Editing Hampstead Heath

{{Short description|Public open space in London, England}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Hampstead Heath
| photo = 01DVG HAMPSTEAD HEATH EXTENSION.jpg
| photo_width = 
| photo_caption = Hampstead Heath extension towards Barnet
| type = Public park
| location = London, England
| map = United Kingdom London Camden
| map_width = 300
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = Location within the [[London Borough of Camden]]
| coords = {{coord|51|33|37|N|0|9|39|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
| area = {{convert|790|acre|ha}}
| operator = [[City of London Corporation]]
| visitation_num = 
| status = Open year round
| website = [https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/Pages/default.aspx City of London: Hampstead Heath ]
}}

'''Hampstead Heath''' is an ancient [[heath]] in London, spanning {{convert|320|ha|acre}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Environment_and_planning/Parks_and_open_spaces/Hampstead_Heath/ |title=City of London Hampstead Heath |author=David Bentley |date=12 February 2010 |publisher=City of London |access-date=13 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513102058/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/LGNL_Services/Environment_and_planning/Parks_and_open_spaces/Hampstead_Heath/ |archive-date=13 May 2011 }}</ref> This grassy public space sits astride a sandy ridge, one of the [[List of highest points in London|highest points in London]], running from [[Hampstead]] to [[Highgate]], which rests on a band of [[London Clay]].<ref name=Heath>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22644|title=Hampstead: Hampstead Heath – British History Online|website=british-history.ac.uk|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=8 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008155849/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22644|url-status=live}}</ref> The heath is rambling and hilly, embracing ponds, recent and ancient woodlands, a [[Lido (swimming pool)|lido]], playgrounds, and a training track, and it adjoins the former stately home of [[Kenwood House]] and its estate. The south-east part of the heath is [[Parliament Hill, London|Parliament Hill]], from which the view over London is protected by law.

Running along its eastern perimeter is a chain of ponds – including three open-air public swimming pools – which were originally [[reservoir (water)|reservoirs]] for drinking water from the [[River Fleet]]. The heath is a [[Site of Nature Conservation Interest|Site of Metropolitan Importance for Nature Conservation]],<ref name=GIGL>{{cite web|url=http://www.gigl.org.uk/igigl/siteDetails.aspx?sID=M072&sType=sinc|title=Hampstead Heath|publisher=Greenspace Information for Greater London|year=2006|access-date=9 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224101703/http://www.gigl.org.uk/igigl/siteDetails.aspx?sID=M072&sType=sinc|archive-date=24 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and part of Kenwood is a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]]. Lakeside concerts are held there in summer. The heath is managed by the [[City of London Corporation]], and lies mostly within the [[London Borough of Camden]], with the adjoining Hampstead Heath Extension and [[Golders Hill Park]] in the [[London Borough of Barnet]].

==History==

=== Early history ===
Archaeological discoveries on Hampstead Heath, including tools from the [[Mesolithic Britain|Mesolithic]], pits, postholes, and charred stones, point to the presence of a [[hunter-gatherer]] community around 7000 BC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hampstead: Settlement and Growth {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp8-15 |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref>

Documentary evidence of Hampstead Heath dates from 986, when [[Ethelred the Unready]] granted five [[hide (unit)|hides of land]] at "Hemstede" to the Abbot of Westminster. This same land is later recorded in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086 as held by the monastery of St. Peter's at [[Westminster Abbey]], and by then it is known as the "Manor of Hampstead".<ref name=Manor>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22646|title=Hampstead: Manor and Other Estates – British History Online|website=british-history.ac.uk|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=6 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106020251/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22646|url-status=live}}</ref> Westminster held the land until 1133, when control of part of the manor was released to Richard de Balta; then during [[Henry II of England|Henry II]]'s reign the whole of the manor became privately owned by Alexander de Barentyn, the King's butler.

===19th century legal and political battles===
[[File:Philippe J De Loutherbourg - Hampstead Heath, Summer - 1885P2589 - Birmingham Museums Trust.jpg|thumb|''Hampstead Heath'' by [[Philip James de Loutherbourg]], 1787,]]
[[File:Constable - Road to the Spaniards, Hampstead, 1822, Cat. 858.jpg|thumb|''[[Road to the Spaniards, Hampstead]]'' by [[John Constable]], 1822]]
In 1767, the Manor of Hampstead and the estate which went with it came into the possession of the Wilson family following the marriage of General Sir Thomas Spencer Wilson, sixth baronet, to Jane Weller, niece and heir of the Revd. John Maryon. The estate consisted of {{convert|416|acre|ha}}, being mainly farmland to the west and north west of the village and including the heath.<ref name=richardson>{{cite book |last1=Richardson |first1=John |title=Hampstead one thousand: AD 986-1986 |date=1985 |publisher=Historical Publications Ltd |location=New Barnet |isbn=0950365688|page=71}}</ref><ref name=wilson>{{cite ODNB |last1=Thompson  |first1=F. M. L.  |title=Wilson, Sir Thomas Maryon, eighth baronet |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/50157 }}</ref>

From 1808 to 1814 Hampstead Heath hosted a station in the [[Semaphore line|shutter telegraph chain]] which connected the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] in London to its naval ships in the port of [[Great Yarmouth]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Signal lesson for Navy |url=https://www.borehamwoodtimes.co.uk/news/1968628.signal-lesson-for-navy/ |access-date=12 December 2023 |work=Borehamwood and Elstree Times |date=16 January 2008}}</ref>

