Editing Grand Forks Air Force Base

{{short description|US Air Force base near Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox military installation
| name = Grand Forks Air Force Base
| ensign = 
| ensign_size =
| native_name = 
| partof = <!-- for elements within a larger site -->
| location = 
| nearest_town = [[Grand Forks, North Dakota|Grand Forks]], [[North Dakota]]
| country = [[United States|United States of America]]
| image = First Grand Forks RQ-4 arrives.jpg
| alt = Arrival of the first Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk at Grand Forks AFB in May 2011
| image_size = 305
| caption = Arrival of the first [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk]] at Grand Forks AFB in May 2011
| image2 = [[File:ACC Shield.svg|100px]]
| alt2 = 
| caption2 = 
| type = US Air Force Base
| coordinates = {{coord|47|57|50|N|097|24|04|W|display=inline,title}}
| gridref = 
| image_map = 
| image_mapsize = 
| image_map_alt = 
| image_map_caption = 
| pushpin_map = USA North Dakota#USA
| pushpin_mapsize = 
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Shown in North Dakota
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_image = 
| pushpin_label = Grand Forks AFB
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mark = 
| pushpin_marksize = 
| ownership = [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]
| operator = [[United States Air Force|US Air Force]]
| controlledby = [[Air Combat Command]] (ACC)
| open_to_public = <!-- for out of use sites/sites with museums etc -->
| site_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| site_other = <!-- for other sorts of facilities – radar types etc -->
| site_area = <!-- area of site m2, km2 square mile etc -->
| code = <!--facility/installation code, applies to US -->
| built = {{Start date|1955}} – 1957
| used = 1957 – present<!--{{End date|1946}} -->
| builder = 
| materials = 
| height = <!-- height of tallest part, not above sea level -->
| length = <!-- for border fences or other DMZs -->
| fate = <!--changed from demolished parameter-->
| condition = Operational
| battles = 
| events = 
| current_commander = <!-- current commander -->
| past_commanders = <!-- past notable commander(s) -->
| garrison = [[319th Air Base Wing|319th Reconnaissance Wing]]
| occupants = <!-- squadrons only -->
| designations = 
| website = [https://www.grandforks.af.mil/  www.grandforks.af.mil/]
<!-- begin airfield information  -->
| IATA = RDR
| ICAO = KRDR
| FAA = RDR
| TC = 
| LID = 
| GPS = 
| WMO = 727575
| elevation = {{Convert|277.6|m|0}}
| r1-number = 17/35
| r1-length = {{Convert|3764.5|m|0}}
| r1-surface = [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]]
| h1-number = 
| h1-length = <!-- {{Convert| |m|0}} -->
| h1-surface = 
| airfield_other_label = <!-- for renaming "Other facilities" in infobox -->
| airfield_other = <!-- for other sorts of airfield facilities -->
<!--  end airfield information   -->
| footnotes = '''Source:''' [[Federal Aviation Administration]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aeronav.faa.gov/d-tpp/1908/05010ad.pdf#nameddest=(RDR)|title=Airport Diagram – Grand Forks AFB (KRDR)|date=18 July 2019|website=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref>
}}

'''Grand Forks Air Force Base (AFB)''' {{airport codes|RDR|KRDR|RDR}} is a [[United States Air Force]] installation in northeastern [[North Dakota]], located north of [[Emerado, North Dakota|Emerado]] and {{convert|16|mi}} west of [[Grand Forks, North Dakota|Grand Forks]].

The host unit is the [[319th Air Base Wing|319th Reconnaissance Wing]] (319 RW) assigned to the [[Air Combat Command]] (ACC) operating [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|E/RQ-4B Global Hawk]] remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), in the intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) role. During the [[Cold War]], GFAFB was a major installation of the [[Strategic Air Command]] (SAC), with [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] [[bomber]]s, [[Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker|KC-135]] [[Aerial refueling|tankers]], and [[LGM-30 Minuteman|Minuteman]] [[intercontinental ballistic missile]]s.<ref name=hofgf07>{{cite news|url=http://www.grandforks.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070227-026.pdf |publisher=U.S. Air Force |title=History of Grand Forks AFB |date=21 February 2007 |access-date=7 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228043216/http://www.grandforks.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-070227-026.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2013 }}</ref>

==History==
Grand Forks Air Force Base was established on 1 December 1955, with construction beginning in the fall of that year. It was occupied for use on 28 January 1957, and was named after the neighboring city of [[Grand Forks, North Dakota|Grand Forks]].

