Editing Gordon Moore

{{Short description|American businessman (1929–2023)}}
{{other people}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image             = Gordon Moore 1978 (cropped).png
| caption           = Moore in 1978
| birth_name        = Gordon Earle Moore
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1929|1|3}}
| birth_place       = [[Pescadero, California|Pescadero]], [[California]], U.S.{{sfn|Thackray|2015|p=xvi}}
| death_date        = {{death date and age|2023|3|24|1929|1|3}}
| death_place       = [[Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii|Waimea, Hawaii]], U.S.
| predecessor = [[Robert Noyce]]
| successor   = [[Andy Grove]]
| known_for         = {{plainlist|
* [[Intel]]
* [[Moore's law]]
* [[Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]]
 }}
| awards            = {{plainlist|
* [[National Medal of Technology and Innovation|National Medal of Technology]] (1990)
* [[John Fritz Medal]] (1993)
* [[IEEE Founders Medal]] (1997)
* [[Computer History Museum]] Fellow (1998)<ref>{{cite web|title=Gordon Moore 1998 Fellow|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/|website=Computer History Museum|access-date=January 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108161213/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/|archive-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Othmer Gold Medal]] (2001)
* [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (2002)
* [[Perkin Medal]] (2004)<ref>{{cite web|title=SCI Perkin Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-perkin-medal|website=[[Science History Institute]]|access-date=March 24, 2018|date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=February 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130738/https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-perkin-medal|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Nierenberg Prize]] (2006)
* [[IEEE Medal of Honor]] (2008)
  }}
| fields            = {{plainlist|
* Entrepreneur
* [[Electrical engineering]]
  }}
| workplaces        = {{plainlist|
* [[Intel]]
* [[Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]]
* [[California Institute of Technology]]
* [[Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory]]
  }}
| alma_mater        = {{plainlist|
* [[San Jose State University]]
* [[University of California, Berkeley]] {{avoid wrap|([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])}}
* [[California Institute of Technology]] ([[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])
 }}
| thesis_title      = I. Infrared Studies of Nitrous Acid, The Chloramines and Nitrogen Dioxide<br />II. Observations Concerning the Photochemical Decomposition of Nitric Oxide
| thesis_url        = https://www.proquest.com/docview/302028299
| thesis_year       = 1954
| signature         = Gordon Moore wafer signature 2.jpg
}}

'''Gordon Earle Moore''' (January 3, 1929 – March 24, 2023) was an American businessman, engineer, and the [[Organizational founder|co-founder]] and emeritus chairman of [[Intel|Intel Corporation]]. He proposed [[Moore's law]] which makes the observation that the [[Transistor count|number of transistors]] in an [[integrated circuit]] (IC) doubles about every two years.<ref name="MooresLaw1965">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Gordon|title=Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits|journal=Electronics Magazine|date=April 19, 1965|volume=38|issue=8|pages=114–117}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| last1=Moore| first1=Gordon| s2cid=6519532| title=Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits (Reprint)|journal=Proceedings of the IEEE| date=January 1998| volume=86|issue=1| pages=82–85|doi=10.1109/jproc.1998.658762|url=http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs352h/papers/moore.pdf| access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=September 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926001037/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~fussell/courses/cs352h/papers/moore.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="dblp">{{DBLP|name=Gordon E. Moore}}</ref><ref name="ACM">{{ACM Portal|id=81542806056}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Moore|first=G. E.|s2cid=74187|author-link1=Gordon Moore|title=The microprocessor: Engine of the technology revolution|doi=10.1145/253671.253746|journal=Communications of the ACM| volume=40|issue=2| pages=112–114| year=1997|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Gordon Moore was born in 1929 as the second son of Walter Harold Moore (a sheriff in [[San Mateo County]]) and Florence Almira "Mira" Williamson (a homemaker).{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=15, 21-23}} When Moore started school in 1935, the faculty noted his introverted personality.{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=29-30}} His father accepted a promotion to deputy sheriff{{explain|reason=You just said he was the sheriff, so deputy sheriff wouldn't be a promotion|date=March 2025}} in 1938 and moved the family to [[Redwood City, California]].{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=33, 40-41, 52}} In 1940, Moore received a chemistry set as a Christmas gift, which inspired him to become a chemist.{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=44-45}} From 1942 to 1946, Moore studied at [[Sequoia High School (Redwood City, California)|Sequoia High School]], where he was involved in athletic activities.{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=46-48, 51}} From 1946 to 1947, Moore attended [[San Jose State University|San José State College (now San José State University)]], studying chemistry.{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=60-61}} He transferred to [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1948, taking courses from [[Glenn Seaborg]], [[Melvin Calvin]], and [[William Giauque]]. He graduated in 1950 with a [[Bachelor of Science]] degree in chemistry.{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=71, 79-80, 85}}<ref name="CHFOralHistory"/>