In 1821 Sir Thomas Maryon Wilson, eighth baronet, inherited the estate from  his father. The construction of the [[Finchley Road]] through Hampstead promised to open up the land for development, but under the terms of his father's will, Sir Thomas could neither sell any of the land nor grant leases on it for periods greater than 21 years, thus making it unsuitable for building.<ref name=wilson />{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=71}} 

In 1829 Sir Thomas tried to circumvent the will by promoting a bill in Parliament which would have allowed him to grant leases of up to 99 years. This was a straightforward  procedure and would normally have been passed without difficulty. But because the bill included a provision to build on the heath, it attracted considerable opposition. This came partly from individuals who held certain rights under the ancient system of [[copyhold]], and also from influential figures who valued the heath as a natural asset and a place of recreation. The bill was passed by the House of Lords but was rejected by the House of Commons.<ref name=wilson />

In 1830 Sir Thomas lodged a second bill. This specifically excluded the heath from development, but it did not exclude the {{convert|60|acre|ha}} East Park Estate which lay between the eastern part of the heath and Lord Mansfield's estate at Kenwood and Parliament Hill Fields. This bill also attracted opposition, on the grounds that if building was allowed on the East Park Estate, the East Heath would be surrounded by houses and its natural beauty would be lost. This bill also failed.{{sfn|Thompson|1974|page=147}}

Sir Thomas was to spend most of the rest of his life trying to obtain permission to grant leases for building. The matter became a ''cause célèbre'', with the opposition being led by such influential figures as [[John Gurney Hoare]] and Lord Mansfield.<ref name=wilson />{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=73}}

Although unable to grant leases for building, there was nothing to prevent Sir Thomas from undertaking his own building work. In the mid 1840s, he drew up plans to build 28 villas on the East Park Estate. Work was started on an access road, a wall and a gamekeeper's hut, remnants of which still survive. However, because of  landslips and problems of water penetration, attempts to build a viaduct to carry the road failed and the entire project was abandoned.{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=73}}<ref name=hamhigh>{{cite web |last1=Koos |first1=Isabella |title=How the battle for Hampstead Heath inspired the National Trust |url=https://www.hamhigh.co.uk/news/21326594.battle-hampstead-heath-inspired-national-trust/ |website=Ham & High |publisher=Hampstead & Highgate Express |access-date=28 June 2023 |language=en |date=12 January 2022}}</ref>

In 1866 the Hampstead Heath Protection Fund Committee was formed, a forerunner of the Heath & Hampstead Society which still campaigns to protect the heath.<ref name=hhsoc>{{cite web |title=Origins |url=https://www.heathandhampstead.org.uk/home/origins/ |website=The Heath & Hampstead Society |access-date=28 June 2023}}</ref>

In 1869 Sir Thomas died and the estate passed to his brother, Sir John Maryon Wilson. By now there was considerable pressure for public ownership of the heath. This was led by the [[Open Spaces Society|Commons Preservation Society]], which had been formed in 1865 with the specific aim of protecting common land.{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=74}}

{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Hampstead Heath Act 1871
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act for effecting a transfer to the Metropolitan Board of Works of the open space known as Hampstead Heath, and for enabling them to preserve, improve, and regulate the same; and for other purposes.
| year                  = 1871
| citation              = [[34 & 35 Vict.]] c. lxxvii
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 29 June 1871
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/34-35/77/pdfs/ukla_18710077_en.pdf
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}
In 1870 the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]] agreed to buy the heath on behalf of the public at a cost of £45,000 plus £2,000 for legal fees. The board also agreed to compensate the copyholders for the loss of their rights.{{sfn|Thompson|1974|page=196}} The '''{{visible anchor|Hampstead Heath Act 1871}}''' ([[34 & 35 Vict.]] c. lxxvii) was passed, stating that it would be "of great advantage to the inhabitants of the Metropolis if the Heath were always kept unenclosed and unbuilt on, its natural aspect and state being as far as may be preserved."<ref name=hamhigh /><ref>{{Cite web |title=1871 Hampstead Heath Act |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/34-35/77/enacted |website=Legislation.gov.uk}}</ref>

Pressure then grew to purchase the East Park Estate and the {{convert|200|acre|ha}} Parliament Hill Fields, but no funds were available for this. A public fund-raising campaign was launched, led by the philanthropist [[Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts|Baroness Burdett-Coutts]] and the campaigner [[Octavia Hill]].<ref name=hamhigh /> This succeeded in raising the required £300,000, and in 1899 the East Park Estate and Parliament Hill Fields were added to the heath.<ref name=wilson />{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=75}}

=== Later extensions ===

The Heath was further extended in 1898 with the purchase of [[Golders Hill Park]] for £38,000 from the estate of [[Thomas Spencer Wells|Sir Thomas Spencer Wells]].{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=76}}<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle= Wells, Sir Thomas Spencer |volume = 28 |last= |first= |author-link= |page=514 |short=1}}</ref>

In 1904 following a campaign led by [[Henrietta Barnett]], Wyldes Farm was purchased from [[Eton College]]. This land too was added to the Heath, and it is now known as the Heath Extension. The rest of Wyldes Farm was purchased by Henrietta Barnett to found the [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]].{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=77}} Another fund-raising campaign led by [[Arthur Crosfield]] enabled part of Kenwood to be purchased. This land was added to the Heath in 1922. Finally, [[Kenwood House]] and its adjacent ground were incorporated into the Heath in 1928 following a bequest by their owner, the [[Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh|Earl of Iveagh]].{{sfn|Richardson|1985|page=77}}<ref>[[The London Encyclopaedia]], Ben Weinreb & [[Christopher Hibbert]], 1983, {{ISBN|0333576888}}</ref>

