Editing Hallingdal

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name              = Hallingdal
| settlement_type   = [[Districts of Norway|District]]
| image_skyline     =  Joachim Frich Fra Hallingdal.jpg
| image_caption     =  ''Frå Hallingdal'' (Joachim Frich)
| image_map         = Hallingdal.svg
| map_caption       = Map of Hallingdal and [[Municipalities of Norway|municipalities]] within [[Viken (county)|Viken County]]
| seat_type         = Adm. Center
| seat              = [[Nesbyen]]
| area_total_km2          = 5830
| population_total        = 20569
| population_as_of        = 2014
| population_demonym = Halling<br/>''Hallingdøl'' is used by many outside the valley.<ref name=Verkland>{{cite news|author1=Sylfest Lomheim|title=Dølar på Dalen|publisher=Klassekampen|date=2015-08-05|page=10|author1-link=Sylfest Lomheim}}</ref>
| population_density_km2  = auto
| subdivision_type  = Country
| subdivision_name  = [[Norway]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Norway|County]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Buskerud]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Norway|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Eastern Norway|Austlandet]]
|pushpin_map             = Buskerud#Norway
|coordinates             = {{coord|60|38|N|9|3|E|region:NO|display=Inline,title}}

}}
'''Hallingdal''' ({{langx|en|Halling Valley}})<ref>''North Dakota, a Guide to the Northern Prairie State''. 1938. Fargo, ND: Knight Printing Company, p. 79.</ref><ref>Middleton, William D. 2000. ''Yet There Isn't a Train I Wouldn't Take''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p. 114.</ref><ref>Berman, Martha. 1993. ''Fielding's Scandinavia''. New York: Fielding Travel Books, p. 298.</ref> is a [[valley]] as well as a [[Districts of Norway|traditional district]] located in the traditional and electoral district [[Buskerud|Buskerud county]] in [[Norway]]. It consists of six municipalities: [[Flå]], [[Nes, Buskerud|Nes]], [[Gol, Norway|Gol]], [[Hemsedal]], [[Ål]] and [[Hol, Norway|Hol]].<ref name="s">{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Hallingdal|title=Hallingdal|website=snl.no|first=Geir|last=Thorsnæs|date=April 2019}}</ref>

Hallingdal is one of the major valleys of eastern Norway, on an area of 5,830 square kilometers. Hallingdal lies in the northern part of the county of Buskerud. The valley stretches from [[Gulsvik]] by [[Krøderen (lake)|Lake Krøderen]] to the border with [[Hordaland]] and [[Sogn og Fjordane]]. Central to the geography is relatively flat mountain area which lies {{convert|700–1100|m|abbr=on}} above sea level. The valley is V-shaped and is drained by the [[ Hallingdalselva|Hallingdal River]] which originates in the western parts of [[Hardangervidda]] and flows eastwards later southwards through Hallingdal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Hallingdalsvassdraget|title=Hallingdalsvassdraget|website=snl.no|first=Knut A.|last=Rosvold|date=29 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regionraadet.no/Toppmeny/Om-Hallingdal/|title=Om Hallingdal (Regionrådet for Hallingdal)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217135331/http://regionraadet.no/Toppmeny/Om-Hallingdal/|archive-date=17 February 2015}}</ref>

==Etymology==
[[File:Skogshorn.jpg|thumb|left|Skogshorn in [[Hemsedal]], one of many high mountains in Hallingdal]]
The [[Old Norse]] form of the name was ''Haddingjadalr''. The first recorded case beginning with ''Hall-'' is from 1443. The first element seems to be the genitive case of the name of the people ''[[Haddingjar]]'' or of the male name ''Haddingi''. In [[Flateyjarbók]], a man named ''Haddingr'' is mentioned as the king of Hallingdal. Compare with the first element in ''Gudbrandsdalen'' '[[Gudbrand Valley]]'. In both cases the name is probably derived from the word ''haddr'', meaning 'woman's hair' and the name can consequently be interpreted as meaning 'the long haired ones'. The last element is ''dalr'' which means 'valley, dale'.<ref name="s" /><ref name=stadnamn>{{cite book|title=Norsk stadnamnleksikon|year=1980|publisher=Det Norske Samlaget|location=Oslo|isbn=82-521-0999-3|page=139|edition=2.|editor=Jørn Sandnes og Ola Stemshaug}}</ref><ref name=nordb>{{cite book|title=Norrøn ordbok|year=1990|publisher=Det Norske Samlaget|location=Oslo|isbn=82-521-3493-9|page=163|author=Leiv Heggstad, Finn Hødnebø og Erik Simensen|edition=4.}}</ref>
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==History==
From early on, Hallingdal prospered from trading with [[iron]], produced from local marshlands, and developed trading routes throughout the [[Iron Age]]. In later centuries, Hallingdal farmers traded cattle over the mountains from west to east. As the soil in the valley could be barren, trading was necessary. Ancient routes went to [[Vestlandet|western Norway]] (''Vestlandet'') through [[Valdres]] and Hallingdal and down [[Røldal]] to [[Odda]]. Reflecting this route, Hallingdal and its neighboring valley of Valdres were originally populated by migrants from Vestlandet and spoke a western [[dialect]]. The actual migration routes are hard to map, and the migrants may have intermixed with local hunters from the mountains around the valley. In recognition of this, Cardinal [[Pope Adrian IV|Nicholas Breakespear]], (later Pope Adrian IV) who was in [[Scandinavia]] as [[papal legate]] in 1153, included these two valleys in the [[Ancient Diocese of Stavanger|Diocese of Stavanger]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/%C3%A5rsaker_til_dialektvariasjon_i_Noreg|title=årsaker til dialektvariasjon i Noreg|website=snl.no|first=Martin|last=Skjekkeland|access-date=16 July 2015|date=28 April 2014}}</ref>

