Editing George Poindexter

{{Short description|American politician (1779–1853)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name         = George Poindexter
|image        = GeorgePoindexter.jpg
|office       = [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]
|term_start   = June 28, 1834
|term_end     = November 30, 1834
|predecessor  = [[Hugh Lawson White]]
|successor    = [[John Tyler]]
|jr/sr1       = United States Senator
|state1       = [[Mississippi]]
|term_start1  = October 15, 1830
|term_end1    = March 3, 1835
|predecessor1 = [[Robert H. Adams]]
|successor1   = [[Robert J. Walker]]
|office2      = 2nd [[List of governors of Mississippi|Governor of Mississippi]]
|term_start2  = January 5, 1820
|term_end2    = January 7, 1822
|predecessor2 = [[David Holmes (politician)|David Holmes]]
|successor2   = [[Walter Leake]]
|state3       = [[Mississippi]]
|district3    = {{ushr|MS|AL|at-large}}
|term_start3  = December 10, 1817
|term_end3    = March 3, 1819
|predecessor3 = [[Cowles Mead]] (Delegate-elect)
|successor3   = [[Christopher Rankin]]
|office4      = Delegate to the<br>[[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Mississippi Territory]]'s [[Mississippi Territory's at-large congressional district|at-large]] district
|term_start4  = March 4, 1807
|term_end4    = March 3, 1813
|predecessor4 = [[William Lattimore]]
|successor4   = [[William Lattimore]]
|birth_date   = 1779
|birth_place  = [[Louisa County, Virginia]], U.S.
|death_date   = {{death date and age|1853|09|05|1779|04|19}}
|death_place  = [[Jackson, Mississippi]], U.S.
|party        = [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] (Before 1825)<br>[[Jacksonian democracy|Jacksonian]] (1825–1832)<br>[[National Republican Party|National Republican]] (1832–1834)<br>[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (1834–1853)
|spouse       = Lydia Carter<br>Agatha Chinn<br>Ann Hewes
}}

'''George Poindexter''' (1779 – September 5, 1853) was an American politician, lawyer, and judge from [[Mississippi]]. Born in Virginia, he moved to the Mississippi Territory in 1802. He served as United States Representative from the newly admitted state, was elected as Governor (1820–1822), and served as a [[United States senator]].

==Early life==
Poindexter was born in [[Louisa County, Virginia]] in 1779.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=15-16}} He was the son of Thomas Poindexter and Lucy (Jones) Poindexter;{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=15-16}} the Poindexters were a large Virginia family of French [[Huguenot]] and English ancestry.<ref name="Appleton">{{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Poindexter, George|year=1900}}</ref>  Poindexter received a sporadic education,<ref name="Appleton" /> primarily from studying under the tutelage of two of his brothers.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=19-20}} He was orphaned after his father died when Poindexter was 17; Poindexter inherited two enslaved people and a share of his father's land, residing with an older brother until he came of age.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=18-19}} The Poindexter family of Virginia frequently used the names George, Thomas, and John; as a result, their genealogy is difficult to trace.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=15-16}}  He may have been the uncle of Ohio abolitionist preacher [[James Preston Poindexter]], whose father was Joseph Poindexter, a journalist at the ''[[Richmond Examiner|Richmond Enquirer]]''.<ref>Simmons, Martha. Preaching with Sacred Fire: An Anthology of African American Sermons, 1750 to the Present. W. W. Norton & Company, 2010. p322-323</ref>

The exact details of Poindexter's legal studies are not known, but according to family tradition, Poindexter [[reading law|studied under practicing attorneys]], first in [[Kentucky]], and later in [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]].{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=21-22}}  He was [[Admission to the bar in the United States|admitted to the bar]] in 1800 and began to practice in Milton, an [[Albemarle County, Virginia|Albemarle County]] town along the [[Rivanna River]] which no longer exists.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=22}}

