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Gyeongju Basin
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{{Infobox Korean name| hangul=경주분지| hanja={{linktext|慶|州|盆|地}}| rr=Gyeongju-bunji| mr=Kyŏngju punji| }} [[File:Encykorea-경주시 전경.jpg|thumb|Panoramic view of Gyeongju city (and basin)]] The '''Gyeongju Basin''' is a [[landform]] in [[Gyeongju]] city, [[North Gyeongsang]] province, [[South Korea]]. It forms part of the [[drainage basin|watershed]] of the [[Hyeongsan River]], which flows north through the basin where it is joined by the Bukcheon, Namcheon, Daecheon, and Sogyeon-cheon streams. The basin is surrounded by low [[mountain]]s, most of which are also part of [[Gyeongju National Park]]. Specifically, it is bordered by Gowi Mountain (495 m above [[sea level]]) on the south, Seondo Mountain (380 m) and Ongnyeo Peak (215 m) on the west, and Gumi Mountain (594 m) on the north. Namsan, a mountain composed of two peaks (466 m, 495 m), cuts the Gyeongju Basin into two parts at the southern end. The streams that flow from these mountains have formed a number of interlinked [[alluvial plain]]s in the Basin. The city center of Gyeongju, which was also the capital of the ancient [[Silla]] kingdom, occupies much of the basin. Various watershed management projects were undertaken even during Silla times, due to continuous [[flood]]ing in the basin, caused by runoff from the neighboring mountains combined with inflow from the upper Hyeongsan River watershed. The most recent severe flood took place in 1991. The basin is also home to a great number of important [[Korea]]n cultural heritage assets, mostly related to its ancient role as capital of Silla. For example, the royal [[tomb]]s of Silla are located there, as is the Gyerim [[forest]]. The slopes of the entire Namsan Mountain are covered in religious and ceremonial sites dating from the Mumun Pottery Period (c. 1500-300 B.C.) to the end of the [[Korean Three Kingdoms]] (c. AD 668). Namsan and environs is registered as a UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]. [[Agriculture]] is also undertaken on a significant scale within the basin. The crops are primary staples such as [[rice]], [[barley]], and [[soybeans]]. The Gyeongju strain of rice grown here is particularly famous for its quality. However, the Gyeongju Basin has undergone significant environmental strain since the 1970s resulting the construction of tourist facilities, the expansion and industrialization of urban Gyeongju, intensive agriculture, and the construction and use of national public infrastructure such as expressways, highways, and high-speed rail. == See also == *[[Geography of South Korea]] == References == *Cho, Hwa-ryong. 1987. ''Hanguk-eui Chungjeok Pyeongya'' [Alluvial Plains of Korea]. Gyohak Yeongusa, Seoul. *Kang, Bong W. 2006. Large-scale Reservoir Construction and Political Centralization: A Case Study from Ancient Korea. ''Journal of Anthropological Research'' 62(2):193-?. == External links == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20051002171831/http://www.iranrivers.com/New%20Rivers/newin81/Azar/canada-18%20congeress%20in%20i%26d/HS_R.08.PDF Paper on the historical lessons of watershed management in the Gyeongju basin, delivered in 2002 by Professor Bong W. Kang of Kyongju University] [[Category:Depressions (geology)]]
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