Editing Guru Angad

{{Short description|Second Sikh guru from 1539 to 1552}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2017}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion           = [[Sikhism]]
| name               = Guru Angad
| image              = Guru Angad miniature painting.jpg
| alt                = 
| caption            = Miniature painting depiction of Guru Angad
| birth_name         = Lehna
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=yes|1504|03|31}}
| birth_place        = [[Matte-di-Sarai (Sarainaga)]], [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]], [[Punjab (region)|Panjab]], [[Delhi Sultanate]]
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1552|03|29|1504|03|31}}
| death_place        = [[Khadur Sahib]], [[Lahore Subah]], [[Mughal Empire]]<ref>{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C |year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|page=20}}</ref>
| known_for          = Standardising the [[Gurmukhi]] Script
| predecessor        = [[Guru Nanak]]
| successor          = [[Guru Amar Das]]
| spouse             = [[Mata Khivi]]
| children           = Baba Dasu (1521–1598)<br /> Baba Dattu (1524–1575)<br /> [[Bibi Amro]] (1529–1601) <br />Bibi Anokhi (1531–1608)
| parents            = Mata Ramo and Baba Pheru Mal
| native_name        = ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ
| native_name_lang   = pa
| location           = [[Khadur Sahib|Khadur]]
| other_name         = Second Master<br />Second Nanak
| period             = 1539–1552
}}

{{Sikhism sidebar}}
'''Guru Angad''' (31 March 1504 – 29 March 1552;<ref name=eos/> {{Langx|pa|ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ}}, {{IPA|pa|gʊɾuː əŋgəd̯ᵊ|pron}}) was the second of the ten [[Sikh gurus]] of Sikhism. After meeting [[Guru Nanak]], the founder of [[Sikhism]], becoming a Sikh, and serving and working with Nanak for many years, Nanak gave Lehna the name Angad ("my own limb"),<ref>{{cite book|last1=Clarke|first1=Peter B.|last2=Beyer|first2=Peter|title=The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations|date=2009|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon|isbn=9781135210991|page=565}}</ref> and chose Angad as the second Sikh Guru.<ref name="Fenech2014p36"/><ref name="ColeSambhi1995p18"/><ref name=Shackle_2005>{{cite book | last=Shackle | first=Christopher |author2=Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh | year=2005 | title=Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures | publisher=Routledge  | location=United Kingdom | isbn = 0-415-26604-1 | pages=xiii–xiv | no-pp=true}}</ref>

After the death of Nanak in 1539, Angad led the Sikh tradition.<ref name=eosamardas>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/TheEncyclopediaOfSikhism-VolumeIA-d/page/n163 |title=Amar Das, Guru (1479–1574) |last1=Kushwant Singh |website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjab University Patiala |access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref><ref name=cole20>{{cite book|author1=William Owen Cole|author2=Piara Singh Sambhi|title=The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIC_MgJ5RMUC&pg=PA22| year=1995| publisher= Sussex Academic Press|isbn=978-1-898723-13-4|pages=20–21}}</ref> He is remembered in Sikhism for adopting and formalising the [[Gurmukhi alphabet]].<ref name="Mandair2013p35"/><ref name="ColeSambhi1995p18"/> He began the process of compiling the hymns of Nanak and contributed 62 or 63 [[Shloka|''Saloks'']] of his own.<ref name="ColeSambhi1995p18"/> Instead of his own son, he chose his disciple [[Guru Amar Das|Amar Das]] as his successor and the third Guru of Sikhism.<ref name=eosamardas/><ref name=cole20/>