==Move to Mississippi==
[[File:George Poindexter 1808.jpg|thumb|left|George Poindexter, 1808]]
After moving to the [[Mississippi Territory]] in 1802, Poindexter set up his law practice in [[Natchez, Mississippi|Natchez]].{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=28}}  He soon became a friend of Governor [[William C. C. Claiborne]], and a leader in the local [[Democratic-Republican Party]].{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=63}} As a result, in 1803, he was appointed [[Mississippi Attorney General|Attorney General of the Territory]];{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=63}} he served until 1807,<ref>{{cite book |last=Trinity College |date=1942 |title=Historical Papers |volume=25-28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nxQAQAAIAAJ&q=%22attorney+general+of+mississippi+territory%2C+1803-1807%22 |location=Durham, NC |publisher=Trinity College Historical Society |page=181}}</ref> when he took up his duties as a member of the [[Mississippi House of Representatives|Territorial House of Representatives]], to which he had been elected in 1806.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=74-75}}  (He had been an unsuccessful candidate for the legislature in 1804.){{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=67}}

During Mississippi's early years, nearby areas were under Spanish control.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=75}} When tensions rose over Mississippi's expansion, and the Spanish threatened an attack, residents of [[Adams County, Mississippi|Adams County]] formed a militia;{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=75}} Poindexter was one of the main organizers of a company in Natchez, the Mississippi Blues; he was elected commander with the rank of [[Captain (United States O-3)|captain]].{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=75}}  No attack from Spain materialized, and the militia soon disbanded.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=75}}

When former [[Vice President of the United States|U.S. Vice President]] [[Aaron Burr]] appeared in Mississippi while traveling south as part of the [[Burr conspiracy]] in 1807, acting Governor [[Cowles Mead]] declared martial law, appointed Poindexter and [[William B. Shields]] as [[aide-de-camp|aides-de-camp]] on his military staff, and sent them to interview Burr and determine his intentions.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=76-77}}  When Burr was arrested, Poindexter conducted the prosecution until Burr escaped from custody.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=76-77}} Poindexter initially "refused to bring charges, on the ground that Burr had committed no crime within the jurisdiction."{{Sfnp|Abernethy|1949|p=12}} After Burr escaped, Governor [[Robert Williams (Mississippi politician)|Robert Williams]] returned from vacation at his home in North Carolina to personally take control of the situation;{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=80-81}} he criticized Mead and fired the militia officers Mead had appointed, including Poindexter.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=80-81}}

==Territorial delegate to Congress==
Poindexter was elected as a delegate to the [[United States House of Representatives]] from the Mississippi Territory; he served in the [[10th United States Congress|10th]], [[11th United States Congress|11th]] and [[12th United States Congress|12th Congresses]] (1807 to 1813).{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=84-85}}  As a delegate, Poindexter concentrated his efforts largely on questions germane to Mississippi, such as federal patronage, as well as advocating for Mississippi's admission to the United States.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=84-85}} Poindexter also worked to resolve and standardize land titles in Mississippi, where residents possessed deeds and grants from Spain, France, England, and the United States, due to the number of times the area had changed hands.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=104-106}}  He also opposed those who claimed the [[Yazoo lands]], but in 1810 the [[United States Supreme Court]]'s ruling in ''[[Fletcher v. Peck]]'', resolved the claims in their favor.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=107}}

Before leaving for [[Washington, DC]] to begin his duties, Mead informed Poindexter of disparaging comments Williams had made to Mead about Poindexter following Burr's escape.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=79-80}}  Poindexter responded by challenging Williams to a duel;{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=80-82}} Williams replied that he would admit to any comment Mead attributed to him, but that he would not "involve either his public or private character with such a man."{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=80-82}}  Poindexter responded by writing letters to the editor that made it appear that he had been wronged by Williams and was unable to obtain satisfaction, which had the effect of making Williams appear cowardly in the eyes of his constituents.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=80-82}}

Poindexter was in Richmond in October 1807 to testify at Burr's treason trial;{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=82-83}} his testimony suggested that Burr's arrest had been based on flimsy evidence, which probably played a part in Burr's acquittal.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=82-83}}

In 1811, Poindexter's outspoken opposition to the [[Federalist Party]] resulted in a [[duel]] with wealthy merchant and planter [[Abijah Hunt]].{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=114-115}}  Poindexter killed Hunt, but afterward, Poindexter's political opponents alleged that he had broken the [[code duello]] by firing at Hunt prematurely.<ref name="Appleton" />

[[File:Ten Dollars Reward Geo Poindexter.jpg|thumb|Poindexter offered a $10 reward for the recovery of Jim, who had been trafficked from Kentucky, was "bold and rather impertinent in conversation," and whose literacy would have enabled him to forge a [[slave pass]] (''Natchez Gazette'', August 4, 1813)]]

