Editing Groovebox

{{Short description|Musical instrument designed for live, loop-based music}}
{{multiple image |direction=vertical
 | image1   = Movement Computer Systems (MCS) Drum System II (or Percussion Computer II), circa 1981, United Kingdom - Knobcon 2014.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Movement Systems Drum Computer]] ({{circa|1981}}, UK)<ref name=vse>
		{{cite web
		 | title     = Movement MCS Drum Computer
		 | url       = http://www.vintagesynth.com/misc/mcs_drumcomputer.php
		 | work      = Vintage Synth Explorer
		}}</ref> includes:{{bulleted list|Analog and sampled drum sounds|Music sequencer|[[Cathode-ray tube|CRT]], [[Computer keyboard|keyboard]] and knob controllers}}
 | image2   = EMS Synthi AKS (opened).jpg
 | caption2 = [[Electronic Music Studios]] (EMS) [[EMS Synthi AKS|Synthi AKS]] (1972, UK) includes:{{bulleted list|Analog synthesizer|Knobs|Digital [[music sequencer]] with a touch-plate keyboard for input}}
 | image3   = Firstman SQ-01.png
 | caption3 = [[Multivox#Digital sequencers|Firstman SQ-01]] (1980)
 | image4   = Roland mc202.jpg
 | caption4 = [[Roland MC-202]] (1983)
 | image5   = Linn 9000 view top 300dpi 2550 1635.jpg
 | caption5 = [[Linn 9000]] (1984)
 | image6   = 440overhead.jpg
 | caption6 = [[Sequential Circuits Studio 440]] (1986)
 | image7   = E-mu SP-12.jpg
 | caption7 = [[E-mu SP-12]] (1986)
 | image8   = Akai MPC60.jpg
 | caption8 = [[Akai MPC60]] (1988)
 | image9   = MC-303.jpg
 | caption9 = [[Roland MC-303]] (1996)
}}

A '''groovebox''' is a self-contained electronic or digital musical instrument for the production of live, [[Loop (music)|loop-based]] [[electronic music]] with a high degree of user control facilitating improvisation. The term "Groovebox" was originally used by [[Roland Corporation]] to refer to its [[Roland MC-303|MC-303]], released in 1996.<ref>{{cite web
  | title = Roland MC-303 GrooveBox
  | publisher = Roland U.S.
  | date = June 1996
  | url = http://www.rolandus.com/products/productdetails.aspx?dsection=d_support&ObjectId=171
  | access-date = 2009-03-31 }}</ref> The term has since entered general use,<ref>[http://www.soundonsound.com/search?Keyword=groovebox ''Sound on Sound'' articles on grooveboxes]</ref> and the concept dates back to the [[Movement Systems Drum Computer|Movement Computer Systems Drum Computer]] in 1981 and [[Fairlight CMI]] ''[[Fairlight CMI#Page R|Page R]]'' in 1982.

A groovebox consists of three integrated elements. 
* One or more sound sources, such as a [[drum machine]], a synthesizer, or a [[Sampler (musical instrument)|sampler]]
* A [[music sequencer]]
* A control surface that is a combination of knobs ([[potentiometer]]s or [[rotary encoder]]s), sliders, and/or buttons, and display elements ([[LED]]s and/or an [[LCD]] screen)

The integration of these elements into a single system allows the musician to rapidly construct and control a pattern-based [[sequence]], often with multiple instrumental or percussion voices playing simultaneously.

These sequences may also be quickly chained together into a song in a live performance. Grooveboxes allow sequences and songs to be saved, retrieved from memory, and inserted into the current performance whilst playing. In some cases, an entire musical performance may be created by a single player with a single groovebox.  In other cases, the groovebox is simply one instrument amongst many. This is reflected by the large variety of grooveboxes available, ranging from Roland's lower-end MC and SP products which include basic sequencing and sampling capabilities, to Akai's flagship MPC 4000 and 5000, Yamaha's RS7000 or Roland's own MV-8800 which include features such as high-end sampling, high-polyphony synthesizers, and extensive sequencing, connection and storage possibilities.

Groovebox style instruments have facilitated many performers, both amateur and professional, who may have previously been unfamiliar with electronic music, to explore the genre.  Whilst some in the genre initially derided these instruments (in particular the MC-303) and the opening of the field as leading to a drop in standards, they are now generally accepted as having a legitimate place in the form. In addition, many performers and bands from outside the electronic community have integrated groovebox instruments into their shows, as a convenient way of incorporating electronic sound into a more traditional format. The sequencer and control aspects of a groovebox may be used to control an external instrument over [[MIDI]], and the internal voices may similarly be controlled by external equipment.