=== Railway controversy ===

A fresh controversy arose in 1900 when the [[Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway]] submitted a parliamentary bill for an underground railway line between Hampstead and [[Golders Green]]. The company already had powers to build a line from [[Charing Cross]] to Hampstead, terminating at a station in Heath Street. That line would follow the course of existing streets and was therefore uncontroversial. The proposed extension, however, would involve tunnelling under part of the Heath. The Heath & Hampstead Society opposed the scheme on the basis that the tunnels would drain the sub-soil and that the vibration of passing trains would damage trees. The campaign received support from ''[[The Times]]'', which published a strongly-worded editorial opposing the railway.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tunnel Under Hampstead Heath |work=The Times |issue=36334 |date=25 December 1900 |location=London |page=9|id={{Gale|CS151316377}}}}</ref> But the claims were refuted by the railway company, who argued that the tunnels would be passing through impermeable clay at a depth of more than {{convert|200|ft|m}} and would therefore have no effect on the Heath's ecology.<ref>{{cite book |last=Badsey-Ellis |first=Antony |title=London's Lost Tube Schemes |year=2005 |publisher=Capital Transport |isbn=1-85414-293-3 | page = 137}}</ref>

The bill was passed by Parliament, receiving its royal assent on 18 November 1902.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=27497 |date=21 November 1902 |page=7533 }}</ref> The line, from Charing Cross to Golders Green, was opened in 1907. It now forms part of the [[London Underground]] [[Northern line]].

=== Recent developments ===

[[File:Hampstead Heath entrance south.JPG|thumb|[[Corporation of London]] sign on the south-west edge of the heath]]
The [[City of London Corporation]] has managed the heath since 1989.<ref name=City>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/living_environment/open_spaces/hampstead_heath.htm |title=Hampstead Heath |website=cityoflondon.gov.uk |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-date=4 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104193726/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/living_environment/open_spaces/hampstead_heath.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> Before that it was managed by the [[Greater London Council]] (GLC) and before that by the [[London County Council]] (LCC).

In 2021 ''Quiet Parks International'', a non-profit organisation whose aim is to identify locations around the world that remain free from human-made noise for at least brief periods, gave Hampstead Heath "Urban Quiet Park" status.<ref name=Guardian_20220116>{{cite news |last1=Moshakis |first1=Alex |title=Noises off: the battle to save our quiet places |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jan/16/noises-off-the-battle-to-save-our-quiet-places |newspaper=The Guardian |date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116103841/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jan/16/noises-off-the-battle-to-save-our-quiet-places |archive-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2023 sheep made a return to Hampstead Heath as part of an initiative by the [[City of London Corporation]]. The initiative aimed to enhance [[biodiversity]] through controlled grazing, utilizing a flock of five rare-breed [[Norfolk Horn]] and [[Oxford Down]]. This followed a successful trial in 2019 which was the first instance of sheep grazing on the Heath since the 1950s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvester |first=Andy |date=2023-09-07 |title=Sheep set to graze on Hampstead Heath: Yep, really |url=https://www.cityam.com/sheep-set-to-graze-on-hampstead-heath-yep-really/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |publisher=CityAM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheep return to graze on Hampstead Heath |url=https://news.cityoflondon.gov.uk/news/ |access-date=2024-01-26 |website=Sheep return to graze on Hampstead Heath |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Why are there sheep on Hampstead Heath? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-london-66789166 |access-date=2024-01-26 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

==Geography==
Part of the heath sits astride a sandy ridge that runs from east to west and rests on a band of [[London clay]]. Its highest point is at {{convert|134|m|ft}}.{{sfn|Bathurst|2012|pp=27-31}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/LondonBoroughs.php |title=London Borough Tops |work=The Mountains of England and Wales |access-date=20 March 2010 |archive-date=24 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124220611/http://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/LondonBoroughs.php |url-status=live }}</ref> As the sand was easily penetrated by rainwater which was then held by the clay, a landscape of swampy hollows, springs and man-made excavations was created.<ref name=Heath/> Hampstead Heath contains the largest single area of [[common land]] in Greater London, with {{convert|144.93|ha|acre}} of protected commons.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/protected/commons/ | title=Common Land and the Commons Act 2006 | publisher=[[Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs|Defra]] | date=13 November 2012 | access-date=3 February 2013 | archive-date=26 January 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126223915/http://www.defra.gov.uk/rural/protected/commons/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Public transport near the heath includes:
* [[London Overground]] railway stations: [[Hampstead Heath railway station|Hampstead Heath]] and [[Gospel Oak railway station|Gospel Oak]]
* [[London Underground]] stations: [[Hampstead tube station|Hampstead]] and [[Belsize Park tube station|Belsize Park]] to the south; [[Golders Green tube station|Golders Green]] to the north-west; [[Highgate tube station|Highgate]] and [[Archway tube station|Archway]] to the east and [[Kentish Town]] to the south-east.

Buses serve several roads around the heath.

==Areas of the heath==
The heath's {{convert|320|ha|acre}} include a number of distinct areas.

===Whitestone, Highgate and Hampstead Ponds===
{{main|Hampstead Heath Ponds}}
Hampstead Heath has over 25 ponds; most of these are in two distinct areas: the Highgate Ponds and the Hampstead Ponds.

