Editing HRL Laboratories

{{Short description|Research facility in California, USA}}
{{Infobox company
| name = HRL Laboratories, LLC
| logo = HRL_Laboratories,_LLC_logo,_Jan_2018.png
| location_city = [[Malibu, California]]
| location_country = [[United States]]
| parent = [[General Motors Company]] and [[Boeing]]
| homepage = {{URL|www.hrl.com}}
| former_name = Hughes Research Laboratories
| foundation = {{Start date|1948}} in [[Culver City, California]]
| founder = [[Howard Hughes]]
}}

'''HRL Laboratories''' (formerly '''Hughes Research Laboratories''') is a research center in [[Malibu, California|Malibu]], [[California]], established in 1960. Formerly the research arm of [[Hughes Aircraft]], it is currently owned by [[General Motors Corporation]] and [[Boeing]]. It is housed in two large, white multi-story buildings overlooking the Pacific Ocean.

==History==
In the 1940s, [[Howard Hughes]] created an [[R&D]] facility in [[Culver City, California]]. In 1959 construction started on the headquarters located on a [[Malibu, California|Malibu]] hilltop overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The modernist white and glass building was designed by Los Angeles architects Ragnar Qvale and Neil Johnson. It was originally designed for David M. Potter to be Potter Aeronautical Company, and was acquired by Hughes Research Laboratories prior to completion. The headquarters was built by the [[Del E. Webb Construction Company]], who built several facilities for Hughes. The laboratory opened in 1960.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://delwebbsuncitiesmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/1959-1960.pdf |title=Webb Spinner 1959–1960 |access-date=2019-10-18 |archive-date=2020-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309100154/https://delwebbsuncitiesmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/1959-1960.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1970 the Webb Construction Company built the second building.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://delwebbsuncitiesmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/1969-1970.pdf |title=Webb Spinner 1969–1970 |access-date=2019-10-18 |archive-date=2018-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023120114/https://delwebbsuncitiesmuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/1969-1970.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1984 the U.S. Federal Courts declared in a court case that the [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] must divest itself of [[Hughes Aircraft]] Company and subsidiaries in order to retain its non-profit status. This led to [[General Motors]] purchasing Hughes Aircraft in 1985.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cole |first=Robert J. |date=1985-06-06 |title=G.m. to Acquire Hughes Aircraft in $5 Billion Bid |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/06/us/gm-to-acquire-hughes-aircraft-in-5-billion-bid.html |access-date=2020-06-08 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2020-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608065101/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/06/us/gm-to-acquire-hughes-aircraft-in-5-billion-bid.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

GM sold the Hughes aerospace and defense operations to [[Raytheon]] in 1997, and spun off Hughes Research Laboratories (legally renamed and organized on December 17, 1997 as a limited liability company, "HRL Laboratories, LLC"), with GM and Raytheon as co-owners. GM sold the Hughes satellite operations to [[Boeing]] in 2000, and the co-owners became Boeing, GM, and Raytheon. In 2007, Raytheon decided to sell its stake, though it still maintains research and contractual relations with HRL. For more details, please see [[Hughes Aircraft]]. HRL receives funding from its LLC partners, US government contracts, and other commercial customers.

HRL Laboratories, LLC received its first patent on September 12, 2000.

HRL focuses on advanced developments in [[microelectronics]], [[information science|information]] and [[systems science]]s, materials, [[sensors]], and [[photonics]]; their workspace spans from basic research to product delivery. It has particularly emphasized capabilities in high performance [[integrated circuits]], high power [[lasers]], antennas, [[Computer networking|networking]], [[quantum information science]], and [[smart materials]].