===Air Defense Command===
Due to the continuance of the [[Cold War]] between the United States and the [[Soviet Union]], GFAFB was originally an [[Air Defense Command]] (ADC) fighter-interceptor air base. The site was chosen in 1954 and the land was paid for by the citizens of Grand Forks, the site was located {{convert|15|mi}} west of the city. The beginning of the {{convert|5400|acre|km2|adj=on}} air base started in 1956 with the construction of a {{convert|12300|ft|-1|adj=on}} runway.

On 18 February 1957, the [[478th Fighter Group]] (Defense) was activated at Grand Forks. The [[18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]] was moved from [[Wurtsmith Air Force Base|Wurtsmith AFB]], Michigan on 1 May 1960, and flew the [[McDonnell F-101 Voodoo|F-101B Voodoo]] until 15 April 1971, when it was inactivated and the Voodoos were retired. It was replaced by the [[460th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron|460th FIS]], moved from [[Kingsley Field Air National Guard Base|Kingsley Field]] at [[Klamath Falls, Oregon]]. The 460th FIS flew [[Convair F-106 Delta Dart|F-106 Delta Dart]]s until it also was inactivated on 15 July 1974.

[[File:Grand-forks-afb-main-gate.jpg|thumb|left|Main gate at Grand Forks AFB]]

In addition to the interceptor squadrons, a [[Semi Automatic Ground Environment]] (SAGE) Data Center (DC-11) was established at Grand Forks in 1958. The SAGE system was a network linking Air Force (and later FAA) General Surveillance Radar stations into a centralized center for Air Defense, intended to provide early warning and response for a Soviet nuclear attack. DC-11 was operated by the [[Grand Forks Air Defense Sector]] (GFADS), activated on 8 December 1957 under the [[31st Air Division]] at [[Fort Snelling|Snelling AFS]], Minnesota. On 1 January 1959, GFADS was transferred to the operational control of the [[29th Air Division]] at [[Malmstrom Air Force Base|Malmstrom AFB]] at [[Great Falls, Montana]].

SAGE operations were extremely expansive and GFADS was inactivated on 1 December 1963, when it was merged with the [[Minot Air Defense Sector]] at [[Minot Air Force Base|Minot AFB]] to the west. With the inactivation of DC-11, Grand Forks AFB was reassigned from the Air Defense mission to [[Strategic Air Command]] (SAC).

In 1971, the 18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was inactivated and the 460th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron replaced the unit. Although the 460th FIS won first place at the [[William Tell (aerial gunnery competition)|William Tell air-to-air competition]] at [[Tyndall Air Force Base|Tyndall AFB]], Florida, it was inactivated in 1974 due to the restructuring of the air defense system, and ended the activities of ADCOM at Grand Forks.

The DC-11 SAGE blockhouse was later the headquarters of the SAC [[321st Strategic Missile Wing]]. Following the end of [[LGM-30 Minuteman#Minuteman-III (LGM-30G)|Minuteman III]] missile operations in 1998, the large SAGE blockhouse was torn down five years later, in June 2003.

===Safeguard Anti-Ballistic Missile===
On 3 November 1967, the Department of Defense revealed that GFAFB was one of 10 initial locations to host a [[Safeguard Program|Sentinel Anti-Ballistic Missile]] (ABM) site. With president [[Richard Nixon]]'s announcement of 14 March 1969, constructing a "Safeguard" installation at Grand Forks became a top priority. Construction was stalled throughout mid-1969, as Congress debated the merits of BMD. After the Senate defeated amendments to kill Safeguard deployment, the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] proceeded under the assumption that appropriations would be forthcoming.

Survey teams selected sites in flat wheatlands close to the Canada-Minnesota border, north-northwest of Grand Forks. {{convert|25|mi|km|spell=In}} separated the {{convert|279|acre|adj=on|order=flip}} Perimeter Acquisition Radar (PAR) and the {{convert|433|acre|adj=on|order=flip}} Missile Site Radar (MSR) sites. Four remote launch sites of {{convert|36|to|45|acre}} each were to be situated in a circle with a {{convert|20|mi|adj=on}} radius surrounding the MSR. Groundbreaking occurred at the PAR and MSR sites on 6 April 1970. Excavation proceeded rapidly, and the foundation holes for the PAR and MSR were in place by mid-May.

On 26 May 1972, President Nixon and Soviet general secretary [[Leonid Brezhnev]] signed the [[ABM Treaty]], which limited each nation to one site to protect strategic forces and one site to protect the "[[National Command Authority (United States)|National Command Authority]]." With work about 85% complete at Grand Forks, the US chose to finish construction at the North Dakota site. On 21 August 1972, the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Army Corps of Engineers]] turned over the PAR to the Safeguard Systems Command (SAFSCOM) Site Activation Team. The transfer of the MSR occurred on 3 January 1973. Work on the four remote launch sites fell behind schedule, with the last completed on 5 November 1972. Testing of the PAR commenced during the summer of 1973.

