Editing Harry Ord

{{Short description|British colonial administrator}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2010}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix    = [[Major-general (United Kingdom)|Major General]] [[The Honourable]]
| name                = Sir Harry Ord
| honorific-suffix    = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCMG|CB}}
| image               = HarryStGeorgeOrd-1877-1880.jpg
| imagesize           = 200
| caption             = In his official attire as Governor of Western Australia
| order               = 10th
| office              = Governor of Western Australia
| term_start          = 12 November 1877
| term_end            = 9 April 1880
| predecessor         = [[William Cleaver Francis Robinson|Sir William Robinson]]
| successor           = Sir William Robinson
| order1              = 8th
| office1             = Governor of the Straits Settlements
| term_start1         = 16 March 1867
| term_end1           = 4 November 1873
| monarch1            = [[Queen Victoria]]
| 1blankname1         = [[Chief Secretary for Administration|Colonial Secretary]]
| 1namedata1          = [[Ronald MacPherson]]<br />[[James W.W. Birch]]
| predecessor1        = [[William Orfeur Cavenagh|Sir William Orfeur Cavenagh]]
| successor1          = [[Andrew Clarke (British Army officer, born 1824)|Sir Andrew Clarke]]
| order2              = [[Governor of Bermuda]]
| term_start2         = 1861
| term_end2           = 1864
| predecessor2        = [[Freeman Murray]]
| successor2          = William Munroe
| birth_date          = {{birth date|1819|6|17|df=y}}
| birth_place         = [[North Cray]], [[Kent]], England
| death_date          = {{death date and age|1885|08|20|1819|6|17|df=y}}
| death_place         = [[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe|Homburg]], Germany
| death_cause         = Heart attack
| resting_place       = [[Fornham St Martin]]
| spouse              = {{marriage|Julia Graham|1846}}
| father              = Henry Gough Ord
| mother              = Louisa Latham
| relations           = [[Craven Ord]] (paternal grandfather)
| children            = 3
| occupation          = Colonial administrator
}}

'''Sir Harry St. George Ord''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|GCMG|CB}} (17 June 1819 – 20 August 1885) was a British colonial administrator who served as Governor of Bermuda between 1861 and 1864, Governor of the Straits Settlements between 1867 and 1873, and Governor of Western Australia between 1877 and 1880.

==Education and career==
Ord was the son of Henry Gough Ord and grandson of [[Craven Ord]] (1756–1832) of Greenstead Hall, [[Essex]], a prominent antiquarian. He was educated at the [[Royal Military Academy, Woolwich|Royal Military Academy]] at [[Woolwich]], (1835–1837). He served in the [[Royal Engineers]], (1837–1856), principally in the [[West Indies]], West Africa, and the [[Battle of Bomarsund|Anglo-French expedition to the Baltic]] (1854), during the [[Crimean War]].

Ord later held many important colonial posts, including:
* [[Colonial Service#Ranks|Commissioner]] of the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (1855–1856)
* [[Military attaché|Commissioner]] at the Courts of [[Paris]] and [[The Hague]] (1856–1857)
* [[Governor of Dominica]] (1857–1861)
* [[Governor of Bermuda]] (1861–1864)
* Special Commissioner to [[British West Africa|West Africa]] (1864–1867)
* [[Governor of the Straits Settlements]] (1867–1873)
* [[Governor of Western Australia]] (1877–1880)

==Governor of Straits Settlements==
[[File:HarryStGeorgeOrd-1867-1873.jpg|thumb|left|150px|The official picture of Sir Harry Ord as the Governor of the Straits Settlements]]

Sir Harry Ord, whom the second [[Colonial Office]] appointed in 1867 as the [[Governor of the Straits Settlements]], was at first given no instructions regarding the Colony's relations with the [[Malay States]]. His appointment did not start well; he would arrive at the Settlements two weeks before his term began, and by the time he was inaugurated, had managed to offend almost everyone in the capital including Chief Justice Designate [[Peter Benson Maxwell]] with his crusty demeanor and insistence on being referred to as 'Excellency'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Heussler |first=Robert |title=British rule in Malaya: the Malayan civil service and its predecessors, 1867 - 1942 |date=1981 |publisher=Clio Press |isbn=978-0-903450-49-2 |location=Oxford |pages=5-6}}</ref> He was unpopular in the [[Straits Settlements]], but was an ambitious and energetic man, who was ready to do what he could to restore order and promote trade in the Peninsula. Conditions in [[British Malaya|Malaya]] at that time were extremely unsettled. Within months of his arrival, representatives of the leading firms had formed the Straits Settlement Association under the leadership of [[John Crawfurd]], which vigorously opposed any increase in government power and would bombard his administration with numerous petitions to the [[House of Lords]] criticising many of his policies.<ref name=":0" />

