Editing Godfrey–Milliken Bill

{{Infobox legislation
|short_title         = American Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Loyalty) Act <br> (Godfrey–Milliken Bill)
|legislature         = 
|image               = 
|imagesize           = 
|imagealt            = 
|caption             = 
|long_title          = An Act to permit descendants of United Empire Loyalists who fled the land that later became the United States of America after the 1776 American Revolution to establish a claim to the property they or their ancestors owned in the United States that was confiscated without compensation, and claim compensation for it in the Canadian courts, and to exclude from Canada any foreign person trafficking in such property
|citation            = 
|considered_by       = [[Parliament of Canada]]
|bill                = C-339
|bill_citation       = 
|bill_date           = 
|introduced_by       = [[Peter Milliken]]<br>[[John Godfrey]]
|1st_reading         = October 22, 1996
|2nd_reading         = 
|3rd_reading         = 
|committee_report    = 
|bill2               = 
|bill_citation2      = 
|bill_date2          = 
|introduced_by2      = 
|1st_reading2        = 
|2nd_reading2        = 
|3rd_reading2        = 
|committee_report2   = 
|white_paper         = 
|amendments          = 
|repeals             = 
|related_legislation = 
|summary             = 
|keywords            = 
|status              = not passed
}}

The '''Godfrey–Milliken Bill''', also called the '''American Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Loyalty) Act''',<ref>{{cite book|last1=Craig|first1=William|title=Yankee come home: On the road from San Juan Hill to Guantánamo|date=2012|publisher=Walker & Company|location=New York|isbn=9780802777928|page=[https://archive.org/details/yankeecomehomeon0000crai/page/148 148]|url=https://archive.org/details/yankeecomehomeon0000crai|url-access=registration|language=en|quote=Canada's Parliament even considered a parody bill, the American Liberty and Democratic Solidarity (Loyalty) Act}}</ref> was a [[private member's bill]] introduced in the [[Canadian parliament]] by [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] [[Member of Parliament|MPs]] [[Peter Milliken]] and [[John Godfrey]].  The bill was intended as a parody of the American [[Helms–Burton Act]].<ref name=nyt>{{cite news|last1=Farnsworth|first1=Clyde H.|title=In Canadians' Retort on Trade, Politics of the Absurd|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/28/world/in-canadians-retort-on-trade-politics-of-the-absurd.html|accessdate=December 11, 2017|work=New York Times|date=July 28, 1996}}</ref>

The Helms–Burton Act set up stringent punishments on any business or person that profited from property of American businesses and people that had been seized in the [[Cuban Revolution]].  The bill included a policy of punishing foreign nations and companies who had profited from this seized property (which in practice means trading with [[Cuba]] at all, since everything in Cuba is in some way connected to such property). This included a number of Canadian companies.

The 1996 bill responded by calling for descendants of [[United Empire Loyalists]] who fled the [[American Revolution]] to be able to reclaim land and property that was confiscated by the American government. The bill would have also allowed the Canadian government to exclude corporate officers, or controlling shareholders of companies that possess property formerly owned by Loyalists, as well as the spouse and minor child of such persons from entering Canada. In total some three million Canadians are descendants of United Empire Loyalists, including Milliken and Godfrey.  The current value of the land and property seized during the American Revolution is many billions of dollars.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

The bill received widespread attention in Canada and also some publicity in the United States,<ref name=nyt /> including a feature on ''[[60 Minutes]]''.

The Godfrey–Milliken Bill did not become law.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wylie|first1=Lana|title=Perceptions of Cuba: Canadian and American policies in comparative perspective|date=2010|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|isbn=9781442685826|quote=The Godfrey–Milliken Bill, though never passed, was written in retaliation for an American measure designed to hamper other countries from investing in Cuba.}}</ref> Milliken later supported Bill C-54 to amend the [[Foreign Extraterritorial Measures Act]] which effectively neutralized any attempt to enforce the Helms–Burton Act on Canadians or Canadian companies.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arreola|first1=Antroy A.|title=Who's isolating whom? Title III of the Helms-Burton Act and compliance with international law|journal=Houston Journal of International Law|date=1998|volume=20|issue=2|pages=353–378|url=http://www.hjil.org/articles/hjil-20-2-arreola.pdf|access-date=2014-11-01|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030607/http://www.hjil.org/articles/hjil-20-2-arreola.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The amendments blocked access to Canadian records for the prosecution of any case under the Helms–Burton Act, allowed the Attorney General to block Canadian courts from enforcing judgments emanating from US jurisdictions against Canadian defendants, permitted Canadian defendants to counter-sue in Canadian courts, and imposed a $1.5 million fine (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|1.5|1996|r=2}}&nbsp;million in {{Inflation-year|CA}}) to any Canadian entity that aided any prosecution under Helms–Burton.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deonandan|first1=Kalowatie|title=The Helms-Burton Bill and Canada's Cuba policy: Convergences with the US|journal=Policy and Society|date=2005|volume=24|issue=1|pages=124–149|doi=10.1016/S1449-4035(05)70052-7|s2cid=153413999}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Cuba}}
* [[Canada–Cuba relations]]
* [[Canada–Caribbean relations]]
* [[Canada–Latin America relations]]
* [[Cuban Canadian]]
* [[Foreign relations of Canada]]
* [[Foreign relations of Cuba]]
* [[United States embargo against Cuba]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*  [https://web.archive.org/web/20130618072721/http://web.textfiles.com/politics/NWO/nwo_0012.txt The text of the Godfrey-Milliken Bill (C-339)]*  [http://www.parl.gc.ca/35/2/parlbus/chambus/house/bills/government/C-54/C-54_4/C-54TOCE.html The text of Bill C-54]
*  [https://web.archive.org/web/20050506003647/http://johngodfrey.on.ca/pages/Spfexm.htm Parliamentary record of John Godfrey's co-sponsorship of C-54]
*[http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43b/080.html The Godfrey–Milliken Bill – A Canadian response to the Helms–Burton Law], Sam Boskey, October 29, 1996

{{DEFAULTSORT:Godfrey-Milliken Bill}}
[[Category:1996 in Canadian law]]
[[Category:Proposed laws of Canada]]
[[Category:Boycotts of Cuba]]
[[Category:35th Canadian Parliament]]
[[Category:Canada–Cuba relations]]
[[Category:Canada–United States relations]]