[[File:Nesbyen, Nes.jpg|thumb|left|[[Nesbyen]] in [[Nes, Buskerud|Nes]] is one of the largest settlements in Hallingdal]]

==Administration==
The municipalities within Hallingdal include [[Flå]], [[Nes, Buskerud|Nes]], [[Gol, Norway|Gol]], [[Hemsedal]], [[Ål]] and [[Hol, Norway|Hol]] which cooperate through the Hallingdal Regional Council (''Regionrådet for Hallingdal''). The area is within the jurisdiction area of the Hallingdal District Court (''Hallingdal tingrett'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regionraadet.no/|title=Hallingtinget|website=regionraadet.no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.domstol.no/DAtemplates/Section.aspx?id=14729&epslanguage=NO|title=Om Hallingdal tingrett|website=domstol.no|access-date=12 April 2011|archive-date=14 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314005305/http://www.domstol.no/DAtemplates/Section.aspx?id=14729&epslanguage=NO|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regionraadet.no/|title=Regionrådet|website=regionraadet.no}}</ref>

==Local culture==
[[File:Johanessen - Mädchen von Hallingdal.jpeg|thumb|''Girl from Hallingdal'' – Design for a traditional folk costume]]

===Art===
Hallingdal has developed its own style of [[rosemaling]] with a distinct symmetric style, different from those of [[Telemark]] and [[Valdres]]. The valley also fostered a number of known painters during the 18th and 19th century. The parents of Norwegian romanticist painter [[Hans Gude]] lived in Hallingdal until 1852, and Gude painted many of his works there.<ref name="HFG">{{cite book | last = Haverkamp | first = Frode | others = trans. Joan Fuglesang | title = Hans Fredrik Gude: From National Romanticism to Realism in Landscape | language = no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rosemaling.org/h_style.htm|title=Hallingdal style of rosemaling|website=rosemaling.org}}</ref>

===Music===

The music of Hallingdal is traditionally dominated by the [[hardingfele|hardanger fiddle]], which was taken into use from c. 1750. The dance tunes of the valley have a distinct pattern, following three different lines of tradition, one in the south, at [[Nes, Buskerud|Nes]], and two in the area of [[Ål]]. The tunes from Ål are recognized by a distinct rolling on the fiddle-bow, and the tunes are fairly old.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}}

From early on, Hallingdal also developed a tradition for [[langeleik]], partly replaced by the fiddle. The folk music tradition is held alive even today in the valley. After the opening of the [[Bergen Line]] Railway between Oslo and Bergen, the [[accordion]] came into more frequent use. Many fiddle tunes were adapted to the new instrument – usually a diatonic button accordion. Hallingdal is the most common area where the old fiddle music were adapted like this in local tradition.<ref>[https://snl.no/langeleik ''Langeleik'' (Store norske leksikon. Ola Kai Ledang)]</ref>

The [[Halling (dance)|Halling]] is the name of an old folk dance that is traditionally used in Norway. Each dancer is alone, in contrast to the more common couple's dances. The climax of the dance is known as thrown Halling, where the goal is to kick down a hat from a stick. The dance is often called ''Lausdans'' meaning "loose dance" in Hallingdal and Valdres, but is known as the Halling in most other valleys.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/lausdans|title=lausdans|website=snl.no|first=Hans-Christian|last=Arent|date=17 April 2018}}</ref>

===Dialect===
The [[Hallingdøl-Valdris|Halling dialect]] is the distinctive regional dialect of Hallingdal. It has many features in common with [[Hallingdøl-Valdris|Valdresmålet]], the regional dialect common to neighboring [[Valdres]]. Differences exist within the dialect, generally between the lower and upper parts of the valley. Here, as elsewhere, regional dialects are under strong pressure to change due to outside forces such as mass media and increased mobility in society.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/dialekter_i_Hallingdal|title=dialekter i Hallingdal|website=snl.no|first=Kjell|last=Venås|date=18 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/dialekter_i_Valdres|title=dialekter i Valdres|website=snl.no|first=Kjell|last=Venås|date=12 November 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Hallingdalselva]]
*[[Hallingdal Museum]]
*[[Hallingmål-Valdris]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
*[http://www.regionraadet.no/ Hallingdal Regional Council website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110408210324/http://www.norwaypost.no/buskerud/welcome-to-hallingdal-folk-museum.html Hallingdal Folk Museum website] 
*[http://vesterheim.org/folk-art-school/classes/rosemaling/2015-06-26-rosemaling-hallingdal/?gclid=COyXpuic2MYCFY9ffgodKaQOJQ Rosemaling in the Hallingdal Style]

[[Category:Hallingdal| ]]
[[Category:Districts of Buskerud]]
[[Category:Valleys of Buskerud]]
[[Category:Old roads of Norway]]