====Whitestone Pond====
Whitestone Pond is a roughly triangular pond, centrally located on the heath's south side and [[north-northwest]] of Queen Mary's House ([[:Category:Defunct_hospitals_in_London|formerly]] a [[Nursing home|care home]] and before that a [[maternity hospital]]), across busy [[Heath Street, Hampstead|Heath Street]] (A502). Originally a small [[dew pond]] called the Horse Pond, it was renamed after a waypoint stone and is artificially fed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp75-81|title=Hampstead: Hampstead Heath – British History Online|website=british-history.ac.uk|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=25 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325005326/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp75-81|url-status=live}}</ref> <!--This [[spring (hydrology)|spring]]-fed pond [UNLIKELY AS IT LIES ATOP SAND BED] is the source of the [[River Westbourne]] (an [[19th-century London|18]]50s-[[Subterranean rivers of London|encased]] [[Thames tributary]]). [APPEARS TO BE A CORRUPTED CLAIM, SEE SOURCE ADDED TO [[River Westbourne]]] --> It has an exposed location, closely surrounded by roads, which limits its recreational use. It is the heath's best known body of water, and many people's introduction to Hampstead Heath's ponds.

====Highgate Ponds====
[[File:Model Boating Pond.jpg|thumb|Hampstead Heath's Model Boating Pond (Highgate Pond No. 3)]]
Highgate Ponds are a series of eight former [[reservoirs]], on the heath's east (Highgate) side, and were originally dug in the 17th and 18th centuries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.CIX.co.UK/~archaeology/hampstead-heath/ponds/ponds.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104021206/http://www.cix.co.uk/~archaeology/hampstead-heath/ponds/ponds.htm|url-status=dead|title=CIX.co.UK: Hampstead Heath Ponds|archive-date=4 January 2009}}</ref> They include two single-sex swimming pools (the men's and ladies' bathing ponds), a model boating pond, and two ponds which serve as wildlife reserves: the Stock Pond and the Bird Sanctuary Pond. Fishing is allowed in some of the ponds, although this is threatened by proposals to modify the dams.

The ponds are the result of the 1777 damming of Hampstead Brook (one of the [[Fleet River]]'s sources), by the Hampstead Water Company, which was formed in 1692 to meet London's growing water demands.<ref name=Heath/>

"Boudicca's Mound", near the present men's bathing pond, is a [[tumulus]] where, according to local legend, Queen [[Boudicca]] (Boadicea) was buried after she and 10,000 Iceni warriors were defeated at Battle Bridge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Humphreys |first1=Rob |last2=Bamber |first2=Judith |title=The Rough Guide to London |date=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=978-1-84353-093-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SxCN57GotDkC&dq=boudicca's+mound&pg=RA1-PA363 |access-date=31 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803005548/https://books.google.com/books?id=SxCN57GotDkC&pg=RA1-PA363&lpg=RA1-PA363&dq=boudicca's+mound&source=web&ots=cQ-EQNcou8&sig=IyaDjMx9SbrS4PTqCXahW0zOK_E |url-status=live }}</ref> However, historical drawings and paintings of the area show no mound other than a 17th-century windmill.

====Hampstead Ponds====
[[Image:Hampstead Ponds (171329664).jpg|thumb|right|Hampstead Pond No. 1]]
The Hampstead Ponds are three ponds in the heath's south-west corner, towards [[South End Green]]. Hampstead Pond No. 3 is the mixed bathing pond, where both sexes may swim.

====Pond maintenance====
In 2004 the [[City of London Corporation]], rejected a proposal by the Hampstead Heath Winter Swimming Club to allow "early-morning, self-regulated swimming in the mixed sex pond on Hampstead Heath"; the Corporation argued that it risked legal action by the [[Health and Safety Executive]] if it allowed such swimming, since the Executive had refused to give assurances to the Corporation that it would not be prosecuted under the [[Health and Safety at Work Act]]. The swimmers successfully challenged this in the [[High Court of Justice|High Court]], which in 2005 ruled that members of the swimming club had the right to swim at their own risk, and that the {{not a typo|Corporation}} would not be liable under the Act for injuries as a result.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2005/713.html | title=Hampstead Heath Winter Swimming Club & Anor v Corporation of London & Anor &#91;2005&#93; EWHC 713 (Admin) (26 April 2005) }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hardy bathers win right to swim unsupervised |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/apr/27/claredyer |access-date=31 August 2021 |work=the Guardian |date=27 April 2005 |language=en |archive-date=1 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801111820/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/apr/27/claredyer |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2011 the City of London announced a scheme which it said would improve the safety of the dams, to guard against damage that might result from a very large, but rare storm hitting London. The proposed engineering modifications of the dams were aimed at ensuring that three dams complied with the 1975 Reservoir Act. With the passage of the 2010 Flood and Water Management Act the City of London was advised that all the dams on the heath would need to comply with the reservoir safety regulations. The proposed works in 2011 included recommendations to improve the water quality of the lake, which had suffered from algae blooms. The proposals for the pond dams were extensively modified in 2012–2014. The proposals were challenged by a consortium of groups and societies collectively called "Dam Nonsense". However, with the dam project being now completed, many locals have begun to accept the changes as wildlife begins to soften the border between the artificial and the natural in this area.

