Editing Gymnure

{{short description|Subfamily of mammals}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2011}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Gymnures<ref name="MSW3" />
| image = Hylomys suillus dorsalis.jpg
| image_caption = [[Bornean short-tailed gymnure]]
| taxon = Galericinae
| authority = [[Auguste Pomel|Pomel]], 1848
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ref = <ref name="Lopatin06" />
| subdivision = * {{Extinct}}''[[Apulogalerix]]''<ref name="Masini13" />
* {{Extinct}}''[[Deinogalerix]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Dzavui (genus)|Dzavui]]''<ref name="Jiménez-Hidalgo22" />
* ''[[Echinosorex]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Eochenus]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Eogalericius]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Galerix]]''
* ''[[Hylomys]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Lantanotherium]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Microgalericulus]]''
* ''[[Neohylomys]]''
* ''[[Neotetracus]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Neurogymnurus]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Ocajila]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Oligochenus]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Parasorex]]''
* ''[[Podogymnura]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Proterix]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Protogalericius]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Pseudoneurogymnurus]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Riddleria]]''<ref name="HoekOstende03" />
* {{Extinct}}''[[Schizogalerix]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Tetracus]]''
* {{Extinct}}''[[Thaiagymnura]]''
}}

'''Gymnures''', also called '''hairy hedgehogs''' or '''moonrats''', are [[mammal]]s belonging to the subfamily '''Galericinae''', in the family [[Erinaceidae]] and the order [[Eulipotyphla]].  Gymnures resemble [[rat]]s but are not closely related as they are not [[rodent]]s; they are instead closely related to [[hedgehog]]s, which also belong to Erinaceidae. They are thought to have appeared in Eastern Asia before their closest relatives, and changed little from the original ancestor, which is thought to have been also the ancestor of the [[shrews]].

==Description==
Although the gymnures are more closely related to the hedgehogs, full-grown gymnures superficially resemble large rats, shrews, and [[opossum]]s.

The gymnure's body plan is believed to resemble that of the earliest mammals,{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} with a large, toothy head about 1/3 the length of the total body, a naked furless tail for balance and [[thermoregulation|thermoregulatory]] purposes, and a [[plantigrade]] stance. In direct contrast to the closely related hedgehogs, gymnures are not spiny.<ref name= "Feldhamer15" />

They also have an outstanding sense of smell, and tactile response in the snout region.

==Distribution and habitat==
Gymnures inhabit moist jungle terrain in various locales of Southeast [[Asia]], including [[Vietnam]], [[Sumatra]], [[China]] and the [[Malay Peninsula]].

==Behaviour==
Gymnures are primarily [[carnivore|carnivorous]]. They are [[nocturnal]] or [[crepuscular]]: they come out to forage at twilight or in the night to search the [[forest floor]], using smell to find the animals that they eat. Gymnures eat various [[arthropods]], [[mouse|mice]], small [[reptile]]s and [[amphibia]]ns, with occasional fruit and [[fungi]].

Gymnures keep territories, and individuals are solitary except when breeding. Gymnures have a very strong scent, typically described as a rancid [[garlic]] or [[onion]] smell, which is produced by its territory-marking scent glands. Several creatures similar in form and niche, such as the [[opossum]] and [[solenodon]],  have an odor similar to the gymnure's.