In September 1950, Moore enrolled at the [[California Institute of Technology]] ("Caltech"), where he would ultimately receive a Ph.D. in chemistry in 1954.<ref>{{cite thesis|degree=PhD|first=Gordon Earle|last=Moore|title=I. Infrared Studies of Nitrous Acid, The Chloramines and Nitrogen Dioxide II. Observations Concerning the Photochemical Decomposition of Nitric Oxide|publisher=California Institute of Technology|date=1954|author-link=Gordon Moore|id={{ProQuest|302028299}}}}</ref><ref name=CHFOralHistory>{{cite book|first1=David C.|last1=Brock| first2=Christophe| last2=Lécuyer| title=Gordon E. Moore and Jay T. Last, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by David C. Brock and Christophe Lécuyer at Woodside, California on 20 January 2006|date=January 20, 2006 |publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2503/1/June_11%2C_1954.pdf| title=California Institute of Technology Sixtieth Annual Commencement Exercises (Program)| date=June 11, 1954| publisher=Caltech Camps Publications| access-date=March 29, 2013|archive-date=October 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004233818/http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2503/1/June_11%2C_1954.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Dodson|first=Vannessa|title=Gordon and Betty Moore: Seeding the Path Ahead|url=http://one.caltech.edu/news/cu/Fall_03/moore|url-status=dead|journal=Campaign Update|issue=Fall 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150816203709/http://one.caltech.edu/news/cu/Fall_03/moore|archive-date=August 16, 2015|access-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref> Moore conducted [[postdoctoral research]] at the [[Applied Physics Laboratory]] at [[Johns Hopkins University]] from 1953 to 1956.<ref name=CHFOralHistory/>

==Scientific career==
===Fairchild Semiconductor Laboratory===
{{main|Traitorous eight}}
Moore joined [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] and Caltech alumnus [[William Shockley]] at the [[Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory]] division of [[Beckman Instruments]], but left with the "[[traitorous eight]]," when [[Sherman Fairchild]] agreed to back them and created the influential [[Fairchild Semiconductor]] corporation.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Moore| first1=Gordon E.| title=The Accidental Entrepreneur| url=http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/3777/1/Moore.pdf| access-date=January 8, 2015| publisher=Engineering & Science| pages=23–30| date=Summer 1994| archive-date=January 8, 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108175326/http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/3777/1/Moore.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=BrockBook/>

===Moore's law===
{{main|Moore's law}}
In 1965, Moore was working as the director of research and development (R&D) at Fairchild Semiconductor. He was asked by [[Electronics (magazine)|Electronics Magazine]] to predict what he thought might happen in the semiconductor components industry over the next ten years. In an article published on April 19, 1965, Moore observed that the number of components (transistors, resistors, diodes, or capacitors)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lithoguru.com/scientist/CHE323/Moore1995.pdf|title=Lithography and the future of Moore's law|publisher=[[SPIE]]|author=Gordon E. Moore|year=1995|access-date=January 2, 2015| archive-date=December 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215145122/http://www.lithoguru.com/scientist/CHE323/Moore1995.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> in a dense integrated circuit had doubled approximately every year and speculated that it would continue to do so for at least the next ten years. In 1975, he revised the forecast rate to approximately every two years.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.5210/fm.v7i11.1000|title=The Lives and Death of Moore's Law|journal=First Monday|volume=7|issue=11|year=2002|last=Tuomi|first=I. |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Carver Mead]] popularized the phrase "Moore's law". The prediction has become a target for [[miniaturization]] in the semiconductor industry and has had widespread impact in many areas of technological change.<ref name=MooresLaw1965/><ref name=BrockBook>{{cite book|editor-last1=Brock|editor-first1=David C.| title=Understanding Moore's law : four decades of innovation| date=2006| publisher=Chemical Heritage Press| isbn=9780941901413}}</ref>