===Caen Wood Towers===
To the north east of the heath is a derelict site within the conservation area comprising the grounds and mansion of the former [[Athlone House (formerly Caen Wood Towers), Highgate|Caen Wood Towers]] (renamed Athlone House in 1972). This historic building, currently in disrepair, was built in 1872 for Edward Brooke, aniline dye manufacturer (architect, [[Edward Salomons]]). In 1942 the building was taken for war service by the [[Royal Air Force]] and was used to house the [[RAF Intelligence]] School, although the 'official' line was that it was a convalescence hospital. The Operational Record (Form 540) of RAF Station Highgate (currently in the National Archives, [[Kew]]) was declassified in the late 1990s and shows the true role of this building in wartime service. The building sustained 2 near misses from [[V-1 (flying bomb)|V-1]] flying bombs in late 1944, causing damage and injuries to staff. The RAF Intelligence School remained in Caen Wood Towers until 1948, when the building was handed over to the Ministry of Health. It was then used as a hospital and finally a post-operative recovery lodge, before falling into disrepair in the 1980s. The NHS sold off this part of their estate in 2004 to a private businessman who is currently redeveloping much of the site; however the House and its gardens fall within the conservation area of Hampstead Heath.

=== Parliament Hill Fields ===
{{main|Parliament Hill, London}}
Parliament Hill Fields lies on the south and east of the heath. It officially became part of the heath in 1888. It contains various sporting facilities including an athletics track, tennis courts and [[Parliament Hill Lido]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.camden.gov.uk/ccm/content/contacts/non-council-contacts/contact-parliament-hill-fields.en;jsessionid=1273172130481E799F955F755AFBD40F.node2 |title=Camden Council: Contact Parliament Hill Fields |access-date=6 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121171736/http://www.camden.gov.uk/ccm/content/contacts/non-council-contacts/contact-parliament-hill-fields.en;jsessionid=1273172130481E799F955F755AFBD40F.node2 |archive-date=21 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Parliament Hill itself is considered by some to be the focal point of the heath,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/london/parliament_hill/|title=BBC – Seven Wonders – Parliament Hill |publisher=bbc.co.uk |access-date=30 March 2018 |archive-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110225406/http://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/london/parliament_hill/ |url-status=live}}</ref> with the highest part of it known to some as "Kite Hill" due to its suitability for [[kite flying]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hampstead Heath – Sightseeing, Areas & Squares |url=http://www.virtual-london.com/sightseeing/areas-and-squares/hampstead-heath-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222100350/http://www.virtual-london.com/sightseeing/areas-and-squares/hampstead-heath-1.html |archive-date=22 December 2007}}</ref> The hill is {{convert|98.1|m|ft}} high and is notable for its excellent views of the London skyline. The skyscrapers of [[Canary Wharf]] and the [[City of London]] can be seen, along with [[St Paul's Cathedral]] and other landmarks, all in one panorama, parts of which are [[protected views]]. The main staff yards for the management of the heath are located at Parliament Hill Fields.<ref name=City/>

In the south-east of the heath, on the southern slopes of Parliament Hill, is the Gospel Oak [[Lido (swimming pool)|Lido]] open air swimming pool, with a running track and fitness area to its north. Parliament Hill Fields was successfully defended from development in the late 19th Century by [[Octavia Hill]] and the [[Open Spaces Society|Commons Preservation Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Octavia Hill's life and work: History |url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/discover/history/people/www.nationaltrust.org.uk/discover/history/people/octavia-hill-her-life-and-legacy |access-date=2022-12-02 |website=National Trust |language=en}}</ref> 

[[Image:Kenwood House false bridge October.jpeg|thumb|Kenwood House false bridge]]

===Kenwood===
{{main|Kenwood House}}
The area to the north of the heath is the Kenwood Estate and House – a total area of {{convert|50|ha|acre}} which is maintained by [[English Heritage]]. This became part of the heath when it was bequeathed to the nation by [[Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh|Lord Iveagh]] on his death in 1927, and opened to the public in 1928. The original house dates from the early 17th century. The [[orangery]] was added in about 1700.

===Hampstead Heath Woods===
{{main|Hampstead Heath Woods}}
One third of the Kenwood estate (Ken Wood and North Wood) is a biological [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]], designated by [[Natural England]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271003451%27|publisher=Natural England|title=Map of Hampstead Heath Woods SSSI|access-date=23 September 2016|archive-date=6 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006175358/http://magic.defra.gov.uk/MagicMap.aspx?startTopic=Designations&activelayer=sssiIndex&query=HYPERLINK%3D%271003451%27|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Natural England, Hampstead Heath Woods SSSI citation |url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003451.pdf |access-date=16 June 2012 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024045152/http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1003451.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Edge of the Vale of Health.JPG|thumb|Leading down to the Vale of Health]]

===The Vale of Health===
The Vale of Health is a [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] accessed by a lane from East Heath Road; it is surrounded entirely by the heath. In 1714, one Samuel Hatch, a harness maker, built a workshop and was granted some land. By 1720, he had a cottage at what was subsequently called ''Hatch's'' or ''Hatchett's Bottom''.  A new name, regarded as a deliberate attempt to change the image of a developing location, the ''Vale of Health'', was recorded in 1801.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hampstead: Vale of Health |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp71-73 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk |access-date=17 August 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817121850/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp71-73 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Extension===
The Extension is an open space to the north-west of the main heath. It does not share the history of common and heathland of the rest of the heath. Instead it was created out of farmland, largely due to the efforts of [[Henrietta Barnett]] who went on to found [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]]. Its farmland origins can still be seen in the form of old field boundaries, hedgerows and trees.