==Biography==
===Early life===
Angad was born on 31 March 1504 with the birth name of Lehna (also transliterated as Lahina) in the village of [[Sarai Naga|Matte-di-Sarai]] (now Sarainaga) in [[Sri Muktsar Sahib district|Muktsar district]] of the [[Punjab]] region.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guru Angad Sahib (Sri Guru Angad Dev Ji) |url=https://sgpc.net/ten-guru-sahibs/guru-angad-sahib/ |website=SGPC (Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee)(Supreme Gurdwara Management Committee) official website.}}</ref><ref name="Mandair2013p35">{{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA35 |year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7|pages=35–37}}</ref><ref name="Fenech2014p36">{{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 |year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|page=36}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Jain |first=Harish C. |title=The Making of Punjab |publisher=Unistar Books |year=2003 |pages=271–272}}</ref> He was the son of a small but successful trader named Pheru Mal.<ref name=":8" /> His mother's name was Mata Ramo (also known as Mata Sabhirai, Mansa Devi and Daya Kaur).<ref name="eos">{{cite web |url=http://www.learnpunjabi.org/eos/index.aspx |title=Guru Angad |last1=McLeod |first1=W.H.|website=Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University Punjabi |access-date=30 September 2015}}</ref> His grandfather was named Baba Narayan Das Trehan.<ref name=":8" /> Like all the Sikh Gurus, Lehna came from [[Khatri]] caste and specifically the Trehan [[gotra]] (clan).<ref>{{cite book | last=Shackle | first=Christopher |author2=Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh | year=2005 | title=Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures | publisher=Routledge  | location=United Kingdom | isbn = 0-415-26604-1 | page=xv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Fenech |first1=Louis E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism |last2=McLeod |first2=W. H. |date=11 June 2014 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1 |page=189 |language=en |quote=LAHINA (1504–1552). A Trehan Khatri of Khadur who became a disci- ple of Nanak. He was later renamed Angad and succeeded Nanak as the Second Guru of the Sikhs in 1539.}}</ref>

At age 16, Lehna married a Khatri girl named [[Khivi]] in January 1520. They had two sons, Datu (b. 1535) and Dasu (b. 1542), and one or two daughters, Amro (b. 1526) and Anokhi (b. 1535), depending on the primary sources.<ref name=eos/><ref name=":8" /> The entire family of his father had left their ancestral village in fear of the invasion of [[Babur]]'s armies. After this the family settled at [[Khadur Sahib]], a village by the [[River Beas]] near what is now [[Tarn Taran Sahib|Tarn Taran]].

Before becoming a disciple of Guru Nanak and following the Sikh way of life as Angad, Lehna was a religious teacher of Khadur and a [[Hindu priest|priest]] at a [[Hindu temple|temple]] dedicated to the goddess [[Durga]].<ref name="Fenech2014p36"/><ref name="ColeSambhi1995p18">{{cite book |author1=William Owen Cole |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIC_MgJ5RMUC&pg=PA18 |title=The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices |author2=Piara Singh Sambhi |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-898723-13-4 |pages=18–20 |quote=Guru Angad became a Sikh sometime after Guru Nanak settled at Kartarpur. He was a Khatri of the Trehan got, from the village of Matta di Sarai, in the Ferozepur district, who, on his marriage to Khivi, the daughter of a Khatri, moved to her village of Khadur where he became priest of the temple of Durga. He met the Guru with a group of villagers and decided to join him in Kartarpur. He and his family moved to be with him. He is said to have been born in 1504, but neither the date of his conversion nor that of his installation is known. He became Guru on the death of the first Master in 1539 and died in 1552.}}</ref><ref name=eos/><ref name=":8" /> His family had also been worshipers of Durga.<ref name=":8" /> He also embarked on many religious pilgrimages.<ref name=":8" /> On one of these pilgrimages, he happened to pass by the settlement of [[Kartarpur, Pakistan|Kartarpur]], that had been established by Nanak, on the way to his ultimate destination.<ref name=":8" /> It is said that a dialogue then occurred there between Lehna and Nanak, in-which the former was left with a deeply positive impression of the latter.<ref name=":8" /> Thereafter, Lehna remained at Kartarpur for six years serving his newfound spiritual master.<ref name=":8" />

Lehna in his late 20s sought out Guru Nanak, became his disciple, and displayed deep and loyal service to his [[Guru]] for about six to seven years in Kartarpur and renounced the Hindu way of life.<ref name="eos" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sikka|first1=A.S.|title=Complete Poetical Works of Ajit Singh Sikka|date=2003|publisher=Atlantic Publishers and Distribution|page=951}}</ref>

