor
*[http://www.compulab.co.il/iglx/html/iglx-cm-datasheet.htm CM-iGLX ] the smallest Computer On Module based on Geode LX
*[http://www.fit-pc.com Fit-PC] full-featured end-user product based on the CM-iGLX PC-on-module above
*[http://www.artecgroup.com Artec Group ] manufactures products based on the Geode such as the [[ThinCan]].
*[http://troikang.com/ Troika NG ] PowerPC board using CS5536.

===Linux on Geode ===
*[http://www.larwe.com/technical/geode_linux.html Installing Linux on Geode-based Single-Board Computers]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090323022322/http://www.mowson.org/karl/evo_t20/ DEvoSL - DSL on Evo T20 HowTo]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061113024604/http://www.wlug.org.nz/CompaqEvoT20Notes Compaq Evo T20 Notes]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060603174613/http://www.bluetrait.com/archive/2005/08/07/installing-linux-2200-onto-the-ibm-netvista-n2200-8363 Installing Linux onto the IBM Netvista N2200]
*[http://www.da-cha.jp/casiopeia_fiva Linux on CASIO Cassiopeia Fiva]
*[http://www.da-cha.jp/geode Linux with Cyrix MediaGXm, NSC/AMD Geode GX]
*[http://www.pepper.com/linux/ Linux Development on the Pepper Pad 3] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209072356/http://www.pepper.com/linux/ |date=2006-12-09 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131227034601/http://www.docunext.com/wiki/to_organize/my-notes-on-patching-2.6.22-with-ocf.html Patching linux with OCF to hook into Geode's AES Security Block]
*[http://code.google.com/p/puspus Pus-pus] is a compact Debian-based distribution to run onto the IBM Netvista N2200
*[http://www.zeroshell.net/eng/ Zeroshell router/firewall appliance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627002113/http://www.zeroshell.net/eng/ |date=2009-06-27 }}

===NetBSD on Geode ===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070218121948/http://www.storagebuilder.com/amd/ Wasabi Systems] Certified NetBSD port and NAS software

{{AMD processors|Geode}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geode}}
[[Category:AMD x86 microprocessors]]
[[Category:Embedded microprocessors]]
[[Category:National Semiconductor microprocessors]]
[[Category:System on a chip]]