Editing Grumman C-1 Trader

{{short description|United States Navy carrier on-board delivery (COD) transport aircraft}}
{{Infobox aircraft
 |name= C-1 Trader <br /> TF Trader
 |image= File:Grumman C-1 flying side view.jpg
 |caption= A C-1A Trader from [[Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove|Naval Air Station, Willow Grove]], Pennsylvania in 1987
 |type= [[Carrier onboard delivery]]
 |national_origin = United States
 |manufacturer= [[Grumman]]
 |first_flight= 19 January 1955
 |introduction=1956 
 |retired= 1988
 |number_built= 87
 |status=  <!--In most cases, redundant; use sparingly-->
 |primary_user= [[United States Navy]]
 |more_users=
 |developed_from= [[Grumman S-2 Tracker]]
 |variants=
 |developed_into= [[Grumman E-1 Tracer]]
}}

The '''Grumman C-1 Trader''' ('''TF''' prior to 1962) is a [[carrier onboard delivery]] (COD) variant of the [[Grumman S-2 Tracker]]. It was replaced by a similar version of the [[Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye]], the [[Grumman C-2 Greyhound]]. It entered service in 1956 and was retired in 1988, with 87 aircraft produced.

==Design and development==
The C-1 Trader grew out of a need by the [[United States Navy]] for a new [[Anti-submarine weapon|anti-submarine]] airplane. In response to this [[Grumman]] began development on a prototype twin-engine, high-wing aircraft which it designated the G-89. In 1952 the Navy designated this aircraft the '''XS2F-1''' and flew it for the first time on December 4 that year. During the rest of the 1950s three major variants emerged, the C-1 Trader being one of them. The C-1 (originally the '''TF-1''', for "Trainer", a secondary role)<ref>{{cite book |last= Bishop |first= Chris |last2=Chant |first2= Chris |title= Aircraft Carriers |year= 2004 |publisher= Summertime Publishing Ltd. |location= London |isbn= 0-7603-2005-5 |pages= 168}}</ref> was outfitted to carry nine passengers or {{convert|3500|lb|kg}} of cargo and first flew in January 1955.

==Operational history==
[[File:C-1A Trader landing on USS Midway (CV-41), circa in 1982.jpg|thumb|left|C-1 Trader lands on [[USS Midway (CV-41)]], 1982]]
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s the C-1 Trader carried mail and supplies to [[aircraft carrier]]s on station in the Pacific Ocean during the [[Vietnam War]] and also served as a trainer for all-weather carrier operations. Over its production life 87 C-1 Traders were built, of which four were converted into '''EC-1A Tracer''' [[electronic countermeasures]] aircraft.<ref>{{cite book |last= Donald |first= David |author2=Daniel J. March |title= Carrier Aviation Air Power Directory |year= 2001 |publisher= AIRtime Publishing |location= Norwalk, CT |isbn= 1-880588-43-9 }}</ref> The last C-1 was retired from USN service in 1988; it was the second-to-last radial-engine aircraft in U.S. military service (The last [[C-131]] wasn't retired until 1990). As of 2010, approximately ten were still airworthy in civil hands, operating as [[warbird]]s.{{citation needed|date=August 2010}}

In 1956 the U.S. Marine Corps Test Unit Number 1 (MCTU #1) tested the concept of using the TF-1 variant as a vehicle for inserting reconnaissance teams behind enemy lines.  “On 9 July 1956 MCTU Recon Marines became the first to parachute from a TF-1.  Less than three weeks later, four recon parachutists launched from the [[USS Bennington (CV-20)|USS ''Bennington'']], which was 70 miles at sea, and jumped on a desert drop zone near El Centro California, some 100 miles inland.  For the first time in Marine Corps and Naval Aviation history, the technique of introducing recon personnel off a carrier sea base to an inland objective had successfully been tested.”<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lanning and Stubbe|first1=Michael, Ray|title=Inside Force Recon|date=1989|publisher=Ivy Books|isbn=-08041-0301-1|page=34|ref=21}}</ref>