===Intel Corporation===
{{main|Intel}}
In July 1968, [[Robert Noyce]] and Moore founded NM Electronics, which later became [[Intel Corporation]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Intel Corporation|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289747/Intel-Corporation|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=November 26, 2008|archive-date=December 16, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216121827/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289747/Intel-Corporation|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Yeh2004>{{cite book| last1=Yeh| first1=Raymond T.|last2=Yeh| first2=Stephanie H.|title=The art of business : in the footsteps of giants|date=2004|publisher=Zero Time Pub.| isbn=9780975427712}}</ref> Moore served as executive vice president until 1975 when he became president. In April 1979, Moore became chairman and chief executive officer, holding that position until April 1987, when he became chairman. He was named chairman emeritus in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|title=2004 History Maker – Gordon Moore|url=http://www.historysmc.org/main.php?page=hmmoore|website=History Makers|publisher=San Mateo County History Museum|access-date=January 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114055933/http://www.historysmc.org/main.php?page=hmmoore|archive-date=January 14, 2015}}</ref> Under Noyce, Moore, and later [[Andrew Grove]], Intel pioneered new technologies for [[computer memory]], [[integrated circuits]], and [[microprocessor]] design.<ref name=Yeh2004/> On April 11, 2022, Intel renamed its main Oregon site, the Ronler Acres campus in [[Hillsboro, Oregon|Hillsboro]], as 'Gordon Moore Park', and the building formerly known as RA4, as 'Moore Center', after Gordon Moore.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|title=Intel renames main Oregon site for founder Gordon Moore, opens $3 billion Hillsboro expansion|website=Oregon Live|publisher=The Oregonian|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2022/04/intel-renames-main-oregon-site-for-founder-gordon-moore-opens-3-billion-hillsboro-expansion.html|url-status=live|date=April 11, 2022|access-date=April 11, 2022|archive-date=April 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411170809/https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2022/04/intel-renames-main-oregon-site-for-founder-gordon-moore-opens-3-billion-hillsboro-expansion.html}}</ref>

==Philanthropy==
As of February 2023, Moore's [[net worth]] was reported to be $7 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gordon Moore|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/gordon-moore/|website=Forbes|access-date=February 16, 2023|archive-date=February 16, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216235827/https://www.forbes.com/profile/gordon-moore/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2000, Moore and his wife established the [[Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation]], with a gift worth about $5&nbsp;billion. Through the foundation, they initially targeted environmental conservation, science, and the San Francisco Bay Area.<ref name=Carnegie2009/>

The foundation gives extensively in the area of environmental conservation, supporting major projects in the Andes–Amazon Basin, including Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela and Suriname, as well as the San Francisco Bay area.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Butler|first=Rhett A.|date=December 12, 2006|title=Who pays for Amazon rainforest conservation?|url=https://news.mongabay.com/2006/12/who-pays-for-amazon-rainforest-conservation/|access-date=March 27, 2023|website=Mongabay}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation: Grants for Conservation |url=http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/grants-for-conservation/gordon-and-betty-moore-foundation-grants-for-conservation.html|website=Inside Philanthropy| access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=February 23, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223153304/http://www.insidephilanthropy.com/grants-for-conservation/gordon-and-betty-moore-foundation-grants-for-conservation.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Moore was a director of [[Conservation International]] for some years. In 2002, he and [[Conservation International]] senior vice president Claude Gascon received the [[Order of the Golden Ark]] from [[Prince Bernhard]] of the Netherlands for their outstanding contributions to nature conservation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel's Gordon Moore and CI's Claude Gascon To Receive Major Award|url=http://www.conservation.org/NewsRoom/pressreleases/Pages/041902_gordon_moore_gascon_award.aspx|access-date=January 8, 2015|website=Conservation International|date=April 19, 2002|archive-date=February 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212174903/http://www.conservation.org/NewsRoom/pressreleases/Pages/041902_gordon_moore_gascon_award.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>