===Selection as successor===
[[File:Gurdwara Baba Atal fresco 47.jpg|thumb|[[Guru Gaddi|Gurgadi ceremony]] of Angad being proclaimed as the next guru. Fresco from [[Gurdwara Baba Atal]], Amritsar.]]
Several stories in the Sikh tradition describe reasons why Lehna was chosen by Guru Nanak over his own sons as his choice of successor. One of these stories is about a jug which fell into mud, and Nanak asked his sons to pick it up. Nanak's sons would not pick it up because it was too dirty or menial a task. Then he asked Lehna, who however picked it out of the mud, washed it clean, and presented it to Nanak full of water.<ref name="Cole 1978 18">{{cite book | last=Cole | first=W. Owen | author2=Sambhi, Piara Singh | year=1978 | title=The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices | publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul | location=London | isbn=0-7100-8842-6 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/sikhs00cole/page/18 18] | no-pp=true | url=https://archive.org/details/sikhs00cole/page/18 }}</ref> Lehna was selected as the successor of Guru Nanak on 14 June 1539 but his formal installation ceremony occurred later that year on 7 September 1539.<ref name=":8" /> Nanak touched him and renamed him Angad (from ''Ang'', or part of the body) and named him as his successor and the second Guru on 7 September 1539.<ref name=eos/><ref name="Fenech2014p22">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|page=22}}</ref>

After Nanak died on 22 September 1539, Guru Angad unable to bear the separation from Nanak retired into a room in a disciple's house in a state of [[Vairagya]]. [[Baba Buddha]] later discovered him after a long search and requested him to return for Guruship.<ref name=":srigranth83">{{cite web|title=Sri Guru Granth Sahib, ang 83|url=http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&id=3336&Param=83#l3336}}</ref> The [[Gurbani]] uttered at the time, "Die before the one whom you love, to live after he dies is to live a worthless life in this world".<ref name=":srigranth83" />

[[File:Historical photograph of Gurdwara Sri Khadur Sahib, ca.1920's. Published in the 1930 first edition of Mahan Kosh by Kahn Singh Nabha.jpg|thumb|Historical photograph of Gurdwara Sri Khadur Sahib, ca.1920's. Published in the 1930 first edition of Mahan Kosh by Kahn Singh Nabha.]]

Angad later left Kartarpur for the village of Khadur Sahib (near Goindwal Sahib). Post succession, at one point, very few Sikhs accepted Guru Angad as their leader while the sons of Nanak claimed to be the successors. Angad focused on the teachings of Nanak, and building the community through charitable works such as [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]].<ref name="Fenech2014p41">{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|pages=41–44}}</ref>

===Relationship with the Mughal Empire===
The second [[Mughal Emperor]] of India [[Humayun]] visited Guru Angad at around 1540 after Humayun lost the [[Battle of Kannauj]], and thereby the Mughal throne to [[Sher Shah Suri]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Pashaura|last2=Fenech|first2=Louis|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780191004124|page=41|edition=First}}</ref> According to Sikh hagiographies, when Humayun arrived in Gurdwara Mal Akhara Sahib at [[Khadur Sahib]], Angad was sitting and teaching children.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Ajit |title=Suraj Prakash Granth part 5 ras 4 |date=2005 |isbn=81-7601-685-3 |page=177}}</ref> The failure to greet the Emperor immediately angered Humayun. Humayun lashed out but the Guru reminded him that the time when you needed to fight when you lost your throne you ran away and did not fight and now you want to attack a person engaged in prayer.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Singh|first1=Gurpreet|title=Ten Masters|date=2001|publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788171829460|page=53}}</ref> In the Sikh texts written more than a century after the event, Angad is said to have blessed the emperor, and reassured him that someday he will regain the throne.<ref name="Fenech2014p41"/>

===Death and successor===
[[File:Fresco of Guru Angad from above the entrance of the Baoli Sahib located in Goindwal.jpg|thumb|Fresco of the second Sikh Guru at Baoli Sahib, [[Goindval]]]]

Before his death, Guru Angad, following the example set by Guru Nanak, nominated [[Guru Amar Das]] as his successor. Amar Das was born into a Hindu family and had been reputed to have gone on some twenty pilgrimages into the [[Himalayas]], to [[Haridwar]] on river [[Ganges]]. About 1539, on one such Hindu pilgrimage, he met a ''[[sadhu]]'', or ascetic, who asked him why he did not have a [[guru]] (teacher, spiritual counsellor) and Amar Das decided to get one.<ref name=eosamardas/> On his return, he heard Bibi Amro, the daughter of Angad who had married his brother's son, singing a hymn by Nanak.<ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29"/> Amar Das learnt from her about Guru Angad, and with her help met Angad in 1539, adopting Angad as his spiritual Guru, who was much younger than his own age.<ref name=eosamardas/>