===The Hill Garden and Pergola {{anchor|Pergola}}===
{{main|Inverforth House}}
[[File:The Hill Garden - geograph.org.uk - 656785.jpg|thumb|right|Part of the Hill Garden and Pergola seen in 2008 ]]
The Hill Garden and Pergola lie to the west of [[Inverforth House]] (formerly The Hill), and were laid out from 1906 by [[Thomas Hayton Mawson]] as private gardens for [[William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme|Lord Leverhulme]].<ref name="marsh">{{cite web |last1=Marsh |first1=David |title=The Pergola, Hampstead. |url=https://thegardenstrust.blog/2020/06/06/the-pergola-hampstead/ |publisher=[[The Gardens Trust]] |access-date=19 January 2024 |language=en |date=6 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="johnson">{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Ben |title=Hampstead Pergola and Hill Gardens |url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryMagazine/DestinationsUK/Hampstead-Pergola-Hill-Gardens/ |website=Historic UK |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref> After neglect in recent decades the garden and pergola are in the care of the [[City of London Corporation]], are being restored, and are open to the public but locked at night.<ref name="visitgardens">{{cite web |title=The Hill Garden and Pergola |url=https://www.visitgardens.co.uk/gardens/the-hill-garden-and-pergola/ |website=Visit Gardens |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Hill Garden and Pergola |url=https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/where-to-go-at-hampstead-heath/hill-garden-and-pergola |website=City of London |access-date=19 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref> Several buildings within the garden are individually [[listed building|listed]] at grade II* or grade II. Those at grade II* include: the summerhouse at the western end of the pergola, which has extensive views over Hampstead Heath towards [[Harrow on the Hill]];<ref>{{NHLE|num=1322070| desc=The Hill Garden Western Summerhouse|grade=II*|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> a summerhouse to the south of the garden;<ref>{{NHLE|num=1322067| desc=The Hill Garden Southern Summerhouse|grade=II*|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> the southern [[pergola]] and terrace;<ref>{{NHLE|num=1322065|desc=The Hill Garden Southern Pergola and Terrace|grade=II*|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> the Cruciform pergola;<ref>{{NHLE|num=1113202|desc=The Hill Garden Cruciform Pergola|grade=II*|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> a bridge;<ref>{{NHLE|num=1113195|desc=The Hill Garden Garden Bridge|grade=II*|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> the Central Temple summerhouse;<ref>{{NHLE|num=1113199|desc=The Hill Garden Central Temple Summerhouse|grade=II*|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> and the western pergola.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1322069|desc=The Hill Garden Western Pergola|grade=II*|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> The structures listed at grade II are: the pond and its architectural surround;<ref>{{NHLE|num=1113187|desc=Formal pond surround, fountain and pedestals in Inverforth House Garden|grade=II|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> and the garden terrace steps.<ref>{{NHLE|num=1322065|desc=Garden terrace steps at Inverforth House|grade=II|access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref>

===Golders Hill Park===
{{main|Golders Hill Park}}
Golders Hill Park is a formal park adjoining the West Heath. It occupies the site of a large house that was bombed during World War II. It has an expanse of grass, with a formal [[flower garden]], a [[duck pond]] and a separate water garden that leads to a separate area for [[deer]], near a recently renovated small [[zoo]]. The zoo has [[donkey]]s, [[mara (mammal)|maras]], [[ring-tailed lemur]]s, [[ring-tailed coati]]s, [[white-cheeked turaco]]s and [[European Eagle Owl|European eagle-owl]]s, among other animals. There are also [[tennis court]]s, a butterfly house and a [[putting green]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camden.gov.uk/ccm/content/contacts/non-council-contacts/contact-golders-hill-park.en;jsessionid=6390BDFA047A591B901F531EA3E777F6.node1|title=Contact Golders Hill Park|last=|website=camden.gov.uk|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175013/http://www.camden.gov.uk/ccm/content/contacts/non-council-contacts/contact-golders-hill-park.en;jsessionid=6390BDFA047A591B901F531EA3E777F6.node1|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Unlike most of the rest of the heath, Golders Hill Park is fenced in, and is closed at night.

==Site of Special Scientific Interest==
{{main|Hampstead Heath Woods}}
Ken Wood and North Wood are a biological [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] called [[Hampstead Heath Woods]], designated by [[Natural England]].<ref>{{cite web  |url= https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1003451&SiteName=hampstead&countyCode=&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea=  |title= Designated Sites View: Hampstead Heath Woods  |series= Sites of Special Scientific Interest  |publisher= Natural England  |access-date= 19 February 2018  |archive-date= 1 August 2020  |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200801115014/https://designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk/SiteDetail.aspx?SiteCode=S1003451&SiteName=hampstead&countyCode=&responsiblePerson=&SeaArea=&IFCAArea=  |url-status= live  }}</ref>

==Constabulary==
{{Main|Hampstead Heath Constabulary}}

The heath is policed by the [[Hampstead Heath Constabulary]], part of the [[City of London Corporation]]. Its constables are: {{Blockquote|text= ''called upon to enforce Byelaws, Common Law and Criminal Law, protect City of London property and provide a response to any incident that may disrupt the enjoyment of users of these sites''.<ref name="cityoflondon.gov.uk">{{cite web|url=https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/visitor-information/Pages/Constabulary.aspx|title=Constabulary - Visitor information |website=City of London|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=20 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820132200/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/visitor-information/Pages/Constabulary.aspx|url-status=live}} </ref>}} From their inauguration until 24 May 2018 some constables worked with general purpose dogs, all licensed to NPCC/Home Office standards. They have been responsible for patrolling the Heath since 1992.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk/ieListDocuments.aspx?CId=261&MID=17684#AI49468|title=Hampstead Heath Constabulary Annual Report 2015–16|date=27 June 2016 |access-date=1 October 2016|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080916/http://democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk/ieListDocuments.aspx?CId=261&MID=17684#AI49468|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Agenda item - *Hampstead Heath Constabulary Update |url=https://democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk/mgAi.aspx?ID=148302 |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref>

==Activities==
The heath is home to a range of activities, including 16 different sports.<ref name=City/> It is used by walkers, runners, swimmers and kite-flyers.  Running events include the weekly [[parkrun]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parkrun.org.uk/hampsteadheath|title=Hampstead Heath parkrun – Weekly Free 5 km Timed Run|access-date=1 October 2016|archive-date=31 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160831044103/http://www.parkrun.org.uk/hampsteadheath/|url-status=live}}</ref> and the annual [[Race for Life]] in aid of [[Cancer Research UK]]. Until February 2007 Kenwood held a series of popular lakeside concerts.