In August 2010, [[Brazilian Naval Aviation]] announced that it would buy and modernize eight C-1 airframes to serve in [[carrier onboard delivery]] (COD) and [[aerial refueling]] roles for use on its aircraft carrier [[Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo (A12)|''São Paulo'']].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/08/23/346412/brazilian-navy-buys-traders.html|title=Brazilian navy buys Traders}}</ref>  In 2011 contract was signed with Marsh Aviation to convert four ex-US Navy C-1A Trader airframes into KC-2 Turbo Traders.<ref name=FG>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-navy-restarts-kc-2-turbo-trader-contract-406169/|title = Brazilian Navy restarts KC-2 Turbo Trader contract|website=FlightGlobal}}</ref> The first KC-2 prototype flight was expected for November 2017 and the delivery of the first operational aircraft was scheduled for December 2018; in 2014 the contract was reaffirmed,<ref name="FG"/> but by 2023, with no aircraft having been delivered and ''São Paulo'' long since having been stricken, the contract was cancelled.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brazilian Navy kills KC-2 project 12 years later and without receiving any aircraft |url=https://www.riotimesonline.com/brazil-news/defense-updates/brazilian-navy-kills-kc-2-project-12-years-later-and-without-receiving-any-aircraft/ |access-date=14 November 2024 |publisher=[[The Rio Times]] |date=29 March 2023}}</ref>

==Variants==
[[File:Grumman C-1 taking off at Willow Grove.jpg|thumb|Grumman C-1 at [[Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Willow Grove|Willow Grove Base]], Pennsylvania, USA. 1987]]
[[File:Grumman C-1 wings folded aboard USS Lexington.jpg|thumb|On the deck of the USS Lexington, 1985]]

;TF-1
:Carrier Onboard Delivery version of the S-2 Tracker with enlarged fuselage for nine passengers, redesignated C-1A in 1962, 87 built.
;TF-1Q
:Electronic Countermeasures conversion of the TF-1, redesignated EC-1A in 1962, four conversions.
;TF-1W
:Airborne Early Warning project that was developed in the [[Grumman E-1 Tracer|WF-2 Tracer]].
;C-1A
:TF-1 redesignated in 1962.
;EC-1A
:TF-1Q redesignated in 1962.
;KC-2 Turbo Trader
:[[Marsh Aviation]] modernization project for Air-to-Air Refueling, requested for the Brazilian Navy.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/brazilian-traders-set-for-modernisation-365929/ "Brazilian Traders set for modernisation"] ''Fight Global, 14 Dec 2011'' Retrieved: 23 December 2011</ref>
;G-101
:proposed 10-12 seat passenger variant
;G-104
:proposed tanker variant

==Operators==
;{{USA}}
*[[United States Navy]]
;{{BRA}} (Retired)
*[[Brazilian Naval Aviation]]

==Surviving aircraft==
[[File:C-1A Trader (21240943122).jpg|thumb|Retired C-1 on display at an air show, 2011]]
;Airworthy 
* BuNo 136752 – based at Lauridsen Aviation Museum in [[Buckeye, Arizona]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190314143538/http://lauridsenaviationmuseum.com/portfolio-item/c-1a-2/ "Grumman C-1 Trader/136752."]}} ''Lauridsen Aviation Museum.'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref><ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=71456 "FAA Registry/N71456."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>
* BuNo 136766 – privately owned in [[Carson City, Nevada]].<ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=6193Z "FAA Registry/N6193Z."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>
* BuNo 136773 – privately owned in [[Wilmington, Delaware]].<ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=6193N "FAA Registry/N6193N."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>
* BuNo 136778 – based at [[Champaign Aviation Museum]] in [[Urbana, Ohio]].<ref>[https://www.champaignaviationmuseum.org/c-1a "Grumman C-1 Trader/136778."] ''Champaign Aviation Museum.'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref><ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=778SR "FAA Registry/N778SR."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>
* BuNo 136781 – based at [[Pacific Coast Air Museum]] in [[Santa Rosa, California]].<ref>[https://pacificcoastairmuseum.org/aircraft/c-1a-trader/ "Grumman C-1A Trader/136781."] ''Pacific Coast Air Museum.'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref><ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=475AM "FAA Registry/N475AM."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>
* BuNo 146027 – privately owned in [[Wilmington, Delaware]].<ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=927BN "FAA Registry/N927BN."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>
* BuNo 146044 – privately owned in [[Oklahoma City, OK]].<ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=189G "FAA Registry/N189G."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 3 January 2023.</ref>
* BuNo 146048 – privately owned in [[Reno, Nevada]].<ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=7171M "FAA Registry/N7171M."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>
* BuNo 146052 – based at [[Lone Star Flight Museum]] in [[Galveston, Texas]].<ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=81193 "FAA Registry/N81193."] ''faa.gov'' Retrieved: 6 August 2021.</ref>

