Editing Goethe's Faust

{{short description|Play by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe}}
{{About|the 19th-century work by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe||Faust (disambiguation)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Goethe's ''Faust''}}
[[File:Auerbachs Keller.JPG|thumb|Sculpture of Mephistopheles bewitching the students in the scene "Auerbachs Keller" from ''Faust'', at the entrance of what is today the restaurant [[Auerbachs Keller]] in Leipzig]]
[[File:Anton Kaulbach Faust und Mephisto.jpg|thumb|[[Anton Kaulbach]]: ''Faust and Mephisto'']]
'''''Faust''''' ({{IPAc-en|f|aʊ|s|t}} {{respell|FOWST}}, {{IPA|de|faʊst|lang|de-Faust.ogg}}) is a [[tragedy|tragic]] [[Play (theatre)|play]] in two parts by [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], usually known in English as ''[[Faust, Part One]]'' and ''[[Faust, Part Two]]''. Nearly all of Part One and the majority of Part Two are written in rhymed verse. Although rarely staged in its entirety, it is the play with the largest audience numbers on German-language stages. ''Faust'' is considered by many to be Goethe's ''[[Masterpiece|magnum opus]]'' and the greatest work of [[German literature]].<ref>{{cite book |title= The Greatest Books in the World: Interpretative Studies |last=Portor |first=Laura Spencer |author-link=Laura Spencer Portor Pope |year=1917 |publisher=Chautauqua Press |location= Chautauqua, New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/greatestbooksin00unkngoog/page/n95 82] |url=https://archive.org/details/greatestbooksin00unkngoog }}</ref>

The earliest forms of the work, known as the ''{{ill|Urfaust|de}}'', were developed between 1772 and 1775; however, the details of that development are not entirely clear. ''Urfaust'' has twenty-two scenes, one in prose, two largely prose and the remaining 1,441 lines in rhymed verse. The manuscript is lost, but a copy was discovered in 1886.<ref>{{cite book|title=Goethe's Plays|author=Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|others=translated and introductions by Charles E. Passage|publisher=[[Ernest Benn Limited]]|year=1980|isbn=978-0510000875}}</ref>

The first appearance of the work in print was ''Faust, a Fragment'', published in 1790. Goethe completed a preliminary version of what is now known as ''Part One'' in 1806. Its publication in 1808 was followed by the revised 1828–29 edition, the last to be edited by Goethe himself.

Goethe finished writing ''Faust, Part Two'' in 1831; it was [[List of works published posthumously|published posthumously]] the following year. In contrast to ''Faust, Part One'', the focus here is no longer on the [[soul]] of Faust, which has been sold to the [[devil]], but rather on social phenomena such as [[psychology]], [[history]] and [[politics]], in addition to mystical and philosophical topics. The second part formed the principal occupation of Goethe's last years.

==Nomenclature==
The original 1808 German title page of Goethe's play read simply: "Faust. / Eine Tragödie" ("Faust. / A Tragedy"). The addition of "erster Teil" (in English, "Part One") was retroactively applied by publishers when the sequel was published in 1832 with a title page which read: "Faust. / Der Tragödie zweiter Teil" ("Faust. / The Tragedy's Second Part").

The two plays have been published in English under a number of titles, and are usually referred to as ''Faust'', Parts One and Two.

==''Faust, Part One''==
[[File:Faust I (Goethe) 001.jpg|thumb|''Faust I'', first edition, 1808]]
{{main|Faust, Part One}}
The principal characters of ''Faust Part One'' include:

* Heinrich Faust (see also [[Faust]]), a scholar, sometimes said to be based on [[Johann Georg Faust]], or on [[Jacob Bidermann]]'s dramatized account of the ''Legend of the Doctor of Paris'', ''[[Cenodoxus]]''
* [[Mephistopheles]], the [[Devil]]
* Gretchen, Faust's love (short for Margarete; Goethe uses both forms)
* Marthe Schwerdtlein, Gretchen's neighbour
* Valentin, Gretchen's brother
* Wagner, Faust's attendant