On 3 September 1974, the SAFSCOM Site Activation Team was relieved by the U.S. Army Safeguard Command. Named the "[[Stanley R. Mickelsen Safeguard Complex]]" {{Coord|48|35|21|N|098|21|24|W|display=inline|name=Stanley R. Mickelson Complex}} ({{convert|62.3|mi|0}} northwest of the base), the North Dakota ABM site received its complement of nuclear-tipped [[LIM-49 Spartan]] and [[Sprint (missile)|Sprint Missile]]s during the following spring. The site was declared operational on 1 April 1975. Due to Congressional action, the Army operated the site for less than a year. With the exception of the PAR, the complex was abandoned in February 1976.

In October 1977, the PAR came under operational control of the [[United States Air Force|USAF]], which operated it as part of its early warning system. It was designated as '''Cavalier AFS''' {{Coord|48|43|29|N|097|53|58|W|display=inline|name=Cavalier AFS}} ({{convert|57.8|mi|0}} north-northwest of the base), and remains active. It is operated by the [[Air Force Space Command]] [[10th Space Warning Squadron]] (10th SWS).

===Strategic Air Command===
[[File:GFAFBMissile.jpg|thumb|130px|[[LGM-30 Minuteman#Minuteman-III .28LGM-30G.29: the current model|Minuteman III]] missile at GFAFB entrance]]
On 1 September 1958, the [[Strategic Air Command]] (SAC) established the 4133d Strategic Wing at Grand Forks as part of its plan to disperse its [[Boeing B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]] heavy bombers over a larger number of bases, thus making it more difficult for the [[Soviet Union]] to knock out the entire fleet with a surprise first strike. Many of these bases were near the U.S. border with Canada; those close to GFAFB in the north central U.S. were [[Minot Air Force Base|Minot]] and [[Glasgow Air Force Base|Glasgow]] to the west, and three in [[Michigan]] to the east ([[K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base|Sawyer]], [[Kincheloe Air Force Base|Kinchloe]], and [[Wurtsmith Air Force Base|Wurtsmith]]).

The 4133d SW was redesignated as the 319th Bombardment Wing (319th BW) on 1 February 1963 in a name-only redesignation and was assigned to SAC's [[Second Air Force]], [[810th Strategic Aerospace Division]]. Upon redesignation, the wing placed aircraft on peacetime quick reaction alert duty, and conducted global bombardment training for [[Emergency War Order]] operations and air refueling operations to meet SAC commitments. The aircraft in the 1960s at GFAFB were the latest models: B-52H bombers and [[Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker|KC-135A]] tankers.<ref name=hofgf07/>

In 1973, the 319th Bomb Wing acquired the [[AGM-69 SRAM|AGM-69 Short Range Attack Missile]] (SRAM), replacing the older [[AGM-28 Hound Dog]] air-to-ground missile aboard its B-52H aircraft. As the activities in [[Vietnam War|Southeast Asia]] decreased, the 319th BW focused its full efforts on training crews to fly strategic strike missions.

On 1 November 1964, 321st [[Strategic Missile Wing]] was organized as the [[LGM-30 Minuteman#Minuteman-II .28LGM-30F.29|Minuteman II]] intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) wing at GFAFB, the first in SAC.

During 1965, the wing's three missile squadrons were activated and crew training and certification began at [[Vandenberg Air Force Base|Vandenberg AFB]] in [[southern California]]. In August 1965, the base received its first Minuteman II missile, shipped by train from Assembly Plant 77 at [[Hill Air Force Base|Hill AFB]] at [[Ogden, Utah]]. During the following March, the base received the first Minuteman II to be shipped via aircraft, an Air Force first. The [[LGM-30 Minuteman#Minuteman-III .28LGM-30G.29: the current model|Minuteman III]] replaced the former in the 1970s.

The 319th transitioned from B-52H to B-52G aircraft in 1983 adding the [[AGM-86 ALCM|AGM-86 Air Launched Cruise Missile]] (ALCM) in 1984.<ref name=hofgf07/><ref name=cjreftobl>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19840306&id=2iBJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WAYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2980,738215 |newspaper=The Hour |location=Norwalk, CT |title=Canadian judge refuses to block test flight of U.S. cruise missiles |date=6 March 1984 |page=2 }}</ref> In December 1986, the last B-52G permanently departed GFAFB, replaced by the [[Rockwell B-1 Lancer|B-1B Lancer]] in 1987. The tanker aircraft were also changed, from KC-135A to KC-135R. A change in the host unit occurred again in 1988, when the 42d Air Division was assigned for base support in place of the 321st SMW.<ref name=hofgf07/>