;On display
* BuNo 136754 – [[National Museum of Naval Aviation]], [[NAS Pensacola]], [[Pensacola, Florida]].<ref>[http://www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits/item/?item=c-1_trader "Grumman C-1A Trader/136754."] ''National Naval Aviation Museum.'' Retrieved: 27 April 2016.</ref>
* BuNo 136790 – [[Grissom Air Museum]], [[Grissom ARB]] (former [[Grissom AFB]]), [[Kokomo, Indiana]].<ref>[http://www.grissomairmuseum.com/gallery/cargotransports/plane6 "Grumman C-1A Trader/136790."] ''Grissom Air Museum.'' Retrieved: 27 April 2016.</ref>
* BuNo 136792 – [[Naval Supply Systems Command|NAVSUP]] Weapon Systems Support [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.grummantracker.com/usatraders.htm|title=USA Museum or Outside Display TF-1 /C-1A Traders|website=Grumman S2F Tracker Survivors|accessdate=3 August 2023}}</ref> (formerly display at the [[Quonset Air Museum]])
* BuNo 146034 – [[Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum]], former [[NAS Willow Grove]], [[Horsham, Pennsylvania]].<ref>[http://wingsoffreedommuseum.org/index.php/our-aircraft/17-aircraft/aircraft-fixed-wing/20-aircraft-c-1a-trader "Grumman C-1A Trader/146034."] ''Wings of Freedom Museum.'' Retrieved: 27 April 2016.</ref>
* BuNo 146036 – [[USS Midway Museum]], [[San Diego, California]].<ref>[https://www.midway.org/exhibits-activities/exhibits/aircraft-gallery/propellers-airplanes/c-1-trader/ "Grumman C-1A Trader/146036."] ''USS Midway Museum.'' Retrieved: 27 April 2016.</ref>

==Specifications (C-1A)==
[[File:C-1A CVA-43 1967.jpg|thumb|C-1A on board [[USS Coral Sea (CV-43)|USS ''Coral Sea'']], with its wings folded.]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=''Grumman aircraft since 1929.''<ref name=Francilon>{{cite book |last1=Francillon |first1=René Jacquet |title=Grumman aircraft since 1929 |date=1989 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=0851778356 |pages=387–393 |edition=1st}}</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=3
|capacity=9 pax / {{cvt|8500|lb|0}} payload
|length ft=42
|length in=
|length note=
|span ft=69
|span in=8
|span note=
|height ft=16
|height in=3.5
|height sigfig=3
|height note=
|wing area sqft=485
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil='''root:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 63A420]]; '''tip:''' [[NACA airfoil|NACA 63A415]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight lb=16631
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=23031
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=24600
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=[[Wright R-1820-82WA Cyclone]]
|eng1 type=9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engines
|eng1 hp=1525
|eng1 note=

|prop blade number=3
|prop name=constant-speed fully-feathering reversible-pitch propellers
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=280
|max speed note=at {{cvt|4000|ft}}
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed mph=167
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed note=
|range miles=1110
|range note=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=24800
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ftmin=1950
|climb rate sigfig=1
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=47.5
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.13|hp/lb}}

|more performance=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
*[[Grumman S-2 Tracker]]
*[[Grumman E-1 Tracer]]
|similar aircraft=
*[[Grumman C-2 Greyhound]]
|lists=
|see also=
*[[Carrier onboard delivery]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Grumman aircraft}}
{{US transport aircraft}}
{{USN trainer aircraft}}

[[Category:Grumman aircraft|C-001 Trader]]
[[Category:1950s United States military transport aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Carrier-based aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1955]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]