''Faust, Part One'' takes place in multiple settings, the first of which is [[Heaven]]. Mephistopheles (Satan) makes a bet with God: he says that he can lure one of God's servants, Faust, who is striving to learn everything that can be known, away from righteous pursuits. The next scene takes place in Faust's study where the aging scholar, struggling with what he considers the vanity and uselessness of scientific, humanistic, and religious learning, turns to [[Magic (supernatural)|magic]] for the showering of infinite knowledge. He suspects, however, that his attempts are failing. Frustrated, he ponders [[suicide]], but rejects it as he hears the echo of nearby [[Easter]] celebrations begin. He goes for a walk with his assistant Wagner and is followed home by a stray [[poodle]].

In Faust's study, the poodle transforms into Mephistopheles, dressed as a travelling student who refuses to give his name. He reveals to Faust that although the misshapen [[pentagram]] carved into Faust's doorway has allowed him to enter, he cannot leave. Faust is surprised that Mephistopheles is bound by mystical laws, and from this reasons that he could make a pact. Mephistopheles says that he is willing to make a deal but wishes to leave for the night. Faust refuses to release him because he believes it would be impossible for him to catch Mephistopheles again. Mephistopheles then tricks him into permitting a demonstration of his power; Faust falls asleep listening to the song of the spirits, allowing Mephistopheles to escape by calling upon rats to chew away the pentagram.

The next morning Mephistopheles returns. He tells Faust that he wishes to serve him in life, and in return Faust must serve him in the afterlife. Faust is willing to accept but is concerned that accepting the services of Mephistopheles will bring him to ruin. To avoid this fate, Faust makes a wager: if Mephistopheles can grant Faust an experience of transcendence on Earth—a moment so blissful that he wishes to remain in it forever, ceasing to strive further—then he will instantly die and serve the Devil in [[Hell]]. Mephistopheles accepts the wager.

When Mephistopheles tells Faust to sign the pact with blood, Faust complains that Mephistopheles does not trust Faust's word of honour. In the end, Mephistopheles wins the argument and Faust signs the contract with a drop of his own blood. Faust has a few excursions and then meets Margaret (also known as Gretchen). He is attracted to her and with jewellery and with help from a neighbour, Marthe, Mephistopheles draws Gretchen into Faust's arms. With Mephistopheles' aid, Faust seduces Gretchen. Gretchen's mother dies from a sleeping [[potion]], administered by Gretchen to obtain privacy so that Faust could visit her. Gretchen discovers she is pregnant. Gretchen's brother condemns Faust, challenges him and falls dead at the hands of Faust and Mephistopheles. Gretchen drowns her illegitimate child and is convicted of the [[filicide|murder]]. Faust tries to save Gretchen from death by attempting to free her from prison. Finding that she refuses to escape, Faust and Mephistopheles flee the dungeon, while voices from Heaven announce that Gretchen shall be saved&nbsp;– "{{Lang|de|Sie ist gerettet}}"&nbsp;– this differs from the harsher ending of ''Urfaust''&nbsp;– "{{Lang|de|Sie ist gerichtet!}}"&nbsp;– "she is condemned."

==''Faust, Part Two''==
[[File:Titelblatt Faust II 1832.jpg|thumb|''Faust II'', first edition, 1832]]
[[File:Faust (Goethe), Erstdruck 1832.jpg|thumb|Cover of the first edition of ''Faust Part Two'', 1832]]
[[File:1876 'Faust' by Goethe, decorated by Rudolf Seib, large German edition 51x38cm, from Tamoikin Art Fund.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|1876 ''Faust'', large edition (51×38cm)]]
{{main|Faust, Part Two}}
Rich in classical allusion, in ''Part Two'' the romantic story of the first Faust is put aside, and Faust wakes in a field of fairies to initiate a new cycle of adventures and purpose. The piece consists of five acts (relatively isolated episodes) each representing a different theme. Ultimately, Faust goes to Heaven. He had lost his wager with Mephistopheles, that he would never seek to remain in a transcendental moment and have it prolonged forever. However, God had won his wager from the Prologue (and thus Faust's soul) as the transcendental moment was derived from his righteous pursuits. Angels, who arrive as messengers of divine mercy, declare at the end of Act V: "He who strives on and lives to strive / Can earn redemption still" (V, 11936–7).

