Editing HP Autonomy

{{Short description|Defunct British software company}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Autonomy Corporation
| former_name = HP Autonomy (2011–2015)
| logo = Autonomy Corporation logo.svg
| foundation = {{start date and age|1996|6}} (as Autonomy Corporation PLC)<br/>[[Cambridge]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom|U.K.]]
| founder = [[Mike Lynch (businessman)|Michael Lynch]]<br/>Richard Gaunt
| fate = Assets divided and later merged with [[Micro Focus]] and [[OpenText]]
| defunct = {{End date and age|2017}}
| successor = [[OpenText]]
| location = [[Cambridge]], United Kingdom<br />[[San Francisco]], United States
| key_people = Robert Youngjohns (SVP & General Manager)
| area_served = Global
| industry = Information technology
| products = Big data analytics, information governance, data protection and digital marketing
| parent = 
| subsid = 
| footnotes = 
}}
[[Image:Cambridge_Business_Park_Autonomy.jpg|thumb|Autonomy Corporation headquarters at [[Cambridge Business Park]].]]
'''Autonomy Corporation''' [[Public limited company|PLC]] was an [[enterprise software]] [[company (law)|company]] founded in [[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] in 1996. The company developed and sold a variety of enterprise software, including for [[big data]] [[Data analytics|analytics]], [[information governance]], [[Data security|data protection]], and [[digital marketing]].

Autonomy was acquired by [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP) in October 2011, renaming it '''HP Autonomy'''. The deal valued Autonomy at $11.7 billion (£7.4 billion). Within a year, HP had [[Write-off|written off]] $8.8 billion of Autonomy's value.<ref name="telegraph25nov2012" /> HP claimed this resulted from "serious accounting improprieties" and "outright misrepresentations" by the previous management.<ref name="NYT2012-11-20"/><ref name="BBC2012-11-20"/> The former CEO, [[Mike Lynch (businessman)|Mike Lynch]], said that the problems were due to HP's running of Autonomy.<ref name="Telegraph2012-11-21"/>

HP recruited Robert Youngjohns, ex-[[Microsoft]] president of North America, to take over HP Autonomy in September 2012. In 2015, HP was split into HP Inc and Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE); HP Autonomy assets were divided between them with HPE taking the larger part. HP Inc later sold its Autonomy content management assets to Canadian software company [[OpenText]] in 2016. In 2017, HPE sold its remaining Autonomy assets, as part of a wider deal, to the British software company [[Micro Focus]].<ref name=mfmerger/> In 2023, OpenText acquired Micro Focus, and reunited the two halves of former Autonomy assets.<ref name="sharesmagazine.co.uk">{{cite news |date=27 January 2023 |title=Micro Focus expects takeover by OpenText to complete next week |url=https://www.sharesmagazine.co.uk/news/market/1674820271956012100/micro-focus-expects-takeover-by-opentext-to-complete-next-week |access-date=31 January 2023 |newspaper=Shares Magazine}}</ref>

==History==

===Inception and expansion===
Autonomy was founded in [[Cambridge]], England by [[Mike Lynch (businessman)|Michael Lynch]] and Richard Gaunt in 1996 as a spin-off from [[Cambridge Neurodynamics]], a firm specializing in computer-based fingerprint recognition.<ref>[http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/security/seminars/1995/95-11-14.html Security Group Seminar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202211844/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/security/seminars/1995/95-11-14.html |date=2 December 2012 }} University of Cambridge</ref><ref>[http://www.vnunet.com/networkitweek/features/2058993/kindness-strangers The Kindness of Strangers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628201313/http://www.vnunet.com/networkitweek/features/2058993/kindness-strangers |date=28 June 2006 }} VNU Net</ref> It used a combination of technologies born out of research at the [[University of Cambridge]] and developed a variety of [[enterprise search]] and [[knowledge management]] applications using adaptive [[pattern recognition]] techniques centered on [[Bayesian inference]] in conjunction with traditional methods. It maintained an aggressively [[entrepreneurial]] marketing approach, and sales controls described as a "rod of iron" - allegedly firing the weakest 5% of its sales force each quarter whilst cosseting the best sales staff "like rock stars".<ref name="telegraph25nov2012">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/9700557/Rage-of-the-Titans-Whitman-vs-Lynch.html Rage of the Titans: Whitman vs Lynch], ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'', 25 November 2012</ref>