====Cold War aircraft incidents====
*On 2 November 1967, a Grand Forks B-52H (61-0030)<ref name=61ser>{{cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1961.html |publisher=Joseph F. Baugher |title=1961 USAF serial numbers |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref> crashed near [[Griffiss Air Force Base|Griffiss AFB]] in central [[New York (state)|New York]], killing six of the eight aboard.<ref name=ser610030>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=48280 |publisher=Aviation Safety |title=61-0030 |agency=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 48280 |date=2 November 1967 |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref> It had engine difficulties and was attempting an emergency landing.<ref name=scrmngr>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QmEtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=VogFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2940%2C522945 |newspaper=Schenectady Gazette |agency=Associated Press |title=B52 crashes at Griffiss, 6 crewman dead, 2 hurt |date=3 November 1967 |page=1 }}</ref>
*On 15 September 1980, a B-52H on alert status experienced a wing fire that burned for three hours, fanned by evening winds of {{convert|26|mph|abbr=on}}. The wind direction was parallel to the fuselage, which likely had [[AGM-69 SRAM|SRAM]]s in the main bay. Eight years later, a weapons expert testified to a closed [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] hearing that a change of wind direction could have led to a conventional explosion and a widespread scattering of radioactive [[plutonium]].<ref name=abrwnuccat>{{cite news|url=http://articles.philly.com/1991-08-13/news/25804807_1_nuclear-weapons-nuclear-arsenal-roger-batzel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512215032/http://articles.philly.com/1991-08-13/news/25804807_1_nuclear-weapons-nuclear-arsenal-roger-batzel |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 May 2014 |newspaper=Philadelphia Inquirer |last=Karaim |first=Reed |title=A Brush With Nuclear Catastrophe |date=13 August 1991 |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref>
* Mid-morning on 27 January 1983, a B-52G (57-6507)<ref name=57ser>{{cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1957.html |publisher=Joseph F. Baugher |title=1957 USAF serial numbers |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref> exploded on the maintenance ramp, killing five maintenance personnel and injuring eight.<ref name=fkabeabx>{{cite news
|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_gNMAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vPkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2329%2C3001771 |newspaper=Spokane Chronicle |agency=Associated Press |title=Five killed as bomber explodes at air base; $38 million damage |date=27 January 1983 |page=1}}</ref><ref name=cfsfpr >{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bAoQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SIsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5193%2C3642466
|newspaper=Free Lance-Star |location=Fredericksburg, VA |agency=Associated Press |title=B-52 fire brings call for safety probe |date=28 January 1983 |page=3 }}</ref><ref name=exfrafbr>{{cite news
|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s_hLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=o-4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5154%2C5885789 |newspaper=Spokesman-Review |agency=Associated Press |title=Explosion, fire rip AF bomber; kill 5 injure 8 |date=28 September 1983 |page=1 }}</ref> A faulty fuel pump in a wing tank was being attended to prior to the accident.<ref name=ser576507>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/wiki.php?id=48377 |publisher=Aviation Safety |title=57-6507 |agency=ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 48377 |date=27 January 1983 |access-date=11 May 2014}}</ref>

===The 1990s===
With the restructuring of the Air Force and the disestablishment of SAC in 1992, the wing transferred to [[Air Combat Command]] (ACC), then came under [[Air Force Space Command]] (AFSPC) in 1993.

On 1 February 1993, ACC dropped the 319th Bomb Wing's primary nuclear mission and gave the wing the primary mission of B-1B conventional bombardment operations. The 319th BW began planning and training to support such a mission to counter worldwide regional threats.

Following the departure of the last B-1B aircraft in 1994, the base transferred to the new [[Air Mobility Command]] (AMC) and the 319th Bomb Wing was redesignated as the [[319th Air Refueling Wing]] (319 ARW). The KC-135R aircraft assets were transferred to AMC, and the strategic ICBM assets went to [[Air Force Space Command]] (AFSPC).

In March 1995, the [[1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission]] (BRAC) selected the 321st Strategic Missile Wing for inactivation; it was first downgraded to group status, then inactivated on 30 September 1998. GFAFB's Minuteman ICBM silos were imploded in accordance with the [[START II|Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty]] (START II), commencing in 1999 and completed in 2001.<ref>[[321st Air Expeditionary Wing]]</ref> The Minuteman III missiles were transferred to [[Malmstrom Air Force Base|Malmstrom AFB]] in at [[Great Falls, Montana]], to replace retired Minuteman II models. Minuteman III ICBMs remain at three USAF bases: Malmstrom, [[Minot Air Force Base|Minot]], and [[Francis E. Warren Air Force Base|F.E. Warren]] at [[Cheyenne, Wyoming]].

===Twenty-first century===
In May 2005, DoD's [[2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission]] recommended that Grand Forks be [[Base Realignment and Closure|realigned]]. The base's KC-135 tanker mission was lost, with a significant reduction of personnel, but it was not closed.

