Editing HMS Launceston Castle

{{Short description|Corvette in UK Royal Navy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image               = HMS Launceston Castle WWII IWM FL 14544.jpg
| Ship caption             = 
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{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header              = 
| Ship country             = United Kingdom
| Ship flag                = {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
| Ship name                = HMS ''Launceston Castle''
| Ship namesake            = [[Launceston Castle]]
| Ship ordered             = 
| Ship builder             = Blyth Shipbuilding and Drydock Company
| Ship laid down           = 27 May 1943
| Ship launched            = 27 November 1943
| Ship acquired            = 
| Ship commissioned        = 20 June 1944
| Ship decommissioned      = 1947
| Ship in service          = 
| Ship out of service      = 
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| Ship reinstated          = 
| Ship honours             = 
|Ship identification= [[pennant number]] K397
| Ship fate                = Scrapped 3 August 1959
| Ship notes               = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
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| Header caption           = 
| Ship class               = {{sclass2|Castle|corvette}}
| Ship displacement        = 
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| Ship beam                = 
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'''HMS ''Launceston Castle'' (K397)''' was a {{sclass2|Castle|corvette}} of the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Royal Navy]], named after [[Launceston Castle]] in Cornwall. The ship was constructed during the [[Second World War]] and saw service primarily as a convoy escort.

==Design==
The {{sclass2|Castle|corvette}}s were an improved and enlarged derivative of the earlier {{sclass2|Flower|corvette|1}}s, which was intended to be built by shipyards that could not build the larger and more capable [[frigate]]s. The greater length of the Castles gave made them better seaboats than the Flowers, which were not originally designed for ocean escort work. Large numbers (96 in total) were ordered in late 1942 and early 1943 from shipyards in the United Kingdom and Canada, but [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] successes in the [[Battle of the Atlantic]] meant that the requirement for escorts was reduced, and many ships (including all the Canadian ones) were cancelled.<ref name="fried p156">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|p=156}}</ref><ref name="brownp136">{{Harvnb|Brown|2012|p=136}}</ref>

The Castles were {{convert|252|ft|0|in|m}} [[length overall|long overall]], {{convert|234|ft|0|in|m}} [[waterline length|at the waterline]] and {{convert|225|ft|0|in|m}} [[length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]]. [[Beam (nautical)|Beam]] was {{convert|36|ft|6|in|m}} and [[Draft (ship)|draught]] was {{convert|13|ft|5|in|m}} aft at full load.<ref name="Fried p324">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|p=324}}</ref> [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was about {{convert|1060|LT|t|lk=on}} standard and {{convert|1590|–|1630|LT|t}} full load.<ref name="conways22p63">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|p=63}}</ref> Two [[Three-drum boiler#Admiralty boiler|Admiralty Three-drum water tube boilers]] fed steam to a [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|vertical triple expansion engine]] rated at {{convert|2750|ihp|kW}} which drove a single propeller shaft. This gave a speed of {{convert|16.5|kn|lk=in}}.<ref name="conways22p63"/> 480 tons of oil were carried, giving a range of {{convert|6200|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}.<ref name="ellp205">{{Harvnb|Elliott|1977|p=205}}</ref>

The ships had a main gun armament of a single [[QF 4 inch Mk XIX naval gun|QF 4-inch Mk XIX]] dual-purpose gun, backed up by two twin and two single [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]].<ref name="ellp205"/> Anti-submarine armament consisted of a single triple-barrelled [[Squid (weapon)|Squid]] anti-submarine mortar with 81 [[depth charge]]s backed up by two depth charge throwers and a single depth charge rail, with 15 depth charges carried. Type 272 or [[Type 277 radar|Type 277]] surface search radar was fitted, as was [[high-frequency direction finding]] (HF/DF) gear. The ships' [[sonar]] outfit was Type 145 and Type 147B.<ref name="atlanp126-7">{{Harvnb|Brown|2007|pp=126–127}}</ref>

The small size and slow speed of the ''Castle''s meant that they were considered obsolete post-war, and they underwent limited modifications, with armament changes limited to replacing the twin 20mm mounts with single [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40 mm Bofors mounts]].<ref>{{harvnb|Marriott|1983|pp=20–21}}</ref> ''Launceston Castle'' had been modified to this standard by 1953.<ref>{{harvnb|Blackman|1953|p=50}}</ref>