Autonomy floated in 1998 on the EASDAQ exchange at a share price of approximately £0.30. At the height of the "[[dot-com bubble]]", the peak share price was £30.<ref>{{cite web |last=Loney |first=Matt |url=http://news.zdnet.co.uk/itmanagement/0,1000000308,2101784,00.htm?r=1 |title="What that £10k is worth now", 31st&nbsp;Dec 2001, zdnet.co.uk |publisher=News.zdnet.co.uk |date=13 November 2008 |access-date=18 April 2011 |archive-date=19 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019122307/http://www.zdnet.com/-3002101784/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=William |date=10 October 2000 |title=Autonomy plans LSE listing |url=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/autonomy-plans-lse-listing-20001010 |work=Financial News}}</ref>

December 2005: Autonomy acquired Verity, Inc., one of its main competitors, for approximately US$500 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iwr.co.uk/information-world-review/news/2145548/autonomy-buys-verity-500m-deal |title="Autonomy buys Verity", Information World Review |publisher=Iwr.co.uk |access-date=2 November 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102231258/http://www.iwr.co.uk/information-world-review/news/2145548/autonomy-buys-verity-500m-deal |archive-date=2 November 2006}}</ref> In 2005 Autonomy also acquired Neurodynamics.<ref name=directors>{{cite web|url=http://www.autonomy.com/content/Autonomy/Management/index.en.html|title=Autonomy's Board of Directors|publisher=Autonomy|access-date=20 June 2011|archive-date=16 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316042239/http://www.autonomy.com/content/Autonomy/Management/index.en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

May 2007: After exercising an option to buy a stake in technology start up [[Blinkx]] Inc, and combining it with its consumer division, Autonomy floated Blinkx on a valuation of $250 million.<ref>{{cite web|first=Pete |last=Cashmore |url=http://mashable.com/2007/05/22/blinkx-ipo/ |title=Blinkx IPO goes ahead |publisher=Mashable.com |date=22 May 2007 |access-date=18 April 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110519091418/http://mashable.com/2007/05/22/blinkx-ipo/| archive-date= 19 May 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status= live}}</ref>

July 2007: Autonomy acquired Zantaz, an email archiving and litigation support company, for $375 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.com/jsp/legaltechnology/pubArticleLT.jsp?id=1184749592567 |title=Autonomy buys Zantaz |publisher=Law.com |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref>

October 2007: Autonomy acquired Meridio Holdings Ltd, a UK company based in [[Northern Ireland]] that specialised in Records Management software, for £20 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autonomy.com/content/News/Releases/2007/1023b.en.html|title=Data Backup and Information Governance Software Solutions - Hewlett Packard Enterprise|access-date=10 September 2016|archive-date=20 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320024458/http://www.autonomy.com/content/News/Releases/2007/1023b.en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

28 May 2008: [[Kainos]] extended its partnership with Autonomy for high-end information processing and Information Risk Management (IRM) to deliver information governance solutions to its customer base.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kainos Embraces Additional Autonomy Group Technology |url=http://www.kainos.com/news/kainos-embraces-additional-autonomy-group-technology/ |publisher=Kainos Software Limited |date=28 May 2008 |access-date=15 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111013404/http://www.kainos.com/news/kainos-embraces-additional-autonomy-group-technology/ |archive-date=11 November 2013}}</ref>

January 2009: Autonomy acquired Interwoven, a niche provider of [[enterprise content management]] software, for $775 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idCALM33908320090122?rpc=44 |title=Autonomy to buy Interwoven for $775 mln |work=Reuters    |date= 22 January 2009|access-date=18 April 2011 |first=James |last=Davey}}</ref> Interwoven became Autonomy Interwoven and Autonomy iManage.

