Editing Great seal

{{Short description|Seal used by a head of state}}
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[[File:Siegel Karl VI.jpg|thumb|Great Seal of [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]]]]

A '''great seal''' is a [[seal (emblem)|seal]] used by a head of state, or someone authorised to do so on their behalf, to confirm formal documents, such as laws, treaties, appointments and letters of dispatch. It was and is used as a guarantee of the authenticity of the most important and solemn records and documents.<ref>{{cite web|title=Great Seal|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/great_seal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007220501/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/great_seal|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 7, 2017|website=Oxford Dictionaries}}</ref>

In the [[Middle Ages]], the great seal played a far greater political role and there was much real power associated with having control over the seal. In addition to the great seal, a prince usually also had a [[privy seal]], used for correspondence of a more private nature.

The seal is usually formally entrusted upon an office-holder to act as [[keeper of the seal]]. This keeper may be a separate office but was also usually combined with that of the [[chancellor]].  Nowadays, the great seal is usually entrusted upon a minister, particularly a [[minister of justice]].

== Design ==
Great seals of republics usually show the nation's [[coat of arms]] (e.g. the [[Great Seal of the United States]]) or an [[allegory|allegorical image]] (e.g. France). For this reason, the design used usually remains unchanged. The seals themselves may, however, be replaced because of wear depending on how often the seal is used. In monarchies, by contrast, the great seal is often changed some time after the accession of a new monarch as the seal often depicts the reigning monarch in full form.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}

== By country ==
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;Current countries
* [[Great Seal of Australia]]
* [[Coat of arms of Germany|Bundesadler]] (Germany)
* [[Great Seal of Canada]]
** [[Great Seal of Ontario]]
** [[Great Seal of Quebec]]
* [[Great Seal of France]]
* [[Coat of arms of Greece#Great Seal of the State|Great Seal of the State]] (Greece)
* [[Seal of the president of Ireland]]
* [[Seal of New Zealand]]
* [[Great Seal of the Realm]] (United Kingdom)
** [[Great Seal of Northern Ireland]]
** [[Great Seal of Scotland]]
** [[Welsh Seal]]
* [[Coat of arms of Peru#The Great Seal of the State|Great Seal of the State]] (Peru)
* [[Great Seal of the Philippines]]
* [[Great Seal of the United States]]
* [[Seal of South Korea|National Seal of the Republic of Korea]]
* [[National Seals of the Republic of China]]
* [[National seals of Japan]]
* {{lookfrom|Great Seal of}}

;Historic seals
*[[Great Seal of the Commonwealth]] (1655)
* [[Seal of the Confederate States]]<!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not add the word "Great" as it would be historically inaccurate. The word "Great" was not in the law passed by the C.S. Congress in 1863 establishing a seal. Thank you. -->
* [[Public Seal of Hong Kong]], the official seal prior to the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong
* [[Great Seal of the Irish Free State]]
*[[Dutch Republic Lion|Great Seal of the Netherlands]]
* The [[Seal of Solomon]] is often referred to as the Great Seal
* The [[Heirloom Seal of the Realm]]

== References ==
{{commons category|Seals}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Seals (insignia)]]
[[Category:Authentication methods]]