==Relationship between the parts==
Throughout ''Part One'', Faust remains unsatisfied; the ultimate conclusion of the tragedy and the outcome of the wagers are only revealed in ''Faust, Part Two''. The first part represents the "small world" and takes place in Faust's own local, temporal milieu. In contrast, ''Part Two'' takes place in the "wide world" or ''macrocosmos''.

==Translations==
In 1821, a partial English verse translation of ''Faust'' (Part One) was published anonymously by the London publisher Thomas Boosey and Sons, with illustrations by the German engraver [[Moritz Retzsch]]. This translation was attributed to the English poet [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] by Frederick Burwick and James C. McKusick in their 2007 Oxford University Press edition, ''Faustus: From the German of Goethe, Translated by Samuel Taylor Coleridge''.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/faustus-from-the-german-of-goethe-9780199229680?|publisher=Oxford University Press|place=UK|title=Faustus: From the German of Goethe|date=4 October 2007|isbn=978-0-19-922968-0}}.</ref> In a letter dated 4 September 1820, Goethe wrote to his son August that Coleridge was translating ''Faust''.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3363528.ece | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719032616/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article3363528.ece | url-status=dead | archive-date=July 19, 2008 | location =London |newspaper=[[The Times]]| title=Coleridge and Goethe together at last | first=Kelly | last=Grovier|author-link=Kelly Grovier| date=February 13, 2008}}</ref> However, this attribution is controversial: [[Roger Paulin]], William St. Clair, and [[Elinor Shaffer]] provide a lengthy rebuttal to Burwick and McKusick, offering evidence including Coleridge's repeated denials that he had ever translated ''Faustus'' and arguing that Goethe's letter to his son was based on misinformation from a third party.<ref>{{citation | url = http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/4530/1/stc-faustus-review.pdf | title=A Gentleman of Literary Eminence |last=Paulin|first=Roger|author-link=Roger Paulin| date=2008|display-authors=etal}}.</ref>

Coleridge's fellow Romantic [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] produced admired<ref name="Kaufmann">{{cite book|last=Kaufmann|first=Walter|author-link=Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|title=Goethe's Faust : Part One and Sections from Part Two|year=1963|publisher=Doubleday|location=Garden City, New York|isbn=0-385-03114-9|page=47|edition=Anchor Books|chapter=Introduction}}</ref> fragments of a translation first publishing Part One Scene II in ''The Liberal'' magazine in 1822, with "Scene I" (in the original, the "Prologue in Heaven") being published in the first edition of his ''Posthumous Poems'' by [[Mary Shelley]] in 1824.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Thomas Hutchinson|title=Poetical works [of] Shelley|year=1970|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=London|isbn=0-19-281069-3|pages=748–762|edition=2nd}}</ref>