The [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned]] [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|RQ-4 Global Hawk]] was assigned to Grand Forks, and on 1 March 2011, the wing was redesignated as the [[319th Air Base Wing]] (319 ABW). The first RQ-4 arrived in May 2011 and were assigned to the [[69th Reconnaissance Group]], Air Combat Command. Starting in 2012, the base received several new Block 40 Global Hawks.<ref>[[Associated Press]], "[http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2011/06/ap-global-hawk-arrives-grand-forks-base-060111/ First Global Hawk arrives at Grand Forks base]", ''[[Military Times]]'', 1 June 2011.</ref> On 13 June 2017, the 319 ABW transferred from the Air Mobility Command to the Air Combat Command.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1213134/air-force-realigns-grand-forks-afb-under-acc/|title=Air Force realigns Grand Forks AFB under ACC|work=U.S. Air Force|access-date=12 December 2017|language=en-US}}</ref>

On 11 May 2019 Secretary of the Air Force Heather Wilson announced that the 319th Air Base Wing would be re-designated the 319th Reconnaissance Wing in a ceremony on 28 June 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grandforksherald.com/4611608-its-official-air-force-intends-redesignate-grand-forks-air-force-base-giving-it-leadership|title=It's official: Air Force intends to redesignate Grand Forks Air...|last=Allen|first=Emily|date=2019-05-11|website=www.grandforksherald.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-11}}</ref>

On 28 June 2019 the 319th Air Base Wing was re-designated the 319th Reconnaissance Wing and the 69th Reconnaissance Group inactivated transferring the RQ-4 mission.

===Major commands to which assigned===
*[[Air Defense Command]], 25 July 1956
*[[Strategic Air Command]], 1 July 1963
*[[Air Combat Command]], 1 June 1992
*[[Air Mobility Command]], 1 October 1993 
* Air Combat Command, 13 June 2017 – present<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1213134/air-force-realigns-grand-forks-afb-under-acc/ |author=No byline, staff author|title=Air Force realigns Grand Forks AFB under ACC|date=13 June 2017|publisher=Air Combat Command Public Affairs|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref>

===Major units assigned===
{{Col-begin}}69th Reconnaissance Group – September 2011 – Current (RQ-4)
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
*[[4133d Strategic Wing]], 1 September 1958 – 1 February 1963
*[[905th Air Refueling Squadron]], 1 February 1960 – 1 December 2010
*319th Bombardment Wing (Heavy), 1 February 1963
: Redesignated [[319th Air Refueling Wing]], 1 October 1993
: Redesignated [[319th Air Base Wing]], 1 March 2011 – 28 June 2019
: Redesignated 319th Reconnaissance Wing, 28 June 2019 - Present
*[[4th Air Division]], 1 September 1964 – 30 June 1971
*[[321st Air Expeditionary Wing|321st Strategic Missile Wing (later Missile Wing, Missile Group)]], 1 November 1964 – 30 September 1998
*804th Combat Support Group, 18 August 1964 – 31 July 1972
{{Col-break|width=50%}}
*[[Grand Forks Air Defense Sector]], 8 December 1957 – 1 December 1963
*478th Air Base Squadron, 8 February 1957 – 1 February 1961
* 478th Air Base Group, 1 February 1961 – 1 July 1963
*478th Fighter Group, 8 February 1957 – 1 February 1961
: [[478th Fighter Wing]] (Air Defense), 1 February 1961 – 1 July 1963
*[[18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]], 1 May 1960 – 15 April 1971 (F-101B)
*[[460th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]], 16 April 1971 – 15 July 1974 (F-106)
{{col-end}}

<small>References for history introduction, major commands and major units</small><ref name="mul2">Mueller, Robert (1989). Volume 1: Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982. USAF Reference Series, Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, Washington, D.C. {{ISBN|0-912799-53-6}}, {{ISBN|0-16-002261-4}}</ref>

