Editing Hash browns

{{short description|Fried potato dish}}
{{about|the savory potato food|the cannabis-infused cake|Hash brownie}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Hash browns
| image = Mmm... sliders and deep fried hash browns (7958927842).jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = Shredded hash browns, pictured with [[Slider (sandwich)|slider sandwiches]]
| alternate_name = Hashed brown potatoes
| type = 
| course = Side dish
| country = United States
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| creator = 
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| maxtime = 
| served = 
| main_ingredient = [[Potato]]
| minor_ingredient = 
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| similar_dish = 
| cookbook =Hash Browns
| other = 
}}
'''Hash browns''', also spelled '''hashed browns''' and '''hashbrowns''', are a [[List of American breakfast foods|popular American breakfast food]] consisting of finely [[Julienning|julienned]] potatoes that have been fried until golden [[Food browning|brown]]. Hash browns are a staple breakfast item at [[diner]]s in North America,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ophdenver.com/breakfast-restaurants-hash-browns-vs-home-fries/ | title=Battle Breakfast Restaurants: Hash Browns vs Home Fries - OPH | date=21 July 2017 }}</ref> where they are often fried on a large, common cooktop or grill.

Hash browns are a popular [[mass production|mass-produced]] product sold in refrigerated, frozen<ref>{{cite book |last = Butts |first = L. |title = Okay, So Now You're a Vegetarian: Advice and 100 Recipes from One Vegetarian to Another |publisher = Broadway Books |year = 2000 |isbn = 978-0-7679-0527-5 |url = https://archive.org/details/oksonowyourevege00laur |url-access = registration |access-date = January 5, 2017 |page = [https://archive.org/details/oksonowyourevege00laur/page/64 64] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1 = Snider |first1 = N. |last2 = Boisvert |first2 = C. |title = Frozen Food Encyclopedia for Foodservice: Formerly Frozen Food Institutional Encyclopedia |publisher = National Frozen Food Association |year = 1985 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RKFPAAAAMAAJ |access-date = January 5, 2017 |page = 114 |quote = Frozen hash browns are scored on color, defects, texture; grading also is based on flavor and odor. }}</ref> and dehydrated forms.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Maji|first=Nebadita|date=2021-12-15|title=Are Hash Browns Healthy?|url=https://easychoicehealthplans.com/are-hash-browns-healthy/|access-date=2021-12-15|website=EasyChoiceHealthPlans|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Etymology ==
The word ''hash'' is derived from the [[French language|French]] word {{lang|fr|hacher}}, which means 'to hack' or 'to chop'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=hash|title=Hash |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |language=en|access-date=2017-05-25}}</ref> In other words, hashed brown potatoes can be interpreted literally as "chopped and fried potatoes".{{Cn|date=August 2022}}

== History ==
The following recipe for "brown hashed potatoes" appears in the 1835 edition of the ''Minnesota Farmers' Institute Annual'':<ref name="min-farmers">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mTsZAQAAIAAJ |title=Minnesota Farmers' Institute Annual |date=1835 |pages=270 |language=en}} Cited by [http://www.theoldfoodie.com/2012/06/incomplete-history-of-hash-browns.html ''The Old Foodie''], whose article is cited by [https://www.tastingtable.com/1170875/the-hazy-origin-of-hash-browns/ ''TastingTable''].</ref>

{{Blockquote
|text=Chop cold boiled potatoes and season with [[salt]] and [[Black pepper|pepper]]. Put some [[clarified butter]] into the frying pan. Add the potatoes, cover and cook slowly until the potatoes are nicely browned on the underside. Fold and turn out on a warm platter.
}}

Hash browns first started appearing on breakfast menus in New York City in the 1890s. The name was gradually changed to "hash-brown potatoes".<ref>{{cite book |title = American Language Supplement 2 |first = H. L. |last=Mencken |author-link=H. L. Mencken |publisher = Knopf Doubleday |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=G-WrlQMn8OYC&q=hash+brown+potatoes+H+L+Mencken&pg=PT709 |date = 2012 |isbn = 978-0-307-81344-2 |access-date = December 2, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=https://www.tastingtable.com/1170875/the-hazy-origin-of-hash-browns/ | title=The Hazy Origin of Hash Browns | date=22 January 2023 }}</ref>

== Preparation ==
[[File: Matteos Sandwich Bar, Fitzrovia, London (8025911425).jpg|thumb|Hash browns are often served as part of an [[Full breakfast#England|English breakfast]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-07 |title=Let’s hash out what belongs in a full English breakfast |url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2023/apr/07/lets-hash-out-what-belongs-in-a-full-english-breakfast |access-date=2025-02-23 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>]]
A chef may prepare hash browns by either grating potato or forming riced potatoes into [[Patty|patties]] before frying with onions (moisture and potato [[starch]] can hold them together); however, if a binding agent is added (egg or flour for example), such a preparation constitutes a [[potato pancake]].{{Cn|date=August 2022}} 

Hash browns are sometimes made into patty form and frozen for ease of handling, and the compact, flat shape can also be cooked in a [[Toaster#Toaster oven|toaster oven]] or toaster. For best results, in both cooking and flavor, it is recommended that hash browns be made using starchy potatoes such as [[russet potato]]es.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=전|first=수미|title=감자|date=2004-09-17|publisher=김영사 |isbn=9788934915904}}</ref> If a dish of hash browned potatoes incorporates chopped [[meat]], leftovers, or other [[vegetable]]s, it is commonly referred to as ''[[Hash (food)|hash]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://recipes.net/articles/what-is-hash-food/ | title=What is Hash Food | date=13 February 2024 }}</ref>

Hash browns are also manufactured as a [[Food drying|dehydrated food]], which is sometimes used by [[Backpacking (travel)|backpackers]].<ref name="Miller 1998">{{cite book |last = Miller |first = D. |title = Backcountry Cooking: From Pack to Plate in 10 Minutes |publisher = Mountaineers Books |year = 1998 |isbn = 978-1-59485-292-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pzUVCgAAQBAJ |access-date = January 5, 2017 }}</ref>

In the United States, ''hash browns'' may refer to shredded, pan-fried potatoes or diced/cubed potatoes, the latter also being known as [[country fried potatoes]] or [[home fries]].<ref name="auto"/> Some recipes add diced or chopped onions, and when bell peppers  are added to cubed home fries the dish is known as [[Potatoes O'Brien]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Spieler |first1=M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dbMY8PQrUYC&pg=PA24 |title=Yummy Potatoes: 65 Downright Delicious Recipes |last2=Giblin |first2=S. |publisher=Chronicle Books LLC |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4521-2528-2 |page=24 |access-date=January 5, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afamilyfeast.com/potatoes-obrien/ | title=Potatoes O'Brien | date=11 May 2022 }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Potato pancake]]
* [[Boxty]]
* [[Bubble and squeak]]
* [[Croquette]]
* ''[[Perkedel]]''
* [[Fried potatoes]]
* [[Home fries]]
* [[Potato waffle]]
* [[Rösti]]
* [[Tater tots]]
* [[Funeral potatoes]]
* [[Latke|Latkes]]
* [[Aloo tikki]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{Wiktionary}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071202102027/http://www.ams.usda.gov/standards/fzpothab.pdf United States Standards for Grades of Frozen Hash Brown Potatoes] (PDF)

{{Potato dishes}}
{{Subject bar |portal1=Food |commons=yes |commons-search=Category:Hash browns |b=yes |b-search=Cookbook:Hash Browns |d=yes |d-search=Q1710389}}
[[Category:Deep fried foods]]
[[Category:Fried potato]]
[[Category:Potato pancakes]]