* In 1828, at the age of twenty, [[Gérard de Nerval]] published a French translation of Goethe's ''Faust''.
* In 1850, [[Anna Swanwick]] released an English translation of ''Part One''. In 1878, she published a translation of ''Part Two''. Her translation is considered among the best.<ref>{{Cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Swanwick, Anna |first=Elizabeth|last=Lee}}</ref>
* In 1870–71, [[Bayard Taylor]] published an English translation in the original [[Metre (poetry)|metres]]. This translation, which he is best known for, is considered one of the finest and consistently remained in print for a century.<ref>Rennick, Andrew. "Bayard Taylor" in ''Writers of the American Renaissance: An A to Z Guide''. Denise D. Knight, editor. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003: 354. {{ISBN|0-313-32140-X}}</ref>
* [[Calvin Thomas (linguist)|Calvin Thomas]]: ''Part One'' (1892) and ''Part Two'' (1897) for [[D. C. Heath and Company|D. C. Heath]].
* Alice Raphael: ''Part One'' (1930) for [[Jonathan Cape]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cNkcMwEACAAJ|title=Faust. A Tragedy ... Translated by Alice Raphael. With ... Woodcuts by Lynd Ward. (Second Printing.).|date=1930|publisher=Jonathan Cape & Harrison Smith|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Mori Ōgai]]: 1913 both parts into Japanese.
* [[Guo Moruo]]: ''Part One'' (1928) and ''Part Two'' (1947) into Chinese.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Pu Wang|title=The Translatability of Revolution: Guo Moruo and Twentieth-Century Chinese Culture|chapter=Introduction|pages=1–38|year=2018|doi=10.2307/j.ctvrs9065.7|jstor=j.ctvrs9065.7|s2cid=240301584}}</ref>
* Philosopher [[Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]] was also known for an English translation of ''Faust'', presenting Part One in its entirety, with selections from Part Two, and omitted scenes extensively summarized. Kaufmann's version preserves Goethe's metres and rhyme schemes, but objected to translating all of Part Two into English, believing that "To let Goethe speak English is one thing; to transpose into English his attempt to imitate Greek poetry in German is another."<ref name=Kaufmann />
* [[Carlyle Ferren MacIntyre|C. F. MacIntyre]]: ''Faust: An American Translation of Part I'' (1949) for New Directions.
* Phillip Wayne: ''Part One'' (1949) and ''Part Two'' (1959) for Penguin Books.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Montano|first=Rocco|date=1986-03-01|title=Hamlet, Don Quixote and Faust|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02118124|journal=Neohelicon|language=en|volume=13|issue=1|pages=229–245|doi=10.1007/BF02118124|s2cid=144618932|issn=1588-2810|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[Louis MacNeice]]: In 1949, the BBC commissioned an abridged translation for radio. It was published in 1952.

In August 1950, [[Boris Pasternak]]'s Russian translation of the first part led him to be attacked in the Soviet literary journal ''[[Novy Mir]]''. The attack read in part,
<blockquote>... the translator clearly distorts Goethe's ideas... in order to defend the [[reactionary]] theory of 'pure art' ... he introduces an aesthetic and individualist flavor into the text... attributes a reactionary idea to Goethe... distorts the social and philosophical meaning...<ref name="Olga">[[Olga Ivinskaya]], ''A Captive of Time: My Years with Pasternak'', 1978. pp. 78–79.</ref></blockquote>

In response, Pasternak wrote to [[Ariadna Efron]], the exiled daughter of [[Marina Tsvetaeva]]:
<blockquote>There was some alarm when my ''Faust'' was torn to pieces in ''Novy mir'' on the basis that supposedly the gods, angels, witches, spirits, the madness of poor Gretchen and everything 'irrational' was rendered too well, whereas Goethe's progressive ideas (which ones?) were left in the shade and unattended.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barnes|first=Christopher|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tle7SAlWFRkC|title=Boris Pasternak: A Literary Biography|volume=2: 1928–1960|date=2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52073-7|page=269}}</ref></blockquote>