A groovebox is similar to a [[music workstation]].  The general differences are that it will often omit, or include only a simplified keyboard, is designed to be portable, and will usually include more user controls.  Whereas a workstation is often targeted towards studio musicians and composers, grooveboxes are designed more to suit the needs of live performers.  However, units matching either description are used both on stage and in the studio. A defining characteristic of a groovebox is the ability for the performer to alter both the sequence and the sound parameters in real time, without interruption of the performance.  Units marketed as such, which have failed to implement this feature correctly, or at all, have not been well received.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

The Roland Groovebox may also be compared to [[drum machine]]s such as the earlier [[Roland corporation|Roland]] TR series (606, [[TR-808|808]], [[TR-909|909]] etc.), or to their [[TB-303]], and the term has retroactively been applied to such units.

==Models==
In the entry order of each manufacturer:
* 1972: [[Electronic Music Studios]] (EMS) [[EMS Synthi AKS|Synthi AKS]] (analogue synthesizer with an embedded digital [[music sequencer]] and a touch-plate keyboard for input)
* 1980: [[Multivox#Digital sequencers|Firstman SQ-01]] (step sequencer with embedded analogue synthesizer and knob controllers)<ref name="synrise-SQ01">{{cite web |title=Multivox International |url=http://www.synrise.de/docs/types/f/firstman.htm |language=de |work=SYNRISE |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030420170643/http://www.synrise.de/docs/types/f/firstman.htm |archive-date=2003-04-20 }}</ref>
* 1981: [[Movement Systems Drum Computer|Movement Computer Systems]]'s [[Movement Systems Drum Computer|Movement Drum System I]] {{smaller|(1981)}}, Movement Drum System II {{smaller|(1983)}}
* 1983: [[Roland Corporation]]'s [[Roland MC-202|MC-202]] {{smaller|(1983–1985)}}<ref name="emusician">[http://www.emusician.com/gear/1332/roland-mc-202-microcomposer/32354 Roland MC-202 MicroComposer], ''[[Electronic Musician]]'', November 2001</ref> (analogue synthesizer based on [[Roland SH-101|SH-101]] with an step sequencer and a push button keyboard for input)
* 1984: [[Linn Electronics]]'s [[Linn 9000]] {{smaller|(1984–1986)}}
* 1986: [[Sequential Circuits Studio 440]] {{smaller|(1986–1987)}}
* 1986: [[E-mu Systems]] [[E-mu SP-12|SP-12]] {{smaller|(1986)}}, [[E-mu SP-1200|SP-1200]] {{smaller|(1987)}}, Launch-Pad {{smaller|(1996)}}, [[E-mu Proteus#Command Station|Command Stations]] [[XL-7]], [[MP-7 (drum machine)|MP-7]], [[PX-7]] {{smaller|(2001)}}
* 1986: [[Korg]] [[List of Korg products#1980s|DDD-1]] {{smaller|(1986)}}, [[Electribe]] series {{smaller|(1999–)}}, [[List of Korg products#2010s|Monotribe]] {{smaller|(2011)}}, [[List of Korg products#2010s|Volca]] series {{smaller|(2013)}}
* 1986: [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]] [[List of Yamaha products#Groove machines|RX5]] {{smaller|(1986)}}, [[List of Yamaha products#Groove machines|RX7]] {{smaller|(1987)}}, [[Yamaha SU700|SU700]] {{smaller|(1998)}}, [[Yamaha RM1x|RM1x]] {{smaller|(1999–2002)}}, [[List of Yamaha products#Groove machines|RS7000]] {{smaller|(2001)}}, [[Yamaha DX200|DX200]] {{smaller|(2001)}}, [[Yamaha AN200|AN200]] {{smaller|(2001)}}