== Based units ==
Flying and notable non-flying units based at Grand Forks Air Force Base:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.16af.af.mil/Units/319RW/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191107015536/https://www.16af.af.mil/Units/319RW/|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 November 2019|title=319th Reconnaissance Wing|website=Sixteenth Air Force|publisher=US Air Force|access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbp.gov/border-security/air-sea/oam-operating-locations#tab2|title=Air and Marine Operations Operating Locations {{!}} U.S. Customs and Border Protection|website=U.S. Customs and Border Protection|access-date=21 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.16af.af.mil/News/Article/2009951/319th-air-base-wing-redesignates-as-319th-reconnaissance-wing/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713043910/https://www.16af.af.mil/News/Article/2009951/319th-air-base-wing-redesignates-as-319th-reconnaissance-wing/|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2020|title=319th Air Base Wing re-designates as 319th Reconnaissance Wing|date=28 June 2019|website=Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber)|publisher=US Air Force|language=en-US|access-date=18 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nd005.cap.gov/|title=Grand Forks Composite Squadron|website=Civil Air Patrol|publisher=Civil Air Patrol North Dakota Wing|access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sheppard.af.mil/News/Commentaries/Display/Article/836601/372nd-trs-det-27-making-great-maintainers-and-communicators-even-better/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916084833/http://www.sheppard.af.mil/News/Commentaries/Display/Article/836601/372nd-trs-det-27-making-great-maintainers-and-communicators-even-better/|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2017|title=372nd TRS, Det 27: making great maintainers and communicators even better|website=Sheppard AFB|date=18 July 2016 |publisher=US Air Force|access-date=3 May 2022}}</ref>{{Col-begin}}
 {{Col-break}}

=== United States Air Force ===
'''[[Air Combat Command]] (ACC)'''

* [[Sixteenth Air Force]]
**[[319th Reconnaissance Wing]] (Host wing)
*** 319th Comptroller Squadron
*** [[319th Operations Group]]
**** 319th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
**** 319th Operations Support Squadron
****[[348th Reconnaissance Squadron]] – [[Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk|E/RQ-4B Global Hawk]]
*** 319th Medical Group
**** 319th Health Care Operations Squadron
**** 319th Medical Support Squadron
**** 319th Operational Medical Readiness Squadron
*** 319th Mission Support Group
**** 319th Civil Engineer Squadron
**** 319th Communications Squadron
**** 319th Contracting Flight
**** 319th Logistics Readiness Squadron
**** 319th Force Support Squadron
**** 319th Security Forces Squadron
{{Col-break}}

'''[[Air Education and Training Command]] (AETC)'''
*[[Second Air Force]]
**[[82nd Training Wing]]
***982nd Training Group
****372nd Training Squadron
*****Detachment 27

'''[[Civil Air Patrol]] (CAP)'''
* North Central Region
** [[North Dakota Wing Civil Air Patrol|North Dakota Wing]]
*** Grand Forks Composite Squadron (ND-005)

=== United States Customs and Border Protection ===
'''[[CBP Air and Marine Operations|Air and Marine Operations]]'''

* National Air Security Operations Center-Grand Forks – [[General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper|MQ-9 Reaper]] and various fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft
{{Col-end}}

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Grand Forks Air Force Base (CDP)}}
Grand Forks is also a [[United States Census Bureau]] designated place.

==Education==
It is within the [[Grand Forks AFB Public School District 140]].<ref name=GrandForksCoSDMap2020>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st38_nd/schooldistrict_maps/c38035_grand_forks/DC20SD_C38035.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Grand Forks County, ND|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-12-01}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st38_nd/schooldistrict_maps/c38035_grand_forks/DC20SD_C38035_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> The district, along with the Grand Forks School District, is administered as part of [[Grand Forks Public Schools]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gfschools.org/districts/district1|title=About Us|publisher=[[Grand Forks Public Schools]]|access-date=2024-12-01|quote=The Grand Forks and Grand Forks Air Force Base Public School Districts work together[...]}}</ref>