Moore was a member of Caltech's board of trustees from 1983, chairing it from 1993 to 2000, and was a life trustee at the time of his death.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sally Ride, David Lee Named Caltech Trustees, Ben Rosen Named Trustee Chair|url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/sally-ride-david-lee-named-caltech-trustees-ben-rosen-named-trustee-chair|date=December 4, 2000|access-date=December 10, 2013|publisher=[[California Institute of Technology]]|archive-date=December 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213013558/http://www.caltech.edu/content/sally-ride-david-lee-named-caltech-trustees-ben-rosen-named-trustee-chair|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/technology-pioneer-gordon-moore-caltech-commencement-speaker|title=Technology Pioneer Gordon Moore is Caltech Commencement Speaker|work=The California Institute of Technology |date=May 3, 2001|access-date=December 10, 2013|publisher=California Institute of Technology|archive-date=December 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213013630/http://www.caltech.edu/content/technology-pioneer-gordon-moore-caltech-commencement-speaker|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/trustee-list|publisher=California Institute of Technology|access-date=December 10, 2013|title=Trustee List|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328035035/http://www.caltech.edu/content/trustee-list|archive-date=March 28, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001, Moore and his wife donated $600&nbsp;million to Caltech, at the time the largest gift ever to an institution of higher education.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/28/us/intel-founder-gives-600-million-to-caltech.html| work=The New York Times |title=Intel Founder Gives $600 Million to Caltech|date=October 28, 2001|access-date=December 10, 2013}}</ref> He said he wanted the gift to be used to keep Caltech at the forefront of research and technology.<ref name=Carnegie2009>{{cite web|title=2009 Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy Awarded to Michael R. Bloomberg, The Koç Family, Gordon & Betty Moore and Sanford & Joan Weill|url=http://carnegie.org/news/press-releases/story/view/2009-carnegie-medal-of-philanthropy-awarded-to-michael-r-bloomberg-the-koc-family-gordon-betty/|access-date=January 8, 2015|website=Carnegie Corporation of New York|date=October 7, 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212174751/http://carnegie.org/news/press-releases/story/view/2009-carnegie-medal-of-philanthropy-awarded-to-michael-r-bloomberg-the-koc-family-gordon-betty/|archive-date=February 12, 2015}}</ref>

In December 2007, Moore and his wife donated $200&nbsp;million to Caltech and the [[University of California]] for the construction of the [[Thirty Meter Telescope]] (TMT), expected to become the world's second largest optical telescope once it and the [[European Extremely Large Telescope]] are completed in the mid-2020s. The TMT will have a segmented mirror 30 meters across and be built on [[Mauna Kea]] in Hawaii. This mirror will be nearly three times the size of the current record holder, the [[Large Binocular Telescope]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tytell |first1=David |title=Thirty Meter Telescope Moves Forward|journal=Sky & Telescope|date=August 22, 2007|url=http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/thirty-meter-telescope-moves-forward/|access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=December 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218231804/http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/thirty-meter-telescope-moves-forward/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Moores, as individuals and through their [[Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation|foundation]], have also, in a series of gifts and grants beginning in the 1990s, given some $166 million to the [[University of California, Berkeley]] to fund initiatives ranging from materials science and physics to genomics and data science.<ref name="Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation">{{cite web|title=Grants Search|url=https://www.moore.org/grants|website=moore.org|access-date=March 16, 2018|archive-date=March 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102133/https://www.moore.org/grants|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/BAY-AREA-REPORT-EAST-BAY-UC-Berkeley-Gets-2997939.php|title=Berkeley Gets Millions From Intel Head|website=sfgate.com|date=January 20, 1996|access-date=March 23, 2021|archive-date=April 6, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406162933/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/BAY-AREA-REPORT-EAST-BAY-UC-Berkeley-Gets-2997939.php|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Report on University Private Support|url=https://regents.universityofcalifornia.edu/regmeet/nov19/p6attach.pdf|publisher=University of California|access-date=June 8, 2022|archive-date=September 27, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927023407/https://regents.universityofcalifornia.edu/regmeet/nov19/p6attach.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

