Editing Gummo Marx

{{short description|American comedian (1892–1977)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Gummo Marx
| image              = Gummo Marx, Tonight Show.jpg
| caption            = Gummo at a reunion of his brothers on the ''Tonight Show''
| birth_name         = Milton Marx
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1892|10|23}}
| birth_place        = [[New York City]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1977|04|21|1892|10|23}}
| death_place        = [[Palm Springs]], California, U.S.
| resting_place      = [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery]], Glendale, California, U.S.
| occupation         = {{hlist|Vaudevillian|actor|comedian|theatrical agent}}
| years active       = 1899−1918
| spouse             = {{marriage|Helen von Tilzer|1929|1976|end=d.}}
| children           = 2<!-- 1 biological, 1 gained through marriage -->
| parents            = [[Sam Marx|Sam "Frenchie" Marx]]<br>[[Minnie Marx|Minnie Schönberg]]
| relatives          = [[Chico Marx]] (older brother)<br> [[Harpo Marx]] (older brother)<br> [[Groucho Marx]] (older brother) <br> [[Zeppo Marx]] (younger brother)<br> [[Al Shean]] (maternal uncle)<br> [[Gregg Marx]] (grandson)
}}

'''Milton''' "'''Gummo'''" '''Marx''' (October 23, 1892 – April 21, 1977) was an American [[vaudevillian]] performer, actor, comedian, and theatrical agent.<ref name=obit/> He was the second youngest of the five [[Marx Brothers]]. Born in [[Manhattan]], he worked with his brothers on the vaudeville circuit, leaving the act when he was drafted into the [[U.S. Army|US Army]] in 1918 during [[World War I]] and replaced by his brother [[Zeppo Marx|Zeppo]]. He had no taste for the theatre, never appeared in any of his brothers' films, and became a successful businessman.

== Early life ==
Marx was born in [[Manhattan]], New York City, on October 23, 1892.<ref group=note>The 1900 United States Census shows his birth as "October 1892". His World War I and World War II  draft registrations uses "October 21, 1892". His death certificate and his grave use the year 1893. The documents originating closest to the birth date are usually more accurate.</ref> His parents were [[Sam Marx]] (called "Frenchie" throughout his life), and [[Minnie Marx|Minnie Schoenberg Marx]]. Marx's family was Jewish. His mother was from [[Dornum]] in [[East Frisia]], and his father was a native of [[Alsace]] and worked as a tailor.<ref>[http://judaisme.sdv.fr/perso/marxbr/geneal.htm ''La famille paternelle des Marx Brothers''] {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Mrs. Minnie Marx. Mother of Four Marx Brothers, Musical Comedy Stars, Dies.|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/16/archives/mrs-minnie-marx-mother-of-four-marx-brothers-musical-comedy-stars.html|date=September 16, 1929|page=27|access-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Samuel Marx, Father of Four Marx Brothers of Stage and Screen Fame|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/05/12/archives/samuel-marx-i-father-of-four-marx-brothers-of-i-stage-and-screen.html|newspaper=New York Times|date=May 12, 1933|page=17|access-date=June 27, 2008}}</ref>

== Career==
[[File:Four Marx Bros Mr Green Reception New Orleans Times-Democrat 11 May 1913.png|thumb|1913 advertisement for "Green's Reception" at the Greenwall. Left to right, Groucho, Chico, Harpo and Gummo.|left]]
Gummo was the first of his brothers to make his debut on stage, pretending to be a dummy in an act with his uncle Henry Shean (né Heinemann Schoenberg), the brother of [[Al Shean]], in 1899.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Milton was put into a costume with a [[papier-mâché]] head and pretended to be a dummy while Henry pretended to work him.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} The act may have only been performed once and was not helped by Shean's deafness or Milton's stammer.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bader|first=Robert S.|title=Four of the Three Musketeers: The Marx Brothers on Stage |date=2016|publisher=Northwestern University Press|location=Evanston, IL|pages=53–54|isbn=9780810134164}}</ref>