* 1988: [[Akai#Akai Professional|Akai]]'s [[Music Production Center|MPC]] series — [[Akai MPC60|MPC60]] {{smaller|(1988)}}, [[Akai MPC60|MPC60 II]] {{smaller|(1991)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC500|MPC500]] {{smaller|(2006)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC1000|MPC1000]] {{smaller|(2003)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC2000|MPC2000]] {{smaller|(1997–2000)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC2000XL|MPC2000XL]] {{smaller|(1999–2004)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC2500|MPC2500]]  {{smaller|(2005)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC3000|MPC3000]] {{smaller|(1993)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC4000|MPC4000]] {{smaller|(2002–2008)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPC5000|MPC5000]] {{smaller|(2008–2012)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPCOne|MPC One]] {{smaller|(2020)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPCLive|MPC Live]] {{smaller|(2017-2020)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPCLiveII|MPC Live II]] {{smaller|(2020)}}, [[MIDI Production Center#MPCX|MPC X]] {{smaller|(2017)}}
* 1996: [[Quasimidi]] [[QM-309 Rave-o-lution]] {{smaller|(1996)}}
* 1996: Roland '''Groovebox''' [[Roland MC-303|MC-303]] {{smaller|(1996–1997)}}, [[Roland MC-505|MC-505]], [[Roland MC-307|MC-307]], [[Roland MC-09|MC-09]], [[Roland D2|D2]], [[Roland MC-909|MC-909]], [[Roland MC-808|MC-808]], [[Roland SP-404|SP-404]], [[Roland SP-606|SP-606]], [[Roland SP-808|SP-808]], [[Roland SP-555|SP-555]], [[Roland MV-8000|MV-8000]] {{smaller|(2003–2006)}}, [[Roland MV-8800|MV-8800]] {{smaller|(2007–2010)}}, [[Roland EF-303|EF-303]], [[Roland SH-32|SH-32]], [[Roland MC-101|MC-101]] {{smaller|(2019)}}, [[Roland MC-707|MC-707]] {{smaller|(2019)}}<br/>'''Note''': Roland's trademark "Groovebox" has been used since 1996, that is ten years after the establishments of generic Groove machines E-mu SP-12 in 1986.
* 1997: [[Ensoniq ASR-X]] {{smaller|(1997)}}
* 1998: [[Boss Corporation]]'s [[SP-202]], [[SP-303]] {{smaller|(2001)}}, [[SP-505]] {{smaller|(2002)}}
* 1999: [[Zoom Corporation]] [[Sampletrak ST-224]] {{smaller|(1999)}}<ref>
  {{cite journal |ref={{sfnref|Derek|Debbie|1999}}
   | last1     = Johnson | first1 = Derek
   | last2     = Poyser  | first2 = Debbie 
   | title     = Zoom Sampletrak ST-224
   | url       = http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jan99/articles/zoomsample695.htm
   | journal   = [[Sound on Sound]]
   | issue     = January 1999
  }}</ref>
* 2004: [[Elektron Monomachine]] {{smaller|(2004–)}}
* 2004: [[Radikal Technologies]] [[Spectralis 1]] {{smaller|(2004)}}, [[Spectralis 2]] {{smaller|(2009)}}
* 2009: [[Native Instruments]] [[Maschine]] {{smaller|(2009–)}}
* 2010: [[Beat Kangz Electronics]]'s [[Beat Thang]] {{smaller|(2010–)}}
*2015: [[Novation Digital Music Systems|Novation]] Circuit
* 2016: [[Pioneer DJ]] (with [[Dave Smith (engineer)|Dave Smith]]) [[TORAIZ SP-16]] {{smaller|(2016)}},<ref name=MusicRader2016>
  {{cite web
   | title     = Musikmesse 2016: Pioneer reveals TORAIZ SP-16 sampler, complete with Dave Smith analogue filters<!-- - Quantizing via Pro DJ Link rounds out exciting 'DJ-live performance instrument' -->
   | url       = http://www.musicradar.com/news/tech/musikmesse-2016-pioneer-reveals-toraiz-sp-16-sampler-complete-with-dave-smith-analogue-filters-636639
   | department= Tech News
   | date      = 2016-04-05
   | magazine  = [[MusicRadar]]
   | publisher = [[Future Publishing]]
  }}
</ref> [[TORAIZ AS-1]] {{smaller|(2017)}}<ref name=DJMag2017>
  {{cite web
   | title    = Pioneer DJ revails debut analog synth, the TORAIZ AS-1 - Dave Smith & Pioneer DJ team up…
   | url       = https://djmag.com/news/pioneer-dj-unviel-debut-synth-toraiz-1
   | department= News
   | date      = 2017-01-19
   | magazine  = [[DJ Magazine]]
   | publisher = Thrust Publishing
  }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Electronic musical instruments]]
[[Category:Grooveboxes| ]]
[[Category:Japanese inventions]]