In addition, through the foundation, his wife created the Betty Irene Moore Nursing Initiative, targeting nursing care in the San Francisco Bay Area and Greater Sacramento.<ref name=Carnegie2009/><ref>{{cite web|title=Betty Irene Moore Nursing Initiative|url=http://www.moore.org/programs/patient-care/betty-irene-moore-nursing-initiative|website=Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation|access-date=January 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224140317/http://www.moore.org/programs/patient-care/betty-irene-moore-nursing-initiative|archive-date=December 24, 2014}}</ref> In 2007, the foundation pledged $100 million over 11 years to establish a nursing school at the [[University of California, Davis]].<ref name="Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation"/> The Moores have also been long-time benefactors of other Northern California institutions, including [[Stanford University]] (over $190 million as of 2022), [[University of California, San Francisco]], and [[University of California, Santa Cruz]].<ref name="Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation"/>

In 2009, the Moores received the [[Andrew Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy]].<ref name=Carnegie2009/><ref>{{cite news|title=Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Funds Programs to Address Nursing Crisis|url=http://insider.ucsf.edu/2004/aug/index.html|access-date=January 8, 2015|work=UCSF Campaign Insider|agency=University of California San Francisco|date=2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093135/http://insider.ucsf.edu/2004/aug/index.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref>

==Scientific awards and honors==
Moore received many honors. He was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Engineering]] in 1976 for contributions to semiconductor devices from transistors to microprocessors.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Academy of Engineering Members|url=https://www.caltech.edu/content/national-academy-engineering-members|website=Caltech|access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=January 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108213159/http://www.caltech.edu/content/national-academy-engineering-members|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1990, Moore was with the [[National Medal of Technology and Innovation]] by President [[George H. W. Bush]], "for his seminal leadership in bringing American industry the two major postwar innovations in microelectronics – large-scale integrated memory and the microprocessor – that have fueled the information revolution".<ref>{{cite web|title=The National Medal of Technology and Innovation 1990 Laureates|url=http://www.uspto.gov/about/nmti/recipients/1990.jsp|website=USPTO.gov|publisher=The United States Patent and Trademark Office|access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=November 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127085703/http://www.uspto.gov/about/nmti/recipients/1990.jsp|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1998, he was inducted as a Fellow of the [[Computer History Museum]] "for his fundamental early work in the design and production of semiconductor devices as co-founder of Fairchild and Intel".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gordon Moore — CHM Fellow Award Winner|author=CHM|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/|access-date=March 30, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150402063331/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore|archive-date=April 2, 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/|title=Gordon Moore &#124; Computer History Museum|access-date=January 8, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108161213/http://www.computerhistory.org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Gordon,Moore/|archive-date=January 8, 2015}}</ref>

In 2001, Moore received the [[Othmer Gold Medal]] for outstanding contributions to progress in chemistry and science.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Voith|first1=Melody|last2=Reisch|first2=Marc|title=Gordon Moore Awarded the Othmer Gold Medal|journal=Chemical & Engineering News|date=May 14, 2001|volume=79|issue=20|pages=62|doi=10.1021/cen-v079n020.p062}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Othmer Gold Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/othmer-gold-medal|publisher=[[Science History Institute]]|access-date=February 19, 2018|date=May 31, 2016|archive-date=February 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130646/https://www.sciencehistory.org/othmer-gold-medal|url-status=live}}</ref> Moore was also the recipient of the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]], the United States' highest civilian honor, as of 2002.<ref>{{cite news|title=SIA Congratulates Intel's Gordon Moore for Receiving Presidential Medal of Freedom|url=http://www.semiconductors.org/news/2002/06/24/press_releases_2002/sia_congratulates_intel_s_gordon_moore_for_receiving_presidential_medal_of_freedom/|access-date=January 8, 2015|work=SIA News|publisher=Semiconductor Industry Association|date=June 24, 2002|archive-date=January 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108222827/http://www.semiconductors.org/news/2002/06/24/press_releases_2002/sia_congratulates_intel_s_gordon_moore_for_receiving_presidential_medal_of_freedom/|url-status=live}}</ref> He received the award from President [[George W. Bush]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=March 25, 2023|title=Intel co-founder, philanthropist Gordon Moore dies at 94|work=[[Boston Globe]]|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2790280849|access-date=March 27, 2023|id={{ProQuest|2790280849}} }}</ref> In 2002, Moore received the [[The Franklin Institute Awards|Bower Award]] for Business Leadership.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bogaert|first=Pauline Pinard|date=April 30, 2002|title=Franklin Institute honors eight for their science achievements|page=C2|work=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1892022062|access-date=March 27, 2023|id={{ProQuest|1892022062}} }}</ref>