In 2009 Paul Morland, a leading analyst, started raising concerns about Autonomy's exaggerated performance claims.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/nov/22/ubs-goldman-sachs-autonomy|title=UBS and Goldman Sachs had access to negative Autonomy research|newspaper=The Guardian|date=22 November 2012|access-date=25 October 2012|location=London|first=Juliette|last=Garside}}</ref>

June 2010: Autonomy announced that it was to acquire the Information Governance business of [[Computer Associates|CA Technologies]]. Terms of the sale were not disclosed.<ref>[http://www.infogrok.com/index.php/technology-companies/autonomy-to-acquire-cas-information-governance-business.html Autonomy to Acquire CA's Information Governance Business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713043817/http://www.infogrok.com/index.php/technology-companies/autonomy-to-acquire-cas-information-governance-business.html |date=13 July 2011 }} News article from InfoGrok</ref>

5 May 2011: The [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]] [[Formula One]] team announced an $8 million sponsorship deal with Autonomy, and on 8 July 2010 [[Tottenham Hotspur FC]] announced a two-year sponsorship deal with Autonomy for their [[Premier League]] kit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://article.feedznow.com/Mercedes-GP-PETRONAS-announce-Autonomy-sponsorship/1720414212.aspx|title=Mercedes GP Petronas announce Autonomy sponsorship deal|publisher=Mercedes Benz|access-date=20 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811211245/http://article.feedznow.com/Mercedes-GP-PETRONAS-announce-Autonomy-sponsorship/1720414212.aspx|archive-date=11 August 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> For the 2011–12 season Spurs' Premier League shirt featured Autonomy's [[augmented reality]] technology [[Aurasma]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news/articles/tottenham-hotspur-shirts-to-feature-autonomys-aurasma-190611.html|title=Tottenham Hotspur shirts to feature Autonomy's Aurasma|publisher=Tottenham Hotspur F.C.}}</ref>

16 May 2011: Autonomy acquired [[Iron Mountain Digital]], a pioneer in [[Electronic discovery|E-discovery]] and online backup solutions provider, for $380 million from [[Iron Mountain Incorporated]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/may/16/autonomy-acquisition-iron-mountain-digital-archiving Autonomy buys Iron Mountain's digital archiving outfit] Guardian, 16 May 2011</ref>

=== Hewlett-Packard ===
{{See also|Hewlett-Packard#Takeover of Autonomy}}
[[File:HP Autonomy logo, blue.png|thumb|Logo of Autonomy following acquisition by [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP)]]
On 18 August 2011, [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP) announced that it would purchase Autonomy for US$42.11 per share with a [[control premium|premium]] of around 79% over market price that was widely criticized as "absurdly high", a "botched strategy shift" and a "chaotic" attempt to rapidly [[turnaround management|reposition]] HP and enhance earnings by expanding the [[profit margin|high-margin]] [[software]] [[business service provider|services]] [[business sector|sector]].<ref name="telegraph19aug2011">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/industry/8709821/Autonomy-board-backs-7bn-Hewlett-Packard-offer.html Autonomy board backs £7bn Hewlett-Packard offer], ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'', 19 August 2011</ref><ref name="reuters3oct2011">''[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hp-autonomy-idUSTRE79269E20111003 HP closes Autonomy deal]'', [[Reuters]], 3 November 2011: ''"Hewlett-Packard completed its $12 billion buy of British software firm Autonomy on Monday, the centerpiece of a botched strategy shift that cost ex-chief executive Leo Apotheker his job last month. HP said its 25.50 pounds-per-share cash offer -- representing a 79 percent premium that many HP shareholders found excessive -- had been accepted by investors."''</ref><ref name="bloomberg29nov2012">[https://web.archive.org/web/20121203051546/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-29/why-hewlett-packards-impulse-buy-didnt-pay-off Why Hewlett-Packard's Impulse Buy Didn't Pay Off], [[Bloomberg BusinessWeek]] 29 November 2012: ''"Apotheker believed that HP’s platform was sinking...[and] appeared to be in a hurry to transform the company... In a rapid series of moves announced in August 2011, Apotheker killed HP’s six-week-old TouchPad tablet, explored plans for a spin-out of its PC business, and championed the $10.3 billion acquisition of [] Autonomy. One former HP executive who worked there at the time says it appeared that Apotheker and the board didn’t know what to do, and were trying anything they could think of. It wasn’t a strategy, he says. It was chaos...  Oracle CEO Larry Ellison called Autonomy’s asking price 'absurdly high'."''</ref> The transaction was unanimously approved by the boards of directors of both HP and Autonomy and the Autonomy board recommended that its shareholders accept the offer.<ref>[http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2011/110818xc.html HP to acquire Autonomy] HP Newsroom, 18 August 2011</ref> On 3 October 2011 HP closed the deal, announcing that it had acquired around 87.3% of the shares for around $10.2 billion, and valuing the company at around $11.7 billion in total.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-15161453|title=Hewlett-Packard completes Autonomy buyout|access-date=3 October 2011|publisher=BBC News|date=18 October 2011}}</ref>