==Judgeship== 
Poindexter did not run for reelection in 1812; after his final term in Congress ended, he was appointed federal Judge for the Mississippi Territory and served from 1813 to 1817.<ref name="Appleton" />  Poindexter also served as a volunteer aide to [[William Carroll (Tennessee politician)|William Carroll]] as Carroll commanded a division of Tennessee militia at the [[War of 1812]]'s decisive 1814 [[Battle of New Orleans]].{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=129-130}}

==Beauty and Booty==
After the Battle of New Orleans, a Poindexter letter dated January 20, 1815, was published in the ''Mississippi Republican'', which claimed that Pakenham's troops had used "Beauty and Booty" as a [[Password#History|watchword]].{{sfn|Eustace|2012|pp=212}} This claim was republished in ''[[Weekly Register|Niles' Weekly Register]]'',<ref name=Poindexter>{{cite news|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5E-AAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA386 |last1=Poindexter |first1=George |author-link1=George Poindexter |title=From the Mississippi Republican-Extra, New Orleans, January 20th, 1815 |newspaper= Niles's Weekly Register |year=1815 |volume= 8 |pages=58–59 |quote=Beauty and Booty. Comment is unnecessary on these significant allusions held out to a licentious soldiery.}}</ref> the ''[[National Intelligencer]]'', and other newspapers.{{sfn|Eustace|2012|pp=213–215}} Political opponents and the editor of the ''Mississippi Republican'' challenged Poindexter's account based on Poindexter's supposed dereliction of duty on the day of the battle.{{sfn|Eustace|2012|pp=210–214}} In March 1815, Poindexter confronted the editor and was subsequently arrested for assault.{{sfn|Eustace|2012|pp=210–214}} The "beauty or booty" story had a profound effect on how the war was perceived and became central to contemporary accounts of Jackson's victory because it made the British appear to be degenerates bent on rape and plunder, while the Americans were depicted as benevolent and morally superior for the charity and medical aid they rendered to British troops after the fighting.{{sfn|Eustace|2012|pp=212}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Lohman |first=Laura |date=2020 |title=Hail Columbia!: American Music and Politics in the Early Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=itnBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA256 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=256 |isbn=978-0-1909-3061-5 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>

==House of Representatives==
Poindexter was chair of the committee appointed to draft a constitution for the new state of Mississippi. After its admission in 1817, he was elected to be the state's first representative in Congress.<ref name="Appleton" /> He served in the [[15th United States Congress|15th Congress]] from 1817 to 1819, when he chaired the [[United States House Committee on Natural Resources|Committee on Public Lands]]. During the course of the [[Rhea letter#1819 investigation|1819 Congressional investigation]] into Andrew Jackson's [[Seminole Wars|seizure of Florida]], Poindexter defended Jackson against Henry Clay's charges that Jackson's lawlessness was like the nascent despotism of Julius Caesar in Gaul, suggesting other, more favorable, comparisons instead: "Greece had her Miltiades, Rome her Bellisarius [sic], Carthage her Hannibal, and may we...profit by the example!"<ref>* {{Cite journal |last=Miles |first=Edwin A. |date=1968 |title=The Whig Party and the Menace of Caesar |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42623042 |journal=Tennessee Historical Quarterly |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=361–379 [363] |issn=0040-3261}}</ref>

[[File:Map of the Natchez District of Mississippi circa 1823.jpg|thumb|1823 map of the Natchez District, showing Poindexter's plantation near the boundary line]]

After that, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1820 to the [[17th United States Congress|17th Congress]] and in 1822 to the [[18th United States Congress|18th Congress]].

==Governor of Mississippi==
In 1819 Poindexter was elected the second [[List of Governors of Mississippi|Governor of Mississippi]] by a large margin, winning over 60% of the vote [[1819 Mississippi gubernatorial election|in the general election]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=233513 |title=Election Results, Mississippi Governor, 1819 |website=Our Campaigns.com |access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref> He served from 1820 to 1822.<ref name="NGA">{{cite web |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-poindexter/ |title=Biography, Gov. George Poindexter |website=NGA.org |date=January 10, 2012 |publisher=National Governors Association |location=Washington, DC |access-date=December 20, 2020}}</ref> During his time in office he oversaw a reorganization of the militia, the state created its first free public schools, state courts were reorganized, and [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]] was selected as the site for the state capital.<ref name="NGA"/>