In 2003, Moore was elected a [[Fellow of the AAAS|Fellow]] of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]]. He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Gordon+E.+Moore&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=June 8, 2021|website=search.amphilsoc.org|archive-date=June 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608162717/https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Gordon+E.+Moore&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|url-status=live}}</ref>

Moore was awarded the 2008 [[IEEE Medal of Honor]] for "pioneering technical roles in integrated-circuit processing, and leadership in the development of MOS memory, the microprocessor computer, and the semiconductor industry".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/mohpr.html|publisher=[[IEEE]]|title=IEEE – IEEE Medals, Technical Field Awards, and Recognitions – IEEE Medal of Honor Recipients|access-date=June 2, 2017|archive-date=May 2, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502100132/http://www.ieee.org/portal/pages/about/awards/pr/mohpr.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Moore was featured in the 2011 documentary film ''[[Something Ventured]]'', in which he said about Intel's first business plan, "It was one page, double spaced. It had a lot of typos in it."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cassidy|first=Mike|date=October 9, 2011|title=Cassidy: Palo Alto International Film Festival brings Silicon Valley into focus|work=Oakland Tribune|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/896801197|access-date=March 27, 2023|id={{ProQuest|896801197}} }}</ref>

In 2009, Moore was inducted into the [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]]. He was awarded the 2010 [[Dan David Prize]] for his work in the areas of Computers and Telecommunications.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gordon E. Moore|url=http://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2010/92-future-computers-and-telecommunications/199-gordon-e-moore|website=Dan David Prize|access-date=August 18, 2014|archive-date=August 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819090351/http://www.dandavidprize.org/laureates/2010/92-future-computers-and-telecommunications/199-gordon-e-moore|url-status=live |last1=Prize |first1=Dan David }}</ref>

The library at the [[Centre for Mathematical Sciences (Cambridge)|Centre for Mathematical Sciences]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] is named after him and his wife Betty,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/BGML/|publisher=University of Cambridge|title=The Betty & Gordon Moore Library|access-date=June 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123044357/http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/BGML/|archive-date=January 23, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> as are the Moore Laboratories building (dedicated 1996) at Caltech and the Gordon and Betty Moore Materials Research Building at Stanford. [[The Electrochemical Society]] presents an award in Moore's name, the [[Gordon E. Moore Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Solid State Science and Technology]], biennially to celebrate scientists' contributions to the field of solid-state science.<ref>{{cite web|title=ECS Society Awards|url=http://www.electrochem.org/awards/ecs/ecs_awards.htm#d|website=The Electrochemical Society|access-date=October 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721022447/http://www.electrochem.org/awards/ecs/ecs_awards.htm#d|archive-date=July 21, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Society of Chemical Industry (American Section)]] annually presents the Gordon E. Moore Medal, to recognize early career success in innovation in the chemical industries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gordon E. Moore Medal|url=http://sci-america.org/site/?page_id=69|website=Society of Chemical Industry (SCI America)|access-date=February 4, 2015|archive-date=October 27, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141027200017/http://sci-america.org/site/?page_id=69|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=SCI Gordon E. Moore Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-gordon-e-moore-medal|website=[[Science History Institute]]|date=May 31, 2016|access-date=February 19, 2018|archive-date=February 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130636/https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-gordon-e-moore-medal|url-status=live}}</ref>