Despite downsizing during the aerospace industry's contraction of the 1990s, HRL still continued to be the largest employer in Malibu.{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}

==Notable accomplishments==
*The first working model of the [[laser]] was created at Hughes Research Laboratories in 1960 by [[Theodore Harold Maiman|Theodore Maiman]] (1927–2007).
*HRL began research on [[atomic clocks]] in 1959. In the late 1970s they produced experimental maser oscillators for NRL, which eventually led to space-based [[GPS]] atomic clocks.
*HRL began research on ion propulsion in 1960.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://science1.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/prop06apr99_2/ |publisher=NASA |title=Ion Propulsion – Over 50 Years in the Making |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131150908/http://science1.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/prop06apr99_2/ |archive-date=2014-01-31}}</ref> This research led to the Hughes developed xenon [[ion propulsion]] system (XIPS. XIPS was used as the primary propulsion system on [[NASA]]'s [[Deep Space&nbsp;1]] (launched in 1998). It is a standard option for primary stationkeeping on the Hughes/Boeing [[601HP]] (first use: [[Intelsat 5|PAS-5]], 1997) and the 702 (first use: [[Galaxy-XI]], 1999) geostationary satellite families.
*HRL claims to have developed the liquid crystal wristwatch in 1975.
*HRL's SyNAPSE neuromorphic chip is the first chip to learn like the brain by altering synapses (listed as one of MIT Tech Review top ten breakthrough technologies) (2010s).
*Developed world's largest most biologically accurate, integrated computational model of 9 brain systems explaining [[cognitive bias]]es (2010s).
*CNN Top Ten DARPA Technologies ([[Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System]]), the world's first "cognitive-neural" binocular threat-detection technology (2010s).
*Developed "MagicNet", a pattern matching method using time-delay neural networks that is two times faster than deterministic finite automata for exact pattern matching<ref name=hh2014>{{cite journal |author=H. Hoffmann, M. D. Howard, and M. J. Daily |year=2011 |title=Fast pattern matching with time-delay neural networks |journal=International Joint Conference on Neural Networks}}</ref> (2011).
*Designed and built reconfigurable spatially immersive display system (1990s).
*First hybrid satellite-wireless ad hoc network (1990s).
*First stabilized outdoor augmented reality system (1990s).
*HRL developed the [[metallic microlattice]], the lightest material, in 2011.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Ultralight Metallic Microlattices |author1=TA Schaedler |author2=A. J. Jacobsen |author3=A. Torrents |author4=A. E. Sorensen |author5=J. Lian |author6=J. R. Greer |author7=L. Valdevit |author8=W. B. Carter |journal=Science |date=18 November 2011 |volume=334 |number=6058 |pages=962–965 |doi=10.1126/science.1211649 |pmid=22096194 |bibcode=2011Sci...334..962S |s2cid=23893516}}</ref>
*Demonstrated singlet-triplet oscillations in a silicon quantum double dot<ref name=maune2012>{{cite journal |author=B. M. Maune, M. G. Borselli, B. Huang, T. D. Ladd, P. W. Deelman, K. S. Holabird, A. A. Kiselev, I. Alvarado-Rodriguez, R. S. Ross, A. E. Schmitz, M. Sokolich, C. A. Watson, M. F. Gyure, and A. T. Hunter |title=Coherent singlet-triplet oscillations in a silicon-based double quantum dot |journal=Nature |volume=481 |pages=344–347 |date=19 January 2012 |issue=7381 |doi=10.1038/nature10707 |pmid=22258613 |bibcode=2012Natur.481..344M |s2cid=4385331}}</ref> (2012).

==See also==
*[[Cognitive Technology Threat Warning System]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.hrl.com}}

{{General Motors}}
{{Boeing}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hrl Laboratories, Llc}}
[[Category:Defense companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Laboratories in California]]
[[Category:Technology companies based in Greater Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Greater Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Howard Hughes]]
[[Category:Malibu, California]]
[[Category:Companies based in Los Angeles County, California]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1960]]
[[Category:Electronics companies established in 1960]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1960]]
[[Category:Technology companies established in 1960]]
[[Category:1960 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Boeing mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:General Motors subsidiaries]]