Facilities include an athletics track, a [[pétanque]] pitch, a volleyball court and eight separate children's play areas, including an [[adventure playground]].<ref name=City/>

Swimming takes place all year round in two of the three natural swimming ponds: the men's pond which opened in the 1890s, and the ladies' pond which opened in 1925. The mixed pond is only open from May to September, though it is the oldest, having been in use since the 1860s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=4602|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007103015/http://www.london.gov.uk/view_press_release.jsp?releaseid=4602|url-status=dead|title=Greater London Authority – Press Release<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=7 October 2008}}</ref>

The West Heath is regarded as a night-time [[Gay cruising in England and Wales|gay cruising ground]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pinkuk.com/venues/gay/2/london/gay-cruising#hampsteadheath|title=Gay venue search: Pink UK|website=pinkuk.com|access-date=30 March 2018|archive-date=30 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330144040/https://pinkuk.com/venues/gay/2/london/gay-cruising#hampsteadheath|url-status=live}}</ref> [[George Michael]] revealed that he cruised on the heath,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/personal-column-i-go-with-gay-strangers-we-have-our-own-code-409834.html |work=The Independent |location=London |title=Personal Column: 'I go with gay strangers. We have our own code' |first=Patrick |last=Howard |date=30 July 2006 |access-date=27 December 2018 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203055738/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/personal-column-i-go-with-gay-strangers-we-have-our-own-code-409834.html |url-status=live }}</ref> an activity he then parodied on the ''[[Extras (TV series)|Extras]]'' Christmas Special.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/12/28/nosplit/bvtv28last.xml | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101042402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=%2Farts%2F2007%2F12%2F28%2Fnosplit%2Fbvtv28last.xml | url-status=dead | archive-date=1 January 2008 | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | title=Last night on television: Extras Christmas Special (BBC1) – Battleship Antarctica (Channel 4) | first=Gerard | last=O'Donovan | date=28 December 2007 | access-date=4 May 2010 }}</ref> A notable site used for gay sex is the [[Fuck Tree]], which was the subject of anti-cruising protests in 2025.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/03/09/hampstead-heath-dog-walkers-cruising-homophobic-campaign/|archive-url=|title=Hampstead Heath at war over tree used in gay cruising|date=9 March 2025|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=16 April 2025|archivedate=}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
[[File:Portrait of Keats - HH.jpg|thumb|''[[Keats Listening to a Nightingale on Hampstead Heath]]'' by [[Joseph Severn]], 1845]]
While living in London, [[Karl Marx]] and his family went to the heath regularly, as their favourite outing.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mehring|first=Franz|title=Karl Marx: The Story of His Life|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-31333-9|page=247|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=486z9lE-jdsC&pg=PA247|access-date=13 March 2016|archive-date=16 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516094415/https://books.google.com/books?id=486z9lE-jdsC&pg=PA247|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[John Atkinson Grimshaw]], Victorian-era painter, painted an elaborate night-time scene of Hampstead Hill in oils. Hampstead Heath also provided the backdrop for the opening scene in [[Victorian literature|Victorian]] writer [[Wilkie Collins]]' novel ''[[The Woman in White (novel)|The Woman in White]]''.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

[[Bram Stoker]]'s novel ''[[Dracula]]'' is partly set on Hampstead Heath, in scenes when the undead Lucy abducts children playing on the heath.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stoker |first=Bram |title=Dracula: A Centennial Edition|date=2007 |publisher=Signet Classics |isbn=978-0-451-53066-0 |location=New York|author-link=Bram Stoker|ref=none |chapter=Chapter XIII Dr. Seward's Diary THE HAMPSTEAD HORROR.}}</ref>

Hampstead Heath forms part of the location for [[G. K. Chesterton]]'s fictional story "[[The Blue Cross (short story)|The Blue Cross]]" from ''[[The Innocence of Father Brown]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Chesterton |first1=G. K. |title=The Innocence of Father Brown |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/files/204/204-h/204-h.htm |access-date=31 August 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414025546/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/204/204-h/204-h.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Heath is mentioned in Ralph Vaughan Williams' Symphony no. 2 'A London Symphony' with the subtitle 'Hampstead Heath on an August Bank Holiday'.