==United States Senate==
Poindexter was appointed to the [[United States Senate]] in 1830 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of [[Robert H. Adams]] and served from 1830 to 1835. Soon after his appointment, he learned of the financial distress of [[Martha Jefferson Randolph]], whose father [[Thomas Jefferson]] had left an estate heavily encumbered by debt. Poindexter introduced a bill to grant Randolph 50,000 acres in Virginia, with the idea she could sell the land to raise money to live on. The bill failed to pass the Senate and was rejected by the two Virginia senators in 1831.<ref>[http://www.marcleepson.com/savingmonticello/excerpts/chap1.html Marc Leepson, Chap. One, "Stealing Monticello"], ''Saving Monticello: The Levy Family's Epic Quest to Rescue the House that Jefferson Built'', University of Virginia, 2001, accessed November 12, 2013</ref>

Poindexter served as chairman of the [[United States Senate Committee on Claims|Committee on Private Land Claims]] in the [[22nd United States Congress|22nd Congress]] from 1831 to 1833, of the [[United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources|Committee on Public Lands]] in the [[23rd United States Congress|23rd Congress]] from 1833 to 1835 and was [[President pro tempore of the United States Senate|President pro tempore of the Senate]] from June to November 1834.

Poindexter's tenure as chair of the Committee on Private Land Claims had been then considered moderately controversial. He had espoused some views that could be regarded as [[socialist]] regarding government repossession of land. Poindexter was thought to have made these claims to support President [[Andrew Jackson]]'s fight with the [[Second Bank of the United States]]. He was a supporter of President Jackson and had defended him against calls for [[censure]] stemming from Jackson's [[First Seminole War|1818 invasion of Florida]] (including the [[Arbuthnot and Ambrister incident]]), but had slowly become less happy with the President's policies.<ref name="Appleton" /> Poindexter accused Jackson of relying too heavily on the personal friends who became known as the Kitchen Cabinet as well as favoring personal friends and relations for government jobs, such as Jackson's planned appointment of his nephew [[Stockley D. Hays]] to a land office job in Mississippi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miles |first=Edwin A. |date=February 1958 |title=Andrew Jackson and Senator George Poindexter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2955285?origin=crossref |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=51 |doi=10.2307/2955285|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Poindexter was selected to be President pro temp of the Senate in 1834, but Jacksonians objected with one newspaper bringing up Poindexter's alleged drinking problem: "One editor said: 'This man...yet rank with the fumes of a low debauch, his step yet tottering, and his eyes rolling with a drunken leer, this man, all filth and vermon [sic], called, probably, from a brothel or a gin cellar, to the Senate Chamber, this man, they chose...to preside over the Senate of the United States.'"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miles |first=Edwin A. |date=1958 |title=Andrew Jackson and Senator George Poindexter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2955285 |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=51–66 |doi=10.2307/2955285 |issn=0022-4642|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

In 1834 Poindexter had his home in [[Washington, D.C.]] painted by [[Richard Lawrence (failed assassin)|Richard Lawrence]]. A deranged man, Lawrence came to believe that he was the ruler of England and the United States and that Jackson was a usurper. In January 1835, Lawrence attempted to shoot at Jackson using two pistols, which misfired. The assassination attempt occurred as Jackson attended a memorial service for a Congressman at the U.S. capitol and the first attempt to assassinate a president. Jackson accused various political enemies of being behind Lawrence's actions, including Poindexter, who denied any connection. Poindexter also took issue with Vice President [[Martin Van Buren]]'s support of Jackson during the debate over the Bank and made explicit threats that caused Van Buren to carry pistols for self-defense when presiding over the Senate. The accusations about Lawrence followed Poindexter back to Mississippi, and he was unsuccessful in running for a second term. Poindexter returned to Mississippi, embittered by these issues.<ref name="Appleton" />

==Retirement from politics==
In 1835, Poindexter moved to [[Kentucky]], where he continued practicing law in [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]]. He later moved back to [[Jackson, Mississippi]] and resumed his law practice until his death there on September 5, 1853. He was a gambler and an [[Alcoholism|alcoholic]], with alcohol dependence being a significant contributing factor to his death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1917-04-22 |title=Famous Mississippians George Poindexter by Col R W Banks |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-famous-mississippi/162931500/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |work=The Commercial Appeal |pages=46}}</ref> He was interred in [[Greenwood Cemetery, Mississippi|Greenwood Cemetery]] in Jackson.