==Classification==
{{seealso|List of erinaceids}}
This subfamily has alternately been called Echinosoricinae, Galericinae, and Hylomyinae. Some researchers prefer Hylomyinae because the specific relationships of the extinct genus ''[[Galerix]]'' to living erinaceids are uncertain.<ref name="Gould95" />
There are fifteen extant species in six genera:<ref name="MSW3" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hinckley |first1=A. |last2=Camacho-Sanchez |first2=M. |last3=Chua |first3=M.A. |last4=Ruedi |first4=M. |last5=Lunde |first5=D. |last6=Maldonado |first6=J.E. |last7=Omar |first7=H. |last8=Leonard |first8=J.A. |last9=Hawkins |first9=M.T. |display-authors=2 |year=2023 |title=An integrative taxonomic revision of lesser gymnures (Eulipotyphla: ''Hylomys'') reveals five new species and emerging patterns of local endemism in Tropical East Asia |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |page=zlad177 |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad177/7468198 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad177|doi-access=free }}</ref>
*Genus ''[[Echinosorex]]''
**''[[Echinosorex gymnura]]'' ([[moonrat]])
*Genus ''[[Hylomys]]''
**''[[Hylomys parvus]]'' ([[dwarf gymnure]])
**''[[Hylomys suillus]]'' ([[Javan short-tailed gymnure]] or lesser moonrat)
**''[[Hylomys dorsalis]]'' ([[Bornean short-tailed gymnure]])
**''[[Hylomys maxi]]'' ([[Max's short-tailed gymnure]])
**''[[Hylomys macarong]]'' ([[Dalat gymnure]])
**''[[Hylomys peguensis]]'' ([[Northern short-tailed gymnure]])
**''[[Hylomys vorax]]'' ([[Leuser gymnure]])
*Genus ''[[Neohylomys]]''
**''[[Neohylomys hainanensis]]'' ([[Hainan gymnure]] or Hainan moonrat)
*Genus ''[[Neotetracus]]''
**''[[Neotetracus sinensis]]'' ([[shrew gymnure]])
*Genus ''[[Otohylomys]]''
**''[[Otohylomys megalotis]]'' ([[Long-eared gymnure]])
*Genus ''[[Podogymnura]]''
**''[[Podogymnura aureospinula]]'' ([[Dinagat gymnure]] or Dinagat moonrat)
**''[[Podogymnura intermedia]]'' ([[Eastern Mindanao gymnure]] )
**''[[Podogymnura minima]]''
**''[[Podogymnura truei]]'' ([[Mindanao gymnure]] or Mindanao moonrat)

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Feldhamer15">{{Cite book|title=Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology, Edition 4|last=Feldhamer|first=George [and 4 others]|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4214-1588-8|location=Baltimore|pages=285}}</ref>
<ref name="Gould95">{{cite journal | author = Gould, G.C. | year = 1995 | title = Hedgehog phylogeny (Mammalia, Erinaceidae) – the reciprocal illumination of the quick and the dead | journal = American Museum Novitates | issue = 3131 | pages = 1–45 | hdl = 2246/3665}}</ref>
<ref name="HoekOstende03">{{cite journal |last1=van den Hoek Ostende |first1=L. W. |title=''Riddleria atecensis'' nov. gen. nov. sp., a peculiar erinaceid (Erinaceomorpha, Mammalia) from the Lower Miocene of Spain |journal=Beiträge zur Paläontologie |date=2003 |volume=28 |pages=1–11 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280319322}}</ref>
<ref name="Jiménez-Hidalgo22">{{cite journal |last1=Jiménez-Hidalgo |first1=E. |last2=Guerrero-Arenas |first2=R. |last3=Crespo |first3=V. D. |title=First galericine erinaceid (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla) from the early Oligocene of tropical North America |journal=Historical Biology |date=2022 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2022.2070018|s2cid=248467861 }}</ref>
<ref name="Lopatin06">{{cite journal |last1=Lopatin |first1=A. V. |title=Early Paleogene insectivore mammals of Asia and establishment of the major groups of Insectivora |journal=Paleontological Journal |date=2006 |volume=40 |issue=S3 |pages=S205–S405 |doi=10.1134/S0031030106090012 |s2cid=84144565 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226404792}}</ref>
<ref name="Masini13">{{cite journal |last1=Masini |first1=F. |last2=Fanfani |first2=F. |title=''Apulogalerix pusillus'' nov. gen., nov. sp., the small-sized Galericinae (Erinaceidae, Mammalia) from the "Terre Rosse" fissure filling of the Gargano (Foggia, South-Eastern Italy) |journal=Geobios |date=2013 |volume=46 |issue=1–2 |pages=89–104 |doi=10.1016/j.geobios.2012.10.008}}</ref>
<ref name="MSW3">{{MSW3 Hutterer |id=13600053 |pages =212–217}}</ref>
}}

{{Eulipotyphla|G.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1755565}}

[[Category:Gymnures| ]]