On 10 January 2012, legal entity Autonomy Corporation PLC was converted into private company '''Autonomy Corporation Limited'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AUTONOMY CORPORATION LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03175909 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2012, Mike Lynch left his role as Autonomy CEO after a significant drop in revenue in the previous quarter.<ref>[http://www.slashgear.com/hp-autonomy-co-founder-mike-lynch-replaced-23229567/ HP Autonomy co-founder Mike Lynch replaced] Slashgear, 23 May 2012</ref>

In September 2012, Robert Youngjohns was appointed SVP & GM of Autonomy/Information Management Business Unit.<ref name=yj>{{cite web|url=http://allthingsd.com/20120907/hp-names-microsoft-exec-robert-youngjohns-to-run-autonomy/|title=HP Names Microsoft Exec Robert Youngjohns to Run Autonomy|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

In November 2012, Hewlett-Packard announced that it was taking an $8.8 billion accounting charge after claiming "serious accounting improprieties" and "outright misrepresentations" at Autonomy;<ref name="NYT2012-11-20">[https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/h-p-takes-big-hit-on-accounting-improprieties-at-autonomy/ H.P. Takes Big Hit on ‘Accounting Improprieties’ at Autonomy] NY Times, 20 November 2012</ref><ref name="BBC2012-11-20">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20412186|title=BBC News - Autonomy misled HP about finances, Hewlett Packard says|date=20 November 2012|work=[[BBC Online]]|access-date=20 November 2012|quote=Computer maker Hewlett Packard has asked US and UK authorities to investigate alleged misrepresentations of Autonomy's finances before HP took over the UK software group last year.}}</ref> its share price fell to a decades' low on the news.<ref name=rogers2012>{{Citation
 |first=James |last=Rogers |publication-date=24 November 2012 |title=HP's Autonomy Hassles |work=thestreet.com |at=Tech  |publisher=[[TheStreet]] |publication-place=United States |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/11774534/1/hps-autonomy-hassles-tech-weekly-recap.html |access-date=22 January 2013 }}</ref> Previous management in turn accused HP of a "textbook example of defensive stalling"&nbsp;<ref name="hussainmotion11aug2014">[https://www.scribd.com/doc/236603308/170-Sushovan-Hussain-s-Reply-ISO-Motion Motion by Hussain, 2014-08-11] p.1-6</ref>{{rp|6}} to conceal evidence of its own prior knowledge and gross [[management|mismanagement]] and undermining of the company, noting public awareness since 2009 of its financial reporting issues<ref name="hussainmotion11aug2014" />{{rp|3}} and that even HP's [[CFO]] disagreed with the price paid.<ref name="telegraph25nov2012" /><ref name="hussainmotion11aug2014" />{{rp|3–6}} External observers stated that only a small part of the write-off appeared to be due to accounting mis-statements, and that HP had overpaid for businesses previously.<ref name="telegraph25nov2012" /><ref name="marketwatch19aug2014">[http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-mysterious-case-of-hewlett-packards-autonomy-deal-2014-08-19 The mysterious case of Hewlett-Packard’s Autonomy deal], ''[[Marketwatch]]'', 19 August 2014</ref> Lynch said that the problems were due to HP's running of Autonomy,<ref name="Telegraph2012-11-21">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/electronics/9694657/Mike-Lynch-defends-Autonomy-accounting-methods.html Mike Lynch defends Autonomy accounting methods] The Telegraph, 21 November 2012</ref> citing "internecine warfare" within the organization.<ref>[https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/11/20/autonomys-ex-chief-h-p-s-claims-completely-and-utterly-wrong/ Autonomy’s Ex-Chief: H.P.’s Claims ‘Completely and Utterly Wrong’] Dealbook, 21 November 2012</ref> Major [[cultural conflict|culture clashes]] had been reported in the press.<ref name="telegraph25nov2012" />