Amar Das displayed relentless devotion and service to Guru Angad. Sikh tradition states that he woke up in the early hours to fetch water for Angad's bath, cleaned and cooked for the volunteers with the Guru, as well devoted much time to meditation and prayers in the morning and evening.<ref name=eosamardas/> Angad named Amar Das as his successor in 1552.<ref name=cole20/><ref name="FenechMcLeod2014p29">{{cite book|author1=Louis E. Fenech|author2=W. H. McLeod|title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xajcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA29|year=2014|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1|pages=29–30}}</ref><ref name="Singha2000p14">{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha|title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C|year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1|pages=14–17, 52–56}}</ref> Angad died on 29 March 1552.<ref name=eos/>

==Influence==
===Gurmukhi script===
[[File:Gurmukhi inscription claimed to have been handwritten by Guru Angad to teach children at Khadur Sahib the glyphs ūṛā to ṇāṇā, ca.1539–1552.jpg|thumb|Gurmukhi inscription claimed to have been handwritten by Guru Angad to teach children at Khadur Sahib the glyphs ''ūṛā'' to ''ṇāṇā'', ca.1539–1552]]
Guru Angad is credited in the Sikh tradition with the [[Gurmukhi]] script, which is now the standard writing script for Punjabi language in India,<ref name="shacklexvii"/> in contrast to Punjabi language in Pakistan where now a Perso-Arabic script called [[Shahmukhi]] is the standard.<ref name="Bright1996p395">{{cite book|author1=Peter T. Daniels|author2=William Bright|title=The World's Writing Systems |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ospMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-507993-7|page=395}}</ref> The original Sikh scriptures and most of the historic Sikh literature have been written in the Gurmukhi script.<ref name=shacklexvii>{{cite book | last=Shackle | first=Christopher |author2=Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh | year=2005 | title=Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures | publisher=Routledge  | location=United Kingdom | isbn = 0-415-26604-1 | pages=xvii–xviii}}</ref>

Angad standardised and made improvements to the scripts of the region to create the Gurmukhi script.<ref>{{cite book |last=Masica |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Masica |year=1993 |title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |place= Cambridge, U.K. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-29944-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&q=indoaryan+languages|page=143}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdhLAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA36 |year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7|page=36}}</ref> Examples of possible forerunners of the script including at least one hymn written in acrostic form by Guru Nanak,<ref name=cole19>{{cite book | last=Cole | first=W. Owen | author2=Sambhi, Piara Singh | year=1978 | title=The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices | publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul | location=London | isbn=0-7100-8842-6 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/sikhs00cole/page/19 19] | no-pp=true | url=https://archive.org/details/sikhs00cole/page/19 }}</ref> and its earlier history is yet to be fully determined.<ref name="JainCardona2007p594">{{cite book|author1=Danesh Jain|author2=George Cardona|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtCPAgAAQBAJ |date=26 July 2007|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-79711-9|pages=594–596}}</ref>

Angad also wrote 62 or 63 [[Salok]]s (compositions), which together constitute about one percent of the [[Guru Granth Sahib]], the primary scripture of Sikhism.<ref>{{cite book | last=Shackle | first=Christopher |author2=Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh | year=2005 | title=Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures | publisher=Routledge  | location=United Kingdom | isbn = 0-415-26604-1 | page= xviii}}</ref> Rather than contribute hymns, Angad's importance was as a consolidator of Nanak's hymns.<ref name=cole19/> Angad would also supervise the writing down of Nanak's hymns by Bhai Paira Mokha and scrutinize the resulting compilation, preparing the way for a Sikh scripture, as well as the beginning of a vernacular Punjabi literature, as tradition holds that he may have also commissioned an account of Nanak's life from earlier disciples.<ref name=cole19/> The collection of hymns would also be increasingly important for the expanding community.<ref name=cole19/>

===Langar and community work===
Guru Angad is notable for systematising the institution of [[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]] in all Sikh [[gurdwara]] premises, where visitors from near and far could get a free simple meal in a communal seating.<ref name="Mandair2013p35"/><ref>{{cite book|author1=Pashaura Singh|author2=Louis E. Fenech|title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0NAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-969930-8|page=319}}</ref> He also set the rules and training method for volunteers (''[[sevadar]]s'') who operated the kitchen, placing emphasis on treating it as a place of rest and refuge, being always polite and hospitable to all visitors.<ref name="Mandair2013p35"/>

Angad visited other places and centres established by Guru Nanak for the preaching of Sikhism. He established new centres and thus strengthened its base.<ref name="Mandair2013p35"/>