==Timeline==
*1954 The Department of Defense chose Grand Forks as the site for a new installation.
*5 February 1956 Contractors begin construction of the base.
*8 February 1957 [[Air Defense Command]] (ADC) activated the [[478th Fighter Group]] at Grand Forks AFB as the host unit for the base.
*1 September 1958 [[Strategic Air Command]] (SAC) activated the 4133d Strategic Wing (Provisional) as a tenant unit at Grand Forks AFB.
*15 December 1959 The Grand Forks Air Defense Sector of the [[North American Air Defense Command]] became operational with the [[Semi Automatic Ground Environment]] (SAGE) System.
*1 May 1960 The [[18th Fighter Squadron|18th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]] (FIS) was stationed at Grand Forks AFB with its [[F-101 Voodoo#F-101B .2F CF-101B .2F EF-101B|F-101B Voodoos]].
*6 May 1960 The [[905th Air Refueling Squadron]] (ARS) (Heavy), a unit assigned to the 4133d Strategic Wing, received its first [[KC-135 Stratotanker|KC-135A Stratotanker]].
*28 December 1960 The [[478th Fighter Wing]] was activated under the ADC and became the host unit for the base.
*29 April 1962 The [[30th Bomb Squadron|30th Bombardment Squadron]], a unit assigned to the 4133d Strategic Wing, received its first [[B-52 Stratofortress|B-52H Stratofortress]].
*1 February 1963 Strategic Air Command organized the [[319th Air Refueling Wing|319th Bombardment Wing (Heavy)]] at Grand Forks AFB. The 319 BMW became the host wing as the 4133d Strategic Wing inactivated and command of the base transferred from the ADC to SAC.
*19 August 1964 Strategic Air Command activated the 804th Combat Support Group (CSG) as the host unit at Grand Forks AFB.
*1 September 1964 Strategic Air Command stationed the 4th Air Division, later named 4th Strategic Aerospace Division, at Grand Fork AFB.
*1 November 1964 The [[321st Strategic Missile Wing]] (SMW) was organized at Grand Forks AFB and construction began on its [[Minuteman II#Minuteman II|Minuteman II]] missile complex.
*December 1966 The [[321 SMW]] became operational with the Minuteman II missile.
*15 April 1971 Air Defense Command inactivated 18 FIS.
*30 June 1971 The 4th Strategic Air Division transferred to [[F.E. Warren Air Force Base|Francis E. Warren AFB]], [[Wyoming]].
*1 July 1971 The [[321 SMW]] assumed host unit duties from the 804 CSG.
*30 July 1971 Air Defense Command stationed the [[460th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron]], with [[F-106 Delta Dart]]s, at Grand Forks AFB.
*8 March 1973 The [[321st Strategic Missile Wing]] completed an upgrade to [[LGM-30 Minuteman|Minuteman III]] missiles.
*1974 The ADC inactivated the 460 FIS.
*1986–1987 The 319th Bombardment Wing converted from the B-52G Stratofortress and KC-135A Stratotanker to the [[B-1 Lancer|B-1B Lancer]] and KC-135R Stratotanker.
*16 June 1988 Strategic Air Command transferred the [[42d Air Division]] (AD) to Grand Forks as the host support unit for the base.
*9 July 1991 Strategic Air Command inactivated the 42&nbsp;AD and appointed the 319th Bombardment Wing as the host unit for the base.
*1 September 1991 The 319th Bombardment Wing was redesignated as the 319th Wing. The [[321st Strategic Missile Wing]] was redesignated as the [[321st Missile Wing]] (MW).
*1 June 1992 The Air Force inactivated the Strategic Air Command and reassigned Grand Forks AFB to the [[Air Combat Command]]. The 319th Wing was redesignated as the 319th Bomb Wing. The 905 ARS was reassigned to the [[Grissom AFB]], [[Indiana]], although it continued to operate from Grand Forks AFB.
*1 July 1993 The [[321 MW]] was reassigned to [[Air Force Space Command]].
*1 October 1993 The Air Force redesignated the 319th Bomb Wing as the 319th Air Refueling Wing, reassigned it to [[Air Mobility Command]], and reassigned the 905th Air Refueling Squadron to the wing.
*1994 As part of restructuring at Grand Forks the Air Force reassigned the [[906th Air Refueling Squadron|906th]], [[911th Air Refueling Squadron|911th]], and [[912th Air Refueling Squadron]]s to Grand Forks AFB.
*26 May 1994 The last B-1B Lancer departed from Grand Forks AFB, marking the end of over 30&nbsp;years of bombers at Grand Forks.
*1 July 1994 Air Force Space Command redesignated the [[321 MW]] as the [[321st Missile Group]] (MG).
*1 October 1995 The [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] Administration approved the [[Base Realignment and Closure#Past Rounds|Base Realignment and Closure IV]] committee's recommendation to remove 150 Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missiles from the Grand Forks Air Force Base missile complex and inactivate the [[321st Missile Group]].
*April 1997 After a long, harsh winter, the Grand Forks area suffered a devastating flood due to snowmelt and spring rain. Members of the Grand Forks Air Force Base were called into action, first to help protect the town from the rising waters and later to house the victims of the disaster.
*2 July 1998 The [[321st Missile Group]] inactivated after 34&nbsp;years of service at Grand Forks AFB.
*6 October 1999 The first missile silo was demolished in accordance with the [[START II|Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty]] (START).
*4 December 2010 The last KC-135 tail number 00319 piloted by Lt Gen Vern "Rusty" Findley, the AMC Vice Commander and former 319 ARW commander, departed Grand Forks AFB for its new home at McConnell AFB Kansas, marking the end of the 50-year-long refueling mission at Grand Forks.
* 26 May 2011 The wing received its first RQ-4 Global Hawk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/photo-release-first-global-hawk-arrives-at-its-new-home-in-grand-forks|access-date=27 March 2020|title=First Global Hawk Arrives at Its New Home in Grand Forks}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of United States Air Force installations]]
*[[United States general surveillance radar stations]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Other sources==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{Air Force Historical Research Agency}}
*{{USGovernment|url=http://www.grandforks.af.mil|title=Grand Forks Air Force Base|agency=United States Air Force}}
*Maurer, Maurer. ''Air Force Combat Units of [[World War II]]''. Washington, DC: [[U.S. Government Printing Office]] 1961 (republished 1983, Office of Air Force History, {{ISBN|0-912799-02-1}}).
*Ravenstein, Charles A. ''Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977''. [[Maxwell Air Force Base]], [[Alabama]]: Office of Air Force History 1984. {{ISBN|0-912799-12-9}}.