The [[Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)]], and the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] joined the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] in investigating the potential anomalies. In January 2015, the SFO closed its investigation as the chance of successful prosecution was low.<ref name=bbcstaff2012>{{Citation
 |publication-date=21 November 2012 |title=Autonomy misled HP about finances, Hewlett Packard says |date=21 November 2012 |at=bbc.co.uk |publisher=BBC News |publication-place=United Kingdom |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20412186 |access-date=22 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name=owens2012>{{Citation
 |first=Jeremy C. |last=Owens |publication-date=23 November 2012 |title=Investors go Black Friday shopping too, sending HP and other struggling tech stocks higher |at=mercurynews.com |newspaper=[[San Jose Mercury News]] |date=23 November 2012 |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/60-second-business-break/ci_22054748/biz-break-investors-go-black-friday-shopping-too |access-date=22 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-30883288|title=Autonomy HP sale investigation by Serious Fraud Office closes|date=19 January 2015|publisher=BBC News|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

Three lawsuits were brought by shareholders against HP, for the fall in value of HP shares. In August 2014, a [[United States district court]] [[United States federal judge|judge]] threw out a proposed settlement involving a fee of up to $48 million: Autonomy's previous management had argued the settlement would be [[collusive lawsuit|collusive]] and was intended to divert scrutiny of HP executives' own responsibility and knowledge.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hp-autonomy-idUSKBN0GP1L420140825|title=U.S. judge casts doubt on HP-shareholder settlement in Autonomy lawsuit|date=25 August 2014|access-date=10 September 2016|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/us-judge-rejects-settlement-deal-reached-in-hps-derivative-lawsuits-20140825-00874|title=Today's Stock Market News and Analysis from Nasdaq.com|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Cambridge Business Park Autonomy F1.jpg|thumb|right|240px|Model of 2009 Brawn GP Formula One Team car in Mercedes F1 livery at the Cambridge Business Park Autonomy building lobby.]] In November 2013, the HP Exstream customer communication management (CCM) business, formerly part of the HP LaserJet and Enterprise Solutions (LES) business, joined the HP Autonomy organization.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/software-solutions/software.html?compURI=1387351#.Uz8XnfldUyI|title=HP Exstream & Autonomy|publisher=HP}}</ref>

On 30 January 2014, the company announced that one of its partners, [[Kainos]], had integrated HP IDOL 10.5, the new version of HP Autonomy's information analytics engine, into Kainos's [[electronic medical record]] platform, Evolve.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=1569874#.UveUzfl_uSp |title=Kainos Harnesses HP IDOL for Next-generation Healthcare Analytics |publisher=HP Autonomy |date=30 January 2014 |access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref>