* Peter Salm: ''Faust, First Part'' (1962) for [[Bantam Books]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JYwMzQEACAAJ|title=Faust, First Part|date=1962|publisher=Bantam|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Randall Jarrell]]: ''Part One'' (1976) for [[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]].
* [[Walter W. Arndt|Walter Arndt]]: ''Faust: A Tragedy'' (1976) for [[W. W. Norton & Company]].
*Stuart Atkins: ''Faust I & II, Volume 2: Goethe's Collected Works'' (1984) for Princeton University Press.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Williams|first=John R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzPNDwAAQBAJ|title=Goethe's Faust|date=2020-01-30|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-76114-6|language=en}}</ref>
* [[David Luke]]: ''Part One'' (1987) and ''Part Two'' (1994) for Oxford University Press.
* [[Martin Greenberg (poet)|Martin Greenberg]]: ''Part One'' (1992) and ''Part Two'' (1998) for Yale University Press.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300189698/faust/|access-date=3 January 2025|title=Faust|translator=Martin Greenberg|translator-link=Martin Greenberg (poet)|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=9780300189698}}; [{{Google Books|id=7VHwAwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}} at Google Books]</ref>
* John R. Williams: ''Part One'' (1999) and ''Part Two'' (2007) for Wordsworth Editions.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang von|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3OYDwAAQBAJ|title=The Essential Goethe|date=2018-06-12|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-18104-2|language=en}}</ref>
* [[David Constantine]]: ''Part One'' (2005) and ''Part Two'' (2009) for Penguin Books.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hewitt|first=Ben|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3S8rDwAAQBAJ|title=Byron, Shelley and Goethe's Faust: An Epic Connection|date=2017-07-05|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-57283-5|language=en}}</ref>
* [[Zsuzsanna Ozsváth]] and [[Frederick Turner (poet)|Frederick Turner]]: ''Part One'' (2020) for Deep Vellum Books, with illustrations by [[Fowzia Karimi]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Goethe|first=Johann Wolfgang van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUJTzQEACAAJ|title=Faust, Part One: A New Translation with Illustrations|date=2020-11-19|publisher=Deep Vellum Publishing|isbn=978-1-64605-023-9|language=en}}</ref>

==Historic productions==

===Part One===
*May 24, 1819: Premiere of selected scenes. [[Monbijou Palace|Castle Monbijou]], Berlin
*January 29, 1829: Premiere of the complete ''Part One''. [[Braunschweig]]
*In 1885, the Irish dramatist [[W. G. Wills]] loosely adapted the first part of ''Faust'' for a production starring [[Henry Irving]] as Mephistopheles and [[Ellen Terry]] as Margaret at the [[Lyceum Theatre, London]].
*In 1908, [[Stephen Phillips]] and [[J. Comyns Carr]] freely adapted the first part of ''Faust'' for a production at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]]. It starred [[Henry Ainley]] as Faust, [[Herbert Beerbohm Tree]] as Mephistopheles and [[Marie Lohr]] as Margaret.
*1960: [[Deutsches Schauspielhaus]], Hamburg: Directed by [[Peter Gorski]], and produced by [[Gustaf Gründgens]] (who also played Mephistopheles), with [[Will Quadflieg]] (Faust), Ella Büchi (Gretchen), [[Elisabeth Flickenschildt]] (Marthe), Max Eckard (Valentin), Eduard Marks (Wagner), Uwe Friedrichsen (Student). [[Faust (1960 film)|The film]] of this performance was very successful.
*1989: Fragments from ''Part One''. [[Piccolo Teatro di Milano]]: Director [[Giorgio Strehler]], scenographer [[Josef Svoboda]]
*October 26, 2006: [[Teatro Comunale Modena]], Italy: Directed by [[Eimuntas Nekrošius]]; complete playing length (with intervals): 4½ hours

===Part Two===
* 1990: Fragments from ''Part Two''. Piccolo Teatro di Milano: Director Giorgio Strehler, scenographer Josef Svoboda
* 2003 of Ingmar Thilo; with Antonios Safralis (Faust), Raphaela Zick (Mephisto), Ulrike Dostal (Helena), Max Friedmann (Lynceus), and others
* 2005 [[Michael Thalheimer]] at the [[Deutsches Theater (Berlin)|Deutsches Theater]], Berlin, with a.o. Ingo Hülsmann, Sven Lehmann, Nina Hoss and Inge Keller

===Entire piece===
*1938: World premiere of both parts, unabridged, at the ''[[Goetheanum]]'' in [[Dornach]], Switzerland
*July 22–23, 2000: The [[Expo 2000]] Hanover performance: Directed by [[Peter Stein (director)|Peter Stein]]; both parts in their complete version, with Christian Nickel and [[Bruno Ganz]] (the young and the old Faust), Johann Adam Oest (Mephistopheles), Dorothée Hartinger, Corinna Kirchhoff and Elke Petri. Complete playing length (with intervals): 21 hours