==Personal==
In 1804 Poindexter married Lydia Carter (1789–1824),{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|page=66}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Charles Owen |date=1961 |title=The Genealogy of Several Allied Families: Frazer, Owen, Bessellieu, Carter, Shaw, Wright, Landfair, Briggs, Neill, Tidwell, Johnson, and Others |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LSFWAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Lydia+Carter+wife+Lewis+Williams+died+on+August+28%2C+1824%22 |location=Gretna, LA |publisher=Pelican Publishing |page=465 |isbn=9781455604760 |ref={{sfnRef|''The Genealogy of Several Allied Families''}}}}</ref> the daughter of a prominent Natchez businessman and plantation owner.{{sfn|''The Genealogy of Several Allied Families''|page=465}}  They had two sons, George Littleton (or Lytleton) and Albert Gallatin.<ref>{{cite book |last=McCain |first=William David |date=1995 |title=The Journal of Mississippi History |volume=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zksTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22albert+gallatin%22 |location=Jackson, MS |publisher=Mississippi Department of Archives and History |page=204}}</ref>  They divorced after Poindexter publicly accused his wife of infidelity and claimed that their second child, whom he disavowed, was the product of an extramarital affair between his wife and their neighbor.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wyatt-Brown |first=Bertram |date=1994 |title=The House of Percy: Honor, Melancholy, and Imagination in a Southern Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=swtTqxjN8nwC&pg=PA73 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=73 |isbn=978-0-19-505626-6}}</ref> In 1820 Lydia Carter Poindexter married Reverend Lewis Williams and moved to [[Brimfield, Massachusetts]].{{sfn|''The Genealogy of Several Allied Families''|page=465}}  Her sons remained with her;{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=134-135}} Poindexter provided for the support of George, but disavowed Albert and refused to provide for him.{{sfn|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''|pages=134-135}}

In 1816 Poindexter married Agatha Ball Chinn (1794–1822). They had one son who died of yellow fever as a child while Poindexter was Governor, and Agatha Poindexter died soon afterward.

He was said to have a serious, potentially non-consensual liaison with an enslaved woman.

When several years before, Representative [[Richard Mentor Johnson]] of Kentucky was criticized for his common-law marriage with Julia Chinn, an enslaved woman; he said, "Unlike [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]], Clay, Poindexter and others, I married my wife under the eyes of God, and apparently He has found no objections."<ref name="burke">Henry Robert Burke. [http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/HRB_RMJ.HTM  Richard Mentor Johnson: "Window to the Past"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112155915/http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/HRB_RMJ.HTM |date=November 12, 2013 }}, Lest We Forget Communications. Retrieved on January 3, 2008.</ref>

Historian Burke has written,
<blockquote>During slavery times, there was no particular stigma attached to the fact that many southern plantation owners, along with their white [[Slavery in the United States#Efficiency of slaves|overseers]], often fathered [[mulatto]] children born of black slave women. As long as the white father denied the facts, the customs that created [[miscegenation]] were usually overlooked by Southern society.<ref name="burke"/></blockquote>

Johnson violated the norms by acknowledging Chinn as his wife and their daughters as his, plus trying to introduce his daughters to "polite society".<ref name="burke"/>

Poindexter reportedly had a strong physical resemblance to [[Henry Clay]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Miles |first=Edwin A. |date=1958 |title=Andrew Jackson and Senator George Poindexter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2955285 |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=51–66 |doi=10.2307/2955285 |issn=0022-4642|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{Rp|page=53}} He married his third wife, Ann Hewes of Boston, in 1832.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=54}}