==Service history==
''Launceston Castle'' was ordered on 19 January 1943, one of 14 Castle-class corvettes ordered that day (of which three were cancelled and two completed as rescue ships). The ship was [[Keel laying|laid down]] at [[Blyth Shipbuilding Company|Blyth Shipbuilding]]'s [[Blyth, Northumberland]] shipyard as [[Yard number]] 295 on 27 May 1943, with the ship's machinery being built by [[White's Marine Engineering Company]] at [[Hebburn]].<ref name="Friedp344">{{harvnb|Friedman| 2008|p=344}}</ref><ref name="castlep215">{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|p=215}}</ref><ref name="s&s">{{cite web |title=Launceston Castle |website=Shipping and Shipbuilders |url=http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=200643&vessel=LAUNCESTON+CASTLE |access-date=18 November 2024}}</ref> ''Launceston Castle'' was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 27 November 1943 and completed on 20 June 1944, and was allocated the [[Pennant number]] K397.<ref name="Friedp344"/> She was the first Royal Navy ship to be called ''Launceston Castle''.<ref>{{harvnb|Colledge|Warlow|2006|p=195}}</ref>

In the Second World War she carried out [[convoy]] escort duties and anti-submarine patrols in the [[Western Approaches]], the [[English Channel]] and the [[North Sea]].<ref>{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|p=389}}</ref> After commissioning, ''Launceston Castle'' joined Escort Group B4.<ref name="castlep2156">{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|pp=215–216}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=279}}</ref> In August 1944, Escort Group B4 was redesignated as the 30th Escort Group commanded by [[Denys Rayner]], who carried his flag on board {{HMS|Pevensey Castle}}.<ref name="castlep2156"/><ref>{{harvnb|Rayner|1955|p=218}}</ref> On 11 November 1944, ''Launceston Castle'', along with [[sister ship]]s of the 30th Escort Group, ''Pevensey Castle'', {{HMS|Kenilworth Castle|K420|2}} and {{HMS|Portchester Castle|K362|2}}, carried out a series of attacks against a sonar target with Squid and depth charges off the south of [[Ireland]], bringing up oil and a large air bubble, and were credited with sinking the submarine, which was later identified as the {{GS|U-1200}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|pp=46–47, 219–222}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Rayner|1955|pp=225–229}}</ref> In 1999, however, the wreck of ''U-1200'' was found south-east of [[Start Point, Devon]], with the cause of the submarine's loss uncertain. The 30th Escort Group is now believed to have attacked a non-submarine target.<ref>{{harvnb|Niestlé|2014|pp=97, 228}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=U-1200 |website=U-boat.net |url=http://uboat.net/boats/u1200.htm |access-date=20 November 2024}}</ref> On 15 November and 26–29 December, 30 Escort Group, including ''Launceston Castle'' made more attacks against suspected submarine targets.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|pp=393–394}}</ref>

''Launceston Castle'' continued to serve with the 30th Escort Group for the rest of the war in Europe, but in July–October 1945, was employed on air-sea rescue duties operating out of [[Freetown]],<ref name="castlep2156"/> patrolling on the expected routes of flights repatriating American troops.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|p=54}}</ref> In 1947, the ship went into reserve at [[HMNB Devonport|Devonport]].<ref name="cp41">{{harvnb|Critchley1992|p=41}}</ref> In 1948, the Castle-class were redesignated from 'Corvettes' to 'Frigates (2nd Rate)', and so ''Launceston Castle''{{'}}s pennant number changed from K397 to F397.<ref>{{harvnb|Marriott|1983|pp=20, 22}}</ref> The frigate was refitted at Bristol in 1949.<ref name="cp41"/><ref name="castlep218">{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|p=218}}</ref>