Moore was awarded the [[UCSF]] medal in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=UCSF Medal|url=https://chancellor.ucsf.edu/chancellor-awards/ucsf-medal|website=Office of the Chancellor|access-date=July 1, 2020|archive-date=July 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704012510/https://chancellor.ucsf.edu/chancellor-awards/ucsf-medal|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Gordon Moore.jpg|thumb|175px|Moore in 2004]]
Moore met his wife, Betty Irene Whitaker, in 1947 during a student government conference at the [[Asilomar Conference Grounds]].{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=61-62}} They married in 1950,{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=86-87}} and Moore became a father to two sons: Kenneth Moore (b. 1954) and Steven Moore (b. 1959).{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=122, 123, 208-209}}

Moore was an avid fisherman since childhood, and he traveled extensively with his wife, sons, or colleagues to catch species such as bass, marlin, salmon, and trout.{{sfn|Thackray|2015|pp=27, 70, 240-242, 485 passim}} He said his conservation efforts were partly inspired by his interest in fishing and his time spent outdoors.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 14, 2005|title=Gordon Moore - Charlie Rose|url=https://charlierose.com/videos/18502|access-date=March 25, 2023|website=charlierose.com}}</ref>

In 2011, Moore's was the first human genome sequenced on [[Ion Torrent]]'s [[Personal genomics|Personal Genome]] Machine platform, a massively parallel sequencing device, which uses [[ISFET]] [[biosensor]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rothberg|first1=J. M.|author-link1=Jonathan M. Rothberg|last2=Hinz|first2=W.|last3=Rearick|first3=T. M.|last4=Schultz|first4=J.|last5=Mileski|first5=W.|last6=Davey|first6=M.|last7=Leamon|first7=J. H.|last8=Johnson|first8=K.|last9=Milgrew|first9=M. J.|last10=Edwards|doi=10.1038/nature10242|first10=M.|last11=Hoon|first11=J.|last12=Simons|first12=J. F.|last13=Marran|first13=D.|last14=Myers|first14=J. W.|last15=Davidson|first15=J. F.|last16=Branting|first16=A.|last17=Nobile|first17=J. R.|last18=Puc|first18=B. P.|last19=Light|first19=D.|last20=Clark|first20=T. A.|last21=Huber|first21=M.|last22=Branciforte|first22=J. T.|last23=Stoner|first23=I. B.|last24=Cawley|first24=S. E.|last25=Lyons|first25=M.|last26=Fu|first26=Y.|last27=Homer|first27=N.|last28=Sedova|first28=M.|last29=Miao|first29=X.|last30=Reed|first30=B.|title=An integrated semiconductor device enabling non-optical genome sequencing|journal=Nature|volume=475|issue=7356|pages=348–352|year=2011|pmid=21776081|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Moore died at his home in [[Waimea, Hawaii County, Hawaii|Waimea, Hawaii]] on March 24, 2023, aged 94.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gordon Moore, Intel Co-Founder, Dies at 94|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230324005411/en/|website=[[Business Wire]]|access-date=March 24, 2023}}</ref> He was remembered by the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' as a "Silicon Valley icon who co-founded Intel."<ref name="sfchronicle.com">{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2023 |title=Gordon Moore, Intel co-founder, dies |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/gordon-moore-intel-founder-dies-17820291.php |access-date=February 13, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523011552/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/gordon-moore-intel-founder-dies-17820291.php |archive-date=May 23, 2023 }}</ref> The Intel CEO at the time, [[Pat Gelsinger]] remembered him as someone who, "defined the technology industry through his insight and vision."<ref name="sfchronicle.com"/>