== Historiography ==
According [[Charles S. Sydnor]], arguably the dean of early 20th-century Mississippi historians, the historical works of [[John Francis Hamtramck Claiborne|J. F. H. Claiborne]] are essential references for the history of the state but are also riddled with bias against historic enemies of his powerful family and against virtually every notable Mississippi Whig politician. Per Sydnor, Claiborne "was generous in the number of pages allotted to George Poindexter, [but] his treatment of him was harsh and at times grossly unfair."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sydnor |first=Charles S. |date=May 1937 |title=Historical Activities in Mississippi in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2191879?origin=crossref |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=3 |issue=2 |doi=10.2307/2191879|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{Rp|pages=58–59}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite journal |last=Abernethy |first=Thomas Perkins |author-link=Thomas Perkins Abernethy |date=1949 |title=Aaron Burr in Mississippi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2198070 |journal=The Journal of Southern History |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=9–21 |doi=10.2307/2198070 |jstor=2198070 |issn=0022-4642|url-access=subscription }}
* {{cite book |last=Eustace |first=Nicole |year=2012 |title=1812: War and the Passions of Patriotism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZvqRSvr1mwC&printsec=frontcover |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0-81-220636-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Poindexter |first=George  |year=1929 |orig-year=1815 |title=To the Public "A Villain's Censure Is Extorted Praise" |series=A refutation of the calumnies, circulated...by a certain Samuel Brown, and a few unprincipled confederates. Dated Lexington, August 14, 1815; Defense against charges of cowardice at the battle of New Orleans, corruption in office, etc. |url=https://llmc.com/titledesc.aspx?set=00202t |via=llmc.com |url-access=subscription |quote=This document present evidence against the judge and in protesting Poindexter's animosity against the author, Samuel Brown, as well as supporting the list on the judge's behavior. (Digitized from a microfilm copy of titles originally held by the University of North Carolina Library). |oclc=1191844050}}
* {{cite book |last=Swearingen |first=Mack Buckley |date=1934 |title=The Early Life of George Poindexter: A Story of the First Southwest |url=https://archive.org/stream/earlylifeofgeorg00swea#page/n1/mode/2up |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=University of Chicago Libraries |ref={{sfnRef|''The Early Life of George Poindexter''}}}}

==External links==
*{{Findagrave|8004364}}
{{CongBio|P000402}}

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{{s-bef|before=[[William Lattimore]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Delegate to the [[List of United States Representatives from Mississippi|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from the [[Mississippi Territory's at-large congressional district]]|years=1807–1813}}
{{s-aft|after=[[William Lattimore]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Cowles Mead]]<br>Elect|as=U.S. Delegate}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Mississippi|U.S. House of Representatives]]<br>from [[Mississippi's at-large congressional district]]|years=1817–1819}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Christopher Rankin]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas B. Robertson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Natural Resources|House Public Lands Committee]]|years=1818–1819}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Richard Clough Anderson Jr.|Richard Anderson]]}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[David Holmes (politician)|David Holmes]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republican]] nominee for [[List of governors of Mississippi|Governor of Mississippi]]|years=1819}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[David Holmes (politician)|David Holmes]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of governors of Mississippi|Governor of Mississippi]]|years=1820–1822}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Hugh Lawson White]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President pro tempore of the United States Senate]]|years=1834}}
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{{s-bef|before=[[Robert H. Adams]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States senators from Mississippi|U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Mississippi]]|years=1830–1835|alongside=[[Powhatan Ellis]], [[John Black (U.S. senator)|John Black]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Robert J. Walker]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Elias Kane]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Chair of the [[United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources|Senate Public Lands Committee]]|years=1833–1835}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Thomas Ewing]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Mississippi}}
{{USSenMS}}
{{SenEnergyCommitteeChairmen}}
{{US House Natural Resources chairs}}
{{USSenPresProTemp}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poindexter, George}}
[[Category:1779 births]]
[[Category:1853 deaths]]
[[Category:American duellists]]
[[Category:American people of the War of 1812]]
[[Category:Baptists from Kentucky]]
[[Category:Baptists from Mississippi]]
[[Category:Baptists from Virginia]]
[[Category:Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi Territory]]
[[Category:Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Democratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States]]
[[Category:Democratic-Republican Party United States senators]]
[[Category:Governors of Mississippi]]
[[Category:Kentucky lawyers]]
[[Category:Lawyers from Jackson, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Members of the Mississippi House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Members of the Mississippi Territorial Legislature]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi]]
[[Category:Mississippi attorneys general]]
[[Category:Mississippi Democratic-Republicans]]
[[Category:Mississippi Territory judges]]
[[Category:Politicians from Albemarle County, Virginia]]
[[Category:People from Louisa County, Virginia]]
[[Category:People from Natchez, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jackson, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Politicians from Lexington, Kentucky]]
[[Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate]]
[[Category:United States senators from Mississippi]]
[[Category:Virginia lawyers]]
[[Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves]]
[[Category:United States senators who owned slaves]]
[[Category:19th-century members of the United States House of Representatives]]
[[Category:19th-century United States senators]]