==In music and film==
* [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s song "Es war einmal ein König": Aus Goethes Faust, Op. 75, No. 3 (1809) 
* In 1814 [[Franz Schubert]] set a text from ''Faust'' Part&nbsp;I, scene 18 as "[[Gretchen am Spinnrade]]" ({{D.}} 118; [[Opus number|Op.]] 2). It was his first setting of a text by Goethe. Later [[Lied]]er by Schubert based on ''Faust'': {{D.|number=126}}, [[D. 367|367]], [[D. 440|440]] and [[D. 564|564]].<ref>[[Otto Erich Deutsch]], with revisions by [[Werner Aderhold]] and others. [https://archive.org/stream/FranzSchubert.ThematischesVerzeichnisSeinerWerkeInChronologischerFolge/SchubertDeutsch-verzeichnisDv#page/n107/mode/1up ''Franz Schubert, Thematisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke in chronologischer Folge'', p. 84] (''[[Neue Schubert-Ausgabe]]'' Series VIII Supplement, Volume 4). Kassel: [[Bärenreiter]], 1978. {{ISBN|9783761805718}}</ref>
* [[Robert Schumann]]'s secular [[oratorio]] ''[[Scenes from Goethe's Faust]]'' (1844–1853)
* [[Hector Berlioz]]'s "légende dramatique" ''[[La damnation de Faust]]'' (1846)
* [[Franz Liszt]]'s ''[[Faust Symphony]]'' (1857)<!-- Liszt's Mephisto Waltzes and his Mephisto Polka are not based on Goethe's Faust. -->
* [[Charles Gounod]]'s opera ''[[Faust (opera)|Faust]]'' (1859)
* [[Arrigo Boito]]'s opera ''[[Mefistofele]]'' (1868; 1875)
* [[Gustav Mahler]]'s [[Symphony No. 8 (Mahler)]] (1906) sets the text of the final scene of Faust Part II in its lengthy second movement.
* [[F. W. Murnau]]'s film ''[[Faust (1926 film)|Faust]]'' (1926) is based on older versions of the legend as well as Goethe's version.
* [[Havergal Brian]]'s opera ''Faust'' written in 1955–56.
* [[Peter Gorski]] directed [[Gustaf Gründgens]] in the 1960 film, ''[[Faust (1960 film)|Faust]]''.
* [[Brian De Palma]]'s 1974 musical/horror/comedy film ''[[Phantom of the Paradise]]'' blends the story of Faust with [[Gaston Leroux]]'s ''[[The Phantom of the Opera (novel)|The Phantom of the Opera]]''.
* The production is also briefly mentioned in Katja Ebatein's 1976 personality television show ''Katja and Co''.
* [[Randy Newman]]'s musical ''[[Randy Newman's Faust|Faust]]'' (1993)
* [[Jan Švankmajer]]'s film ''[[Faust (1994 film)|Faust]]'' (1994)
* {{ill|Rudolf Volz|de}}'s ''Rock Opera Faust'' with original lyrics by Goethe (1997)<ref>{{cite book|last=Malone|first=Paul M.|url=https://rudolf-volz.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Icons-of-Modern-Culture-Series-Faust.pdf|chapter='You'll always be the one you are.' ''Faust'' as Rock Opera|pages=263–275|title=Faust|series=Icons of Modern Culture Series|year=2004|publisher=Helm Information|location=Mountfield, East Sussex|isbn=978-1903206157|via=rudolf-volz.de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Maierhofer|first=Waltraut|chapter-url=https://rudolf-volz.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Music-in-Goethes-Faust.pdf|chapter=18. 'Devilishly good': Rudolf Volz's Rock Opera ''Faust'' and ''Event Culture''|pages=289–304|translator=Dan Farrelly|title=Music in Goethe's Faust, Goethe's Faust in Music|year=2017|editor=Lorraine Byrne Bodley|isbn=978-1-78327-200-6|via=rudolf-volz.de}}</ref>
* American metal band [[Kamelot]]'s CDs ''[[Epica (Kamelot album)|Epica]]'' (2003) and ''[[The Black Halo]]'' (2005) are based on ''Faust''.
* [[Alexander Sokurov]]'s film ''[[Faust (2011 film)|Faust]]'' (2011)
* American metal band [[Agalloch]]'s ''[[Faustian Echoes]]'' EP is directly based on Goethe's work and contains direct quotations from it.