The photos used for the cover of [[The Kinks]]{{'}} LP [[The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society#UK and US edition|''The Kinks Are The Village Green Preservation Society'']] were taken on the Heath in August 1968. In some photographs, [[Witanhurst]] is visible in the background.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

[[Notting Hill (film)|''Notting Hill'']] (1999) featured scenes shot at the heath, located primarily around Kenwood House, where [[Julia Roberts]]' character was filming a movie.<ref>{{cite news|title=UK: Royals out in force for wedding|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/390340.stm|publisher=BBC News|access-date=5 August 2010|date=9 July 1999|archive-date=8 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808132149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/390340.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2005, [[Giancarlo Neri]]'s [[sculpture]] ''The Writer'', a 9-metre-tall table and chair, was exhibited on Hampstead Heath.<ref>{{cite news|last=Moggach|first=Deborah|title=Heath's literary tribute makes handy goalposts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jun/23/arts.artsnews|access-date=5 August 2010|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=23 June 2005|author2=Richard Jinman|location=London|archive-date=19 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919010918/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jun/23/arts.artsnews|url-status=live}}</ref>

The film ''[[Scenes of a Sexual Nature]]'' (2006) was shot entirely on Hampstead Heath.<ref>{{cite web|last=Braun|first=Liz|title=''Sexual Nature'' all talk|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Reviews/S/Scenes_Of_A_Sexual_Nature/2007/05/25/4207296.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711155653/http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Reviews/S/Scenes_Of_A_Sexual_Nature/2007/05/25/4207296.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=11 July 2012|publisher=Jam! Showbiz|access-date=5 August 2010}}</ref>

[[Colin Wilson]] slept rough (in a sleeping bag) on Hampstead Heath to save money when he was working on his first novel, ''[[Ritual in the Dark]]''.<ref>Desert Island Discs Archive: 1976–1980</ref>

In [[John le Carré]]'s novel ''[[Smiley's People]]'', the heath is the murder scene of General Vladimir, a pivotal event that leads to the downfall of George Smiley's nemesis [[Karla (fictional character)|Karla]].{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

''[[Hampstead (film)|Hampstead]]'' is a 2017 film directed by [[Joel Hopkins]] about [[Harry Hallowes]], who claimed [[Adverse possession|squatter's rights]] on a corner of the heath on which he lived in a makeshift camp.

[[Taylor Swift]] mentions the heath in her song [[So Long, London]] off her album [[The Tortured Poets Department]].

==Gallery==
<div style="position:relative;">
[[Image:London-panorama-hampstead.jpg|750px]]
{{Image label|x=0.0258 |y=0.13 |scale=750|text=[[30 St Mary Axe|<span style="color:white;">"Gherkin" ┐</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.129 |y=0.13 |scale=750|text=[[Tower 42|<span style="color:white;">┌ Tower 42</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.297 |y=0.145 |scale=750|text=[[St Paul's Cathedral|<span style="color:white;">┌ St Paul's</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.546 |y=0.145 |scale=750|text=[[London Eye|<span style="color:white;">London Eye ┐</span>]]}}
{{Image label|x=0.768 |y=0.13 |scale=750|text=[[BT Tower|<span style="color:white;">┌ BT Tower</span>]]}}
Panorama of London from Kenwood (after completion of [[30 St Mary Axe|the Gherkin]] in 2003 but before the building of the [[Heron Tower]] in 2009–10).
</div>
<gallery mode="packed">
Image:Kenwood_House.jpg|Kenwood House
Image:Vale of Health.JPG|The Vale of Health
Image:Hampstead Heath The writer.jpg|''The Writer'', temporary structure in 2005
Image:Emirates Stadium from Hampstead Heath.JPG|[[Arsenal F.C.]]'s [[Emirates Stadium]] viewed from Hampstead Heath
Image:Hampstead Heath, North-West.jpg|View towards [[St Jude's Church, Hampstead Garden Suburb|St Jude's church]] in [[Hampstead Garden Suburb]] from the Heath extension
</gallery>

{{wide image|Panorame from parliament hill.jpg|3600px|A [[panoramic image]] of London from Parliament Hill, late 2010 ([[the Shard]] can be seen under construction behind St Paul's Cathedral)|center|dir=ltr}}

==See also==
{{Portal|London}}
*[[List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater London]]
*[[Camden parks and open spaces]]
*[[Barnet parks and open spaces]]
*[[Nature reserves in Barnet]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last= Bathurst |first= David |year= 2012 |title= Walking the county high points of England |location= Chichester |publisher= Summersdale |isbn= 978-1-84-953239-6 }}
* {{cite book |title= Hampstead Heath: Its Geology and Natural History|publisher= Hampstead Scientific Society |first= T. |last= Fisher Unwin |location= London |year= 1913 }}
* {{cite book|title= Nature Conservation in Barnet|first=Janet |last =Hewlett|publisher=[[London Ecology Unit]]|year=1997|isbn=1-871045-27-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=F.M.L. |title=Hampstead: building a borough, 1650-1964 |date=1974 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |location=London and Boston |isbn=0710077475}}
* {{cite book|title=The London Encyclopaedia|first1= Ben|last1= Weinreb |first2= Christopher|last2= Hibbert|publisher= Macmillan|year=2010|isbn=978-1405049252}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
* [https://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath The official Hampstead Heath pages] on the City of London website
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20120830224642/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/things-to-do/green-spaces/hampstead-heath/Documents/hampstead-heath-map.pdf Hampstead Heath map]
* [http://www.hampsteadheath.net Comprehensive and detailed website for Hampstead Heath]
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=22644 History of Hampstead Heath]

{{Parks and open spaces in London}}
{{UK private and military police forces}}
{{London landmarks}}
{{Nature reserves in Barnet}}
{{SSSIs Greater London}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Camden]]
[[Category:Nature reserves in the London Borough of Camden]]
[[Category:Parks and open spaces in the London Borough of Barnet]]
[[Category:Nature reserves in the London Borough of Barnet]]
[[Category:Parks and open spaces of the City of London Corporation]]
[[Category:Hills of London]]
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in London]]
[[Category:Highest points of English counties]]
[[Category:Hampstead]]
[[Category:Common land in London]]
[[Category:Highgate]]
[[Category:Heaths of London]]