More pressing however were the numerous quarrels of the [[Ethnic Malays|Malays]], intensified by feuds between competing groups of Chinese miners, and the links of the Chinese with the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] settlements threatened to involve these too in the trouble. After some experience of negotiating with Malays and [[Thai people|Siamese]], Ord worked out a policy under which he proposed to share the supervision of the Peninsula between [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] and [[Siam]]. This policy was disapproved by the [[Colonial Office]], and Ord was directed to abstain from all interference in the affairs of the [[Malay States]]. 

==Life==
[[File:Sir_Harry_Ord.jpg|thumb|Harry Ord in 1869]]
Ord married Julia Graham of [[Exmouth]] daughter of Admiral James Carpenterin on 28 June 1846 by whom he had three sons.<ref name=wagovhse/> Sir Harry Ord died on 20 August 1885 from heart attack and was buried in the churchyard of St. Martin's parish church in [[Fornham St. Martin]], Suffolk, England. The village institute in Fornham was built in Ord's memory with funds donated by the [[Abu Bakar of Johor]].<ref name=intervention/>

The [[Ord River]] in the Kimberley region of Western Australia was named in his honour, as was [[Ord Street, Fremantle]].

==Awards==
*[[K.C.M.G.]], 1877<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24464|page=3442|date=30 May 1877}}</ref>
*[[G.C.M.G.]], 1881<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24976|page=2675|date=24 May 1881}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist
|refs=
<ref name=intervention>{{cite book|last=Parkinson|first=C. Northcote|date=1960|title=British Intervention in Malaya 1867-1877|location=Singapore|publisher=University of Malaya Press|page=105}}</ref>
<ref name=wagovhse>{{cite web|url=https://govhouse.wa.gov.au/major-general-sir-harry-st-george-ord-re-kcmg-cb|title=1878–1880 Major-General Sir Harry St George Ord RE KCMG CB|publisher=Government House of Western Australia}}</ref>
}}

== Sources ==
* Colonial Office List, various list, DNB
* One Hundred Years of Singapore (1819)
* C.D. Cowan, Nineteenth Century Malaya: The Origins of British Political Control, (1961)

==External links==
*[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A050424b.htm Sir Harry Ord Biography from Australian Dictionary of Biography online]
*[http://www.ccentre.wa.gov.au/index.cfm?event=governorsHarryord Sir Harry Ord Biography from Constitutional Centre of WA online]See also

* [[s:The Petition of Chung Keng Quee & 44 Others|The Petition of Chung Keng Quee & 44 Others to Sir Harry Ord seeking government protection.]]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Governor of Bermuda]] |
before =[[Freeman Murray]] |
after = William Munroe |
years = 1861–1864}}
{{succession box |
title = [[Governor of Straits Settlements]] |
before =Sir [[William Orfeur Cavenagh]] |
after = Sir [[Andrew Clarke (British Army officer, born 1824)|Andrew Clarke]] |
years = 1867–1873}}
{{succession box | 
title = [[Governor of Western Australia]] | 
before = [[William Cleaver Francis Robinson|Sir William Robinson]] | 
after= [[William Cleaver Francis Robinson|Sir William Robinson]] | 
years= 1877–1880}}
{{s-end}}

{{Governors of Western Australia}}
{{Governors of Singapore}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ord, Harry St. George}}
[[Category:1819 births]]
[[Category:1885 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials in Suffolk]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich]]
[[Category:Royal Engineers officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of the Crimean War]]
[[Category:Governors of Western Australia]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Governors of the Straits Settlements]]
[[Category:Governors of Dominica]]
[[Category:Governors of Bermuda]]
[[Category:People from North Cray]]
[[Category:British Army major generals]]
[[Category:Colony of Western Australia people]]
[[Category:Administrators in British Singapore]]
[[Category:Military personnel from the London Borough of Bexley]]