* [[Philipp Humm]]'s modern art film ''[[The Last Faust]]'' (2019) is directly based on Goethe's ''Faust'' and is the first film made on Faust part I and part II.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/4a9403cc-110e-11ea-a7e6-62bf4f9e548a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/4a9403cc-110e-11ea-a7e6-62bf4f9e548a |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=The Last Faust: Steven Berkoff stars in Philipp Humm's take on Goethe|last=Feay|first=Suzi|date=2019-11-29|work=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=2019-12-31}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Books|Literature}}
* [[Deals with the Devil in popular culture]]
* [[Lawsuits against the Devil]]
* ''[[Mephistopheles and Margaretta]]'', sculpture
* [[Verse drama and dramatic verse]]
* [[Woland]], character in Bulgakov's novel ''[[The Master and Margarita]]''
* [[Works based on Faust]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikisourcelang|de|Faust – Der Tragödie erster Teil|''Faust&nbsp;– Der Tragödie erster Teil''|and [[:de:s:Faust - Der Tragödie zweiter Teil|'''''Faust&nbsp;– Der Tragödie zweiter Teil''''']]}}
{{Wikisource|Faust (Goethe)|''Faust'' (Goethe)}}
{{Wikiquote|Goethe's Faust}}
{{Commons category|Faust (Goethe)}}
* {{gutenberg|no=2229|name=Faust, Part 1}} (German)
* {{gutenberg|no=2230|name=Faust, Part 2}} (German)
* {{gutenberg|no=14591|name=Faust, Part 1}} (1912 English translation by [[Bayard Taylor]])
* {{Cite web|url=http://en.goethe-faust.org/|title=''Faust, Part 1 and 2'' (English translation from Project Gutenberg in a modern design)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303185625/http://en.goethe-faust.org/|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.einam.com/faust/index.html|title=''Faust'' full text in German and English side-by-side (translations: Priest, Brooks and Coleridge)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331154558/http://www.einam.com/faust/index.html|archive-date=2013-03-31|url-status=dead}}
* [https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3Agoethe%20title%3Afaust%20AND%20mediatype%3Atexts ''Faust''] available at the [[Internet Archive]], scanned illustrated books
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805202010/http://www.digbib.org/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe_1749/Faust_II ''Faust'', Part II] available at digbib.org (German)
* [https://archive.org/details/faustadramaticp00grangoog ''Faust'', Pt. 1] available at Google Books (1867 English translation by John Wynniatt Grant)
* [https://archive.org/details/faust01goetgoog ''Faust'', Pt. 1] available at Google Books (1908 English translation by [[Abraham Hayward]] with illustrations by [[Willy Pogany]])
* {{Cite journal | last=Kierans | first=Kenneth | title=''Faust'', Art, Religion | journal=[[Animus (journal)|Animus]] | year=2003 | volume=8 | url=http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/animus/Articles/Volume%208/kierans8.pdf | issn=1209-0689 | access-date=August 18, 2011 | ref=none | archive-date=October 3, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003192026/http://www2.swgc.mun.ca/animus/Articles/Volume%208/kierans8.pdf | url-status=dead }}
* {{librivox book | title=Faust | author=Johann Wolfgang von Goethe}} (multiple languages, including English)

{{Johann Wolfgang von Goethe}}
{{Faust}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Goethe's Faust| ]]
[[Category:1808 plays]]
[[Category:1832 plays]]
[[Category:Fiction about the Devil]]
[[Category:Encyclopedic and systems novels]]
[[Category:Epic poems in German]]
[[Category:German plays adapted into films]]
[[Category:Heaven in popular culture]]
[[Category:Plays adapted into ballets]]
[[Category:Plays adapted into operas]]
[[Category:Plays by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]
[[Category:Tragedy plays]]
[[Category:Walpurgis Night fiction]]