*Mueller, Robert, ''Air Force Bases Volume I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982'', Office of Air Force History, 1989
*A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization 1946–1980, by Lloyd H. Cornett and Mildred W. Johnson, Office of History, [[Aerospace Defense Center]], [[Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado]]
*Winkler, David F. (1997), Searching the skies: the legacy of the United States Cold War defense radar program. Prepared for United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command.
*[http://www.radomes.org/cgi-bin/museum/acwinfo2x.cgi?site=%22Grand+Forks+AFB,+ND%22&key=GrandForksAFBND&pic=GrandForksAFBND&doc=GrandForksAFBND Grand Forks AFB, ND]
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Grand Forks Air Force Base}}
*{{Official website|https://www.grandforks.af.mil/}}
*[[Historic American Engineering Record]] documentation filed under Cooperstown, Griggs County, ND:
**{{HAER |survey=ND-11 |id=nd0068 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Launch Facility November-33 |photos=11 |data=45 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-11-A |id=nd0067 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Launch Facility November-33, Launcher |photos=26 |data=4 |cap=4 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-11-B |id=nd0069 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Launch Facility November-33, Launch Facility Equipment Building |photos=9 |data=3 |cap=3|link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-12 |id=nd0070 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Alert Facility Oscar-Zero |photos=13 |data=45 |cap=3 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-12-A |id=nd0071 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Alert Facility Oscar-Zero, Launch Control Support Building |photos=28 |data=5 |cap=4 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-12-B |id=nd0072 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Alert Facility Oscar-Zero, Launch Control Center |photos=40 |data=5 |cap=5 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-12-C |id=nd0073 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Alert Facility Oscar-Zero, Launch Control Equipment Building |photos=10 |data=3 |cap=3 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-12-D |id=nd0074 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Missile Alert Facility Oscar-Zero, Vehicle Storage Building |photos=3 |data=3 |cap=2 |link=no}}
*Historic American Engineering Record documentation filed under Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, ND:
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13 |id=nd0112 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals |data=5 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-A |id=nd0113 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Building 306 |photos=29 |data=8 |cap=3 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-B |id=nd0114 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Building 313 |photos=3 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-C |id=nd0115 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Building 513 |photos=6 |data=5 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-D |id=nd0116 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Building 714 |photos=2 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-E |id=nd0117 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Alpha-Zero |photos=5 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-F |id=nd0118 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base, Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Bravo-Zero |photos=10 |data=5 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-G |id=nd0119 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Charlie-Zero |photos=10 |data=5 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-H |id=nd0120 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Delta-Zero |photos=7 |data=4 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-I |id=nd0121 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Echo-Zero |photos=4 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-J |id=nd0122 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Foxtrot-Zero |photos=5 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-K |id=nd0123 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Golf-Zero |photos=6 |data=4 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-L |id=nd0124 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Hotel-Zero |photos=5 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-M |id=nd0125 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility India-Zero |photos=4 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-N |id=nd0126 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Juliet-Zero |photos=5 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-O |id=nd0127 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Kilo-Zero |photos=2 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-P |id=nd0128 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Lima-Zero |photos=3 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-Q |id=nd0129 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Mike-Zero |photos=4 |data=4 |cap=1 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-R |id=nd0130 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility November-Zero |photos=6 |data=4 |cap=2 |link=no}}
**{{HAER |survey=ND-13-S |id=nd0131 |title=Grand Forks Air Force Base Painted Murals, Missile Alert Facility Oscar-Zero |photos=6 |data=4 |cap=2 |link=no}}
*{{FAA-diagram|05010}}
*{{FAA-procedures|RDR}}
{{US-airport-mil|RDR}}

{{US Air Force navbox}}
{{Air Combat Command}}
{{Navboxes
|list =
{{Aerospace Defense Command}}
{{Strategic Air Command}}
{{Grand Forks County, North Dakota}}
{{Greater Grand Forks}}
}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Installations of the United States Air Force in North Dakota]]
[[Category:Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in North Dakota]]
[[Category:Populated places in Grand Forks County, North Dakota]]
[[Category:Greater Grand Forks]]
[[Category:Military installations established in 1955]]
[[Category:Installations of Strategic Air Command]]
[[Category:Aerospace Defense Command military installations]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1955]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Grand Forks County, North Dakota]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in North Dakota]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in North Dakota]]