===''Mall Akhara''===
[[File:Page 111 - two Sikh wrestlers. Watercolour drawing.jpg|thumb|19th century watercolour of two Sikh wrestlers in a match.]]
Angad, being a great patron of [[wrestling]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=Green|first1=Thomas|title=Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, Volume 2|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=9781598842432|page=286}}</ref> started a ''Mall [[Akhara]]'' (wrestling arena) system where physical exercises, martial arts, and wrestling was taught as well as health topics such as staying away from tobacco and other toxic substances.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=Rajkumar|title=Second Sikh Guru: Shri Guru Angad Sahib Ji|date=2014|publisher=Lulu Press|isbn=9781312189553}}</ref><ref name="Troubador Publishing Ltd">{{cite book|last1=Chowdhry|first1=Mohindra|title=Defence of Europe by Sikh Soldiers in the World Wars|date=2018|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|location=Leicestershire|isbn=9781789010985|page=48}}</ref> He placed emphasis on keeping the body healthy and exercising daily.<ref name="Troubador Publishing Ltd"/> He founded many such ''Mall Akharas'' in many villages including a few in [[Khandur]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dogra|first1=R. C.|last2=Mansukhani|first2=Gobind|title=Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture|date=1995|publisher=Vikas Publishing House|isbn=9780706983685|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofs0000dogr/page/18 18]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofs0000dogr/page/18}}</ref> Typically the wrestling was done after [[Nitnem|daily prayers]] and also included games and light wrestling.<ref name="Calcutta">{{cite journal|author=Sikh Cultural Centre|title=Physical Fitness: Sangati Mal Akhara|journal=The Sikh Review|date=2004|volume=52|issue=1-6; Issues 601–606|page=94}}</ref>

=== Biography of Nanak ===
It is said that Guru Angad commissioned the compiling of a biography covering the life of his predecessor, Guru Nanak.<ref name=":8" /> However, the identity of the work and whether or not it ever existed or even survives to the present-day, is debated.<ref name=":8" /> Some believe the [[Janamsakhis|Bhai Bala Vali tradition of the Janamsakhi literature]] was the biography on Nanak ordered by Angad.<ref name=":8" />

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Guru Nanak with Bhai Lehna, who is getting dirtied by carrying weeds overhead.jpg|Guru Nanak (left) with Bhai Lehna (right, who would later be known as Guru Angad).
File:Guru Angad taking-leave of Guru Nanak, painting from an 1830's Janamsakhi (life stories) 05.jpg|Guru Angad taking-leave of Guru Nanak, painting from an 1830's Janamsakhi.
File:Bhai Bala Recites the Life Story of Guru Nanak to Guru Angad and Onlookers.png|[[Bhai Bala]] (left) recites the life story of Guru Nanak to Guru Angad amid onlookers. Janamsakhi painting.
File:Guru Angad painting.jpg|Miniature painting of Guru Angad.
File:Guru Angad drawing from early 19th century.jpg|Guru Angad drawing from early 19th century.
File:Guru Angad, the Second Sikh Guru (1504-52), Seated on a Terrace Beneath a Canopy With an Attendant.png|Guru Angad Seated on a Terrace Beneath a Canopy With an Attendant, Punjab Plains, circa 1830.
File:Gurmukhi inscription handwritten by Guru Angad Dev, the second Sikh guru.jpg|Gurmukhi inscription handwritten by Guru Angad Dev
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Punjab}}
*[[Guru Granth Sahib]]
*[[List of places named after Guru Angad Dev]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* Harjinder Singh Dilgeer, SIKH HISTORY (in English) in 10 volumes, especially volume 1 (published by Singh Brothers Amritsar, 2009–2011).
* Sikh Gurus, Their Lives and Teachings, K.S. Duggal

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{Wikisource|The Sikh Religion/Volume 2/Life of Guru Angad, The Second Guru|Life of Guru Angad, The Second Guru}}
*[http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&id=3336&Param=83#l3336 First Gurbani by Guru Angad]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151125142353/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/gurus/nanak2.html sikh-history.com]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Guru Nanak]]
| title = [[Sikh gurus|Sikh Guru]]|years=7 September 1539 – 26 March 1552
| after = [[Guru Amar Das]]
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Writers of Guru Granth Sahib}}
{{Sikhism|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guru Angad Dev}}
[[Category:Creators of writing systems]]
[[Category:Sikh gurus|Angad]]
[[Category:16th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:1552 deaths]]
[[Category:1504 births]]
[[Category:People from Punjab, India]]