Gummo, who in an interview said he never liked being on stage,{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} left the group and joined the military during World War I. He was not sent overseas because the armistice was signed shortly afterward.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Gummo's younger brother Zeppo took his place in the group. After his Army career, Gummo went into the [[raincoat]] business.<ref>{{citation |title=Current Biography |url=http://tc.education.pitt.edu/library/MS-ReSearch/I-Search2009/MarxBrothersCurrentBio.html |publisher=[[H. W. Wilson Company|The H. W. Wilson Company]] |access-date=November 29, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426010905/http://tc.education.pitt.edu/library/MS-ReSearch/I-Search2009/MarxBrothersCurrentBio.html |archive-date=April 26, 2012 }}</ref> He later joined with Zeppo and operated a [[talent agency|theatrical agency]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CWdn5BCtHwYC&q=%22milton+marx%22&pg=PA92|title=The Marx Brothers: Their World, Their Movies, Their Lives, Their Humour and Their Legacy|first=Robert Graham|last=Anstey|date=June 5, 2017|publisher=West Coast Paradise Pub.|isbn=9781896779850|access-date=June 5, 2017|via=Google Books}}{{Dead link|date=April 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> After that collaboration ended, Gummo represented his brother Groucho and worked on the television show ''[[The Life of Riley]]'', which he helped develop.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Gummo represented other on-screen talent and a number of writers, and was well-respected as a businessman. He rarely required contracts, believing that if the people he represented liked his work, they would stay with him.<ref>Simon Louvish (2000) ''Monkey Business: The Lives and Legends of the Marx Brothers''. New York: Thomas Dunne, 337&ndash;8. {{ISBN|0-312-25292-7}}</ref> Around the time he left his brothers' Vaudeville act, Marx applied for a patent for a clothes-packing rack.  On October 28, 1919, Marx was granted patent US1320335A.<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1320335A/en?q=milton+marx Patent US1320335A: Devices facilitating the insertion of articles or materials into bags e.g. guides or chutes], US Patent Office, 1919.</ref>

Gummo may have received his [[nickname]] because he had a tendency to sneak around backstage, creeping up on others like a "gumshoe" private [[detective]]. Another explanation cited by biographers and family members is that Milton, the sickliest of the brothers, often wore [[Galoshes|rubber overshoes]], also called "gumshoes", to protect himself in inclement weather.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bader|first=Robert S.|title=Four of the Three Musketeers: The Marx Brothers on Stage |date=2016|publisher=Northwestern University Press|location=Evanston, IL|page=170|isbn=9780810134164}}</ref> According to Zeppo in a much later BBC TV interview, Gummo may have received his [[nickname]] because he was usually chewing gum.<ref>BBC Archives</ref>

== Personal life and death ==
Marx married Helen von Tilzer née Theaman (who had a two-year-old daughter, Karlyn "Kay" von Tilzer, from her previous marriage), on May 3, 1929.;<ref>Index to New York City Marriages, 1866-1937. Marriage License Date: May 3, 1929; License Number: 10208</ref> they remained married until her death in January 1976.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Their son, Robert Stuart, was born on August 19, 1930.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/gummo-marx-21181099|title=Gummo Marx|website=Biography.com|access-date=June 5, 2017}}</ref> Gummo's grandson [[Gregg Marx]] is an actor.

[[File:gummomarxgrave.jpg|thumb|Crypt of Gummo Marx|left]]
Gummo died on April 21, 1977, at his home in [[Palm Springs, California]], aged 84, from a [[cerebral hemorrhage]].<ref name=obit>{{cite news|agency=[[Reuters]]|title=Gummo Marx, Managed Comedians|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/22/archives/gummo-marx-managed-comedians.html |quote=Gummo Marx, an original member of the Marx brothers' comedy team, died here today. He was 83 years old.|newspaper=[[New York Times]]|date=April 22, 1977|page=D19|access-date=December 15, 2013}}</ref> His death was never reported to Groucho, who by that time had become so ill and weak that it was thought the news would be a further detriment to his health. Groucho died four months later on August 19, at age 86.

Gummo and his wife Helen are interred next to each other in the Freedom Mausoleum at the [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]] in [[Glendale, California]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=8bOJCgAAQBAJ&dq=gummo+marx+Freedom+Mausoleum&pg=PA62 ''Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries'']</ref> Gummo's brother Chico is in a crypt across the hall from them.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}} Gummo's only biological child, Robert, served in the [[United States Coast Guard]] for two years and later worked as an [[architect]]. He died on May 21, 2023, aged 92.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robert Marx Obituary (2023) - Los Angeles, CA - Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/latimes/name/robert-marx-obituary?id=52141391 |access-date=May 26, 2024 |website=Legacy.com}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
{{Portal|Film|Biography}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Gummo Marx}}
* {{IMDb name|1221274|Gummo Marx}}

{{Marx Brothers}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Marx, Gummo}}
[[Category:1890s births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American comedians]]
[[Category:20th-century American Jews]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:American male comedians]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:American people of German-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]]
[[Category:Comedians from Manhattan]]
[[Category:Jewish American male actors]]
[[Category:Jewish American comedians]]
[[Category:Jewish male comedians]]
[[Category:Male actors from Manhattan]]
[[Category:Marx Brothers]]
[[Category:United States Army soldiers]]
[[Category:American vaudeville performers]]
[[Category:Jews from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Jewish American film people]]