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Sources===
* {{Cite book |last=Thackray |first=Arnold |title=Moore's Law : The Life of Gordon Moore, Silicon Valley's Quiet Revolutionary |date=2015 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=9780465055623 }}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Library resources box|by=yes|onlinebooksby=yes|viaf=265564053}}
* {{cite web|author=Center for Oral History|title=Gordon E. Moore and Jay T. Last|url=https://oh.sciencehistory.org/oral-histories/moore-gordon-e-and-jay-t-last|website=[[Science History Institute]]}}
* {{cite book|first1=David C.|last1=Brock|first2=Christophe|last2=Lécuyer|title=Gordon E. Moore and Jay T. Last, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by David C. Brock and Christophe Lécuyer at Woodside, California on 20 January 2006|date=January 20, 2006 |publisher=Chemical Heritage Foundation}}
* {{cite news|last1=Moore|first1=Gordon E.|title=The Accidental Entrepreneur|url=http://calteches.library.caltech.edu/3777/1/Moore.pdf|access-date=January 8, 2015|work=Engineering & Science|pages=23–30|date=Summer 1994}}
* {{cite news|last1=Kaplan|first1=David A.|title=Gordon Moore's journey|url=http://fortune.com/2012/09/24/gordon-moores-journey/|access-date=January 8, 2015|work=Fortune|date=September 24, 2012}}
* {{cite web|title=1996 Horatio Alger Award Winner Gordon E. Moore|url=http://www.horatioalger.org/members_info.cfm?memberid=MOO96|website=Horatio Alger Association|access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031225/http://www.horatioalger.org/members_info.cfm?memberid=MOO96|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|title=Gordon E. Moore Retired Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board, Chairman Emeritus|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/biography/gordon-e-moore/|website=Intel|access-date=March 2, 2016|archive-date=October 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021151353/https://newsroom.intel.com/biography/gordon-e-moore/|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news|last1=Kanellos|first1=Michael|title=Moore says nanoelectronics face tough challenges|url=http://news.cnet.com/Moore-says-nanoelectronics-face-tough-challenges/2100-1006_3-5607422.html|access-date=January 8, 2015|work=CNET News|date=March 9, 2005}}
* {{cite news|title=It Was the '60s, Man|url=http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2005/04/67254|access-date=January 8, 2015|magazine=Wired|date=April 17, 2005}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=Maria|title=Moore Laboratory opened with great expectations|url=http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/1993/1/1996_01_12_97_12.pdf|access-date=January 8, 2015|journal=The California Tech|volume=XCVII|issue=12|pages=1, 3|date=January 12, 1996}}
* {{cite web|title=The Fairchild Chronicles: DVD tells tale of Silicon Valley's seminal startup|url=https://web.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/2005/pr-fairchild-030905.html|website=Stanford News Service|date=March 8, 2005|access-date=January 8, 2015|archive-date=April 30, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430065255/http://web.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/2005/pr-fairchild-030905.html|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite news|title=Gordon Moore, Silicon Valley pioneer who co-founded Intel, dies at 94|url=https://archive.today/o628s/|author=Kathleen Day|date=March 24, 2023|access-date=March 24, 2023|newspaper=The Washington Post}}
* {{cite news|title=Gordon E. Moore, Intel Co-Founder Behind Moore's Law, Dies at 94|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/24/technology/gordon-moore-dead.html|author1=Holcomb B. Noble|author2=Katie Hafner|date=March 26, 2023|access-date=April 9, 2023|newspaper=The New York Times}}
* {{C-SPAN}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiZwA8_43ZE Gordon Moore and Arthur Rock Oral History Panel interview], July 2014, California
* [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/gordon-moore-obituary.html Gordon Moore, Intel Co-Founder, Dies at 94]

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{{S-bus}}
{{Succession box
 | title  = CEO, [[Intel]]
 | years  = 1975–1987
 | before = [[Robert Noyce]]
 | after  = [[Andrew&nbsp;Grove]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{IEEE Founders Medal}}
{{IEEE Medal of Honor}}{{Intel}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Moore, Gordon}}
[[Category:1929 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:American billionaires]]
[[Category:American technology chief executives]]
[[Category:American physical chemists]]
[[Category:California Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century American philanthropists]]
[[Category:IEEE Medal of Honor recipients]]
[[Category:Intel people]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:National Medal of Technology recipients]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from San Francisco]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients]]
[[Category:San Jose State University alumni]]
[[Category:UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni]]
[[Category:Berkeley Student Cooperative alumni]]
[[Category:American chief executives of manufacturing companies]]
[[Category:People from Pescadero, California]]
[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:Scientists at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory]]
[[Category:Sequoia High School (Redwood City, California) alumni]]
[[Category:Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates]]