On 31 October 2015, Autonomy's software products were divided between HP Inc (HPQ) and Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE) as a result of the Hewlett-Packard Company separation. HP Inc was assigned ownership largely consisting of Autonomy's content management software components including TeamSite, Qfiniti, Qfiniti Managed Services, MediaBin, Optimost, and Explore. Hewlett Packard Enterprise retained ownership of the remaining software and legal entity of Autonomy Corporation Limited.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hpengage.com/|title=Exstream, TeleForm, LiquidOffice, TeamSite, Qfiniti, Optimost, and MediaBin are now part of OpenText|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref>Autonomy Corporation Limited Report and Financial Statements - 31 October 2016 https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03175909/filing-history/MzE4MjE3MDQ3OGFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0</ref>

=== Acquisition by Micro Focus and OpenText ===
OpenText acquired HP TeamSite, HP MediaBin, HP Qfiniti, HP Explore, HP Aurasma, and HP Optimost from HP Inc for $170 million on 2 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opentext.com/who-we-are/press-releases?id=DFE27860219443C99EFEA452B6442C20|title=News and Press Releases (PR) - OpenText|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

In 2017, HPE sold its Autonomy assets, as part of a wider deal valued at $8.8 billion, to the British software company [[Micro Focus]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-37304939|title=Micro Focus - from takeover target to FTSE 100 newcomer - BBC News|work=BBC News|date=8 September 2016|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref><ref name=mfmerger>{{cite web|url=https://www.microfocus.com/about/press-room/article/2017/micro-focus-completes-merger-with-hpe-software/|title=Micro Focus Completes Merger with HPE Software Business, Creating One of World's Largest Pure-play Software Companies|publisher=Micro Focus International plc|date=1 September 2017|access-date=4 September 2017}}</ref> Micro Focus acquired the operating subsidiary '''Autonomy Systems Limited''' and related foreign subsidiaries on 1 September 2017.<ref>Autonomy Systems Limited Report and Financial Statements - 31 October 2017 https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03063054/filing-history/MzIxODY1MDY0NmFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0</ref> Legal entity and former parent company Autonomy Corporation Limited was merged with fellow HPE subsidiary ACL Netherlands B.V. and ceased to exist.<ref>Confirmation of transfer of assets and liabilities - 19 October 2017 https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/03175909/filing-history/MzE4ODE2NzAwOWFkaXF6a2N4/document?format=pdf&download=0</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Corfield |first=Gareth |orig-date=2021-03-29 |title=Deloitte settled HPE's Autonomy lawsuit for $45m back in 2016 and agreed to cooperate with US DoJ |url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/03/29/deloitte_settled_hpe_lynch_lawsuit_45m/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=[[The Register]] |language=en}}</ref>

In April 2018 Autonomy's ex-CFO Sushovan Hussain was charged in the US and found guilty in of accounting fraud,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-48260772|title=Autonomy ex-finance boss sentenced to jail|date=13 May 2019|access-date=1 June 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref> and subsequently allowed out on bail after his appeal raised a "substantial question over his conviction."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Former Autonomy CFO granted bail pending US fraud appeal|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/06/27/former-autonomy-cfo-granted-bail-pending-us-fraud-appeal-boost/|website=The Telegraph|date=27 June 2019|last1=Cook|first1=James|last2=Titcomb|first2=James}}</ref> Hussain's appeal failed in August 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Stempel|first=Jonathan|date=26 August 2020|title=Ex-Autonomy CFO's conviction for Hewlett-Packard fraud is upheld by U.S. appeals court|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-hpe-autonomy-hussain-idUKKBN25M2EB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200826195927/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-hpe-autonomy-hussain-idUKKBN25M2EB|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 August 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref>