In October 1951, after a refit at [[Falmouth, Cornwall]],<ref name="cp41"/> ''Launceston Castle'' joined the 2nd Training Squadron, serving as an Air Training Target Ship, working with helicopters carrying out air-sea rescue training, cooperating with anti submarine aircraft and acting as a target for submarines.<ref>{{harvnb|Goodwin|2007|pp=58–60, 218}}</ref> In 1953 she took part in the [[Fleet Review]] to celebrate the [[Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>Souvenir Programme, ''Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15 June 1953'', HMSO, Gale and Polden</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Berthing Plan for the Spithead Review |newspaper=[[The Times]] |date=15 June 1953 |issue=52648 |page=15}}</ref> After two [[Avro Shackleton]] maritime patrol aircraft of the [[RAF]] went missing on 11 January off [[Fastnet Rock]] in the Atlantic Ocean, ''Launceston Castle'' took part in search operations for the missing aircraft,<ref>{{cite news|title=18 Missing in Two Aircraft |newspaper=The Times |date=13 January 1955 |issue=53138 |page=4}}</ref> while on 24 January that year she took part in search operations after a Fleet Air Arm [[Fairey Firefly]] ditched off [[Lands End]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Aircraft Crash near Land's End |newspaper=The Times |date=25 January 1955 |issue=53148 |page=8}}</ref> In November 1956, ''Launceston Castle'' returned to reserve at Devonport.<ref name="cp41"/><ref name="castlep218"/> On the night on 5/6 February 1957, ''Launceston Castle'' went to the assistance of the merchant ship ''Holdernore'', which was adrift between [[Skerryvore]] and [[Tiree]] in the [[Inner Hebrides]] off the west coast of Scotland in gale force winds, escorting ''Holdernore'' to safety in [[Tobermory, Mull|Tobermory Bay]].<ref>{{cite news |title=12 Feared Lost In Wrecked Trawler |newspaper=The Times |date=6 February 1957 |issue=53758 |page=8}}</ref>

In 1959, ''Launceston Castle'' was sold for scrap, arriving at J. A. White's yard at [[St Davids on Forth]] for breaking up on 3 August 1959.<ref name="castlep218"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |editor-last=Blackman |editor-first=Raymond V. B. |title=Jane's Fighting Ships 1953–54 |year=1953 |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.}}
* {{cite book |last=Brown|first=David K.|title=Atlantic Escorts: Ships, Weapons & Tactics in World War II|year=2007|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location= Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84415-702-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Brown|first= David K. |title=Nelson to Vanguard: Warship Design and Development 1923–1945|year=2012|location= Barnsley |publisher=Seaforth Publishing|isbn=978-1-84832-149-6}}.
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
* {{cite book |last=Critchley |first=Mike |title=British Warships Since 1945: Part 5: Frigates|year=1992| publisher=Maritime Press|location=Liskeard, UK|isbn=0-907771-13-0}}
* {{cite book |last=Elliott|first=Peter|title=Allied Escort Ships of World War II: A Complete Survey|year=1977|publisher=Macdonald and Jane's|location=London|isbn=0-356-08401-9}}
* {{cite book |last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After|year=2008|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-015-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Gardiner|editor-first1=Robert|editor-last2=Chesneau|editor-first2=Roger|title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946|year=1980|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Goodwin |first=Norman |title=Castle Class Corvettes: An Account of the Service of the Ships and of their Ships' Companies |year=2007 |location=Liskeard, UK |publisher=Maritime Books |isbn=978-1-904459-279}}
* {{cite book |last=Niestlé |first=Axel |title=German U-Boat Losses During World War II: Details of Destruction |year=2014 |location=Barnsley, UK |publisher=Frontline Books |isbn=978-1-84832-210-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Marriott |first=Leo |title=Royal Navy Frigates 1945–1983 |year=1983 |location=London |publisher=Ian Allan |isbn=0-7110-1322-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Rayner |first=D. A. |author-link=Denys Rayner |title=Escort: The Battle of the Atlantic |year=1955 |edition=Second |location=London |publisher=William Kimber}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rohwer |first1=Jürgen |last2=Hümmelchen |first2=Gerhard |title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 |year=1992 |location=London |publisher=Greenhill Books |isbn=1-85367-117-7}}

{{Castle class corvette}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Launceston Castle}}
[[Category:Castle-class corvettes]]
[[Category:1943 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Blyth]]