Based on Hussain's evidence, Lynch was charged with fraud in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-46397367|title = Ex-Autonomy boss Mike Lynch charged with fraud in the US|work = BBC News|date = 30 November 2018}}</ref> Lynch said he would contest extradition and that he "vigorously rejects all the allegations against him."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Autonomy Founder Mike Lynch Arrested in US Extradition Fight|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-05/autonomy-founder-mike-lynch-arrested-in-u-s-extradition-fight|website=Bloomberg|date=5 February 2020 }}</ref>

In March 2019, HP brought a civil action in the UK courts. The case was heard in a trial lasting 93 days, with Lynch present in the witness box for 22 days, making it one of the longest cross-examinations in British legal history.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://autonomyaccounts.org/uk-proceedings|title=UK Proceedings &#124; Autonomy Accounts|website=autonomyaccounts.org}}</ref> In January 2022, the High Court in London ruled that HP had "substantially won" its civil case against Lynch and Hussain in which HP claimed that the two individuals had "artificially inflated Autonomy's reported revenues, revenue growth and gross margins".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-60170510  |title=HP wins multibillion-dollar fraud case over Autonomy sale|newspaper=BBC|date=28 January 2022|access-date=28 January 2022}}</ref>

In September 2020, [[Deloitte]], who audited Autonomy between 2009 and 2011, were fined £15m for its [[audits]] that contained “serious and serial failures”.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jones|first=Huw|date=17 September 2020|title=Deloitte hit with record £15 million fine for Autonomy audit|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-accounts-deloitte-fine-idUKKBN2680UH|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918042844/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-accounts-deloitte-fine-idUKKBN2680UH|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 September 2020|access-date=27 October 2020}}</ref>

In August 2022, [[OpenText]] announced that it would acquire Micro Focus in a deal valued at US$6{{nbsp}}billion.<ref>{{cite news |last=Decloet |first=Derek |date=25 August 2022 |title=Open Text to Buy Software Firm Micro Focus at 99% Premium |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-25/open-text-to-acquire-software-firm-micro-focus-at-99-premium |url-access=limited |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220825225241/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-25/open-text-to-acquire-software-firm-micro-focus-at-99-premium |archive-date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> The acquisition was approved by the court on 27 January 2023, the transaction was completed on 31 January 2023.<ref name="sharesmagazine.co.uk"/><ref name="crn">{{Cite web |last=Haranas |first=Mark |date=31 January 2023 |title=Layoffs Ahead As OpenText Closes $5.8B Micro Focus Buy |url=https://www.crn.com/news/security/layoffs-ahead-as-opentext-closes-5-8b-micro-focus-buy |work=[[CRN (magazine)|CRN]]}}</ref>

==Products and services==
HP Autonomy products include Intelligent Data Operating Layer (IDOL), which allows for search and processing of text taken from both structured data and unstructured human information—including e-mail and mobile data—whether it originates in a database, audio, video, text files or streams.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infostor.com/index/articles/InfoStor-Article-Tool-Template/_saveArticle/articles/infostor/storage-management/hps-autonomy-debuts-end-to-end-ediscovery-solution-appliance.html |title=HP's Autonomy Debuts End-to-End eDiscovery Solution, Appliance |publisher=Infostor.com |access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref> The processing of such information by IDOL is referred to by Autonomy as Meaning-Based Computing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.computing.co.uk/itweek/analysis/2162661/interview-meaning-computing |title=What is meaning-based computing |date=21 August 2006 |publisher=Computing.co.uk |access-date=18 April 2011}}</ref>

HP Autonomy's offerings include:

;'''Marketing Optimization'''
:Web Experience Management, Web Optimization, Search Engine Marketing, Marketing Analytics, Contact Center Management, Rich Media Management
;'''Information Analytics'''
:Voice of the Customer, Media Intelligence, Video Surveillance, Big Data Analytics, [[Sales force management system|SFA]] Intelligence 
;'''Unified Information Access'''
:Enterprise Search, Knowledge Management, Content Access & Extraction
;'''Information Archiving'''
:Compliance Archiving, Litigation Readiness Archiving, Storage Optimization Archiving, Database & Application Archiving, Supervision & Policy Management
;'''eDiscovery'''
:Legal Hold, Early Case Assessment, Review & Analytics, Investigations, Post-Review
;'''Enterprise Content Management'''
:Policy-driven Information Management, Records Management, Legal Content Management, Business Process Management, Document and Email Management
;'''Data Protection'''
:Server Data Protection, Virtual Server Data Protection, Remote & Branch Office Data Protection, Endpoint Device Data Protection
;'''Customer Communications Management'''
:Healthcare Communications, Transactional Communications, State, Local & Federal Communications, Utility & Smart Meter Communications, High Volume Communications<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/AU%252F:LN |title=AU/: Stock Quote - Autonomy Corp Ltd |publisher=Bloomberg |access-date=9 February 2014}}</ref>
;'''Automated Information Capture'''
:Multichannel automated information capture:, Intelligent document recognition, Intelligent document classification, Remote capture, Validation<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.autonomy.com/products/teleform |title=HP Teleform - HP Autonomy |access-date=1 August 2014 |archive-date=4 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804153101/http://www.autonomy.com/products/teleform |url-status=dead }}</ref>
;'''Haven OnDemand'''
:The API platform for building data rich applications.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.havenondemand.com|title=Haven OnDemand|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151011213744/http://www.havenondemand.com/|archive-date=11 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haven OnDemand features a wide range of APIs for indexing and performing analytics on a range of information from plain text and office documents through to audio and video.
;'''Haven Search OnDemand'''
:An easy to use and quick to deploy Enterprise Search solution built onto of the Haven OnDemand API Platform.<ref>{{citation|url=http://search.havenondemand.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317220837/https://www.havenondemand.com/docs/api-overview.html#text-search|archive-date=17 March 2016|url-status=dead|title=Haven Search OnDemand}}</ref>

==Offices==
The Autonomy business had primary offices in Cambridge, England, and Sunnyvale, California, as well as other major offices in the UK, the US, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Singapore, Germany, and smaller offices in India and throughout Europe and Latin America.
<!--
==Business leadership==
Current HP Autonomy leadership:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autonomy.com/work/business-leadership/ |title=Autonomy Management & Business Leadership &#124; HP Autonomy |publisher=Autonomy.com |access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> 
* Robert Youngjohns, SVP & General Manager
* Rohit de Souza, GM Information Analytics & Search
* Rafiq Mohammadi, GM Marketing Optimization
* Mike Sullivan, GM eDiscovery & Information Archiving
* Neil Araujo, GM Enterprise Content Management
* David Jones, GM Data Protection
* Mike Salfity, GM Customer Communication Management

Many of Autonomy's senior executives left after the acquisition by Hewlett-Packard, "amid accusations that HP is too bureaucratic, and counterclaims that Lynch and his team failed to deliver on revenue targets".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/may/24/autonomy-mike-lynch-leave-hewlett-packard|title=Autonomy founder Mike Lynch to leave Hewlett-Packard|first=Charles|last=Arthur|date=24 May 2012|access-date=10 September 2016|work=The Guardian}}</ref>
Months after Lynch's departure, Robert Youngjohns was appointed Senior Vice President and General Manager of HP Autonomy in September 2012.<ref name="yj"/>
-->

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=}}
<!-- <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-48260772|title=Autonomy ex-finance chief sentenced to jail for HP fraud|date=13 May 2019|work=BBC News|access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> -->

==External links==
* [https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.02/autonomy_pr.html "The Quest for Meaning" WIRED]
* [http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1502 Michael Lynch On Meaning-Based Computing]

{{HP}}
{{OpenText}}
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[[Category:OpenText]]
[[Category:Accounting scandals]]
[[Category:Hewlett-Packard acquisitions]]
[[Category:Cloud computing providers]]
[[Category:Defunct software companies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Software companies established in 1996]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Companies based in Cambridge]]
[[Category:2011 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:2017 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Micro Focus International]]
[[Category:Enterprise search]]