Editing Heinrich Scheidemann

{{Short description|German composer}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=July 2022}}

[[File:Heinrich Scheidemann.jpg|thumb|Heinrich Scheidemann]]
'''Heinrich Scheidemann''' (ca. 1595 &ndash; 1663) was a German [[organ (music)|organist]] and composer.  He was the best-known composer for the organ in north Germany in the early to mid-17th century, and was an important forerunner of [[Dieterich Buxtehude]] and [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J.S. Bach]].

==Life==
He was born in [[Wöhrden]] in [[Holstein]].  His father was an organist in both Wöhrden and Hamburg, and probably Scheidemann received some early instruction from him.  Scheidemann studied with [[Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck|Sweelinck]] in [[Amsterdam]] from 1611 to 1614, and evidently was one of his favorite pupils, since Sweelinck dedicated a [[Canon (music)|canon]] to him, prior to Scheidemann's return to Germany. By 1629, and possibly earlier, Scheidemann was in Hamburg as organist at the [[St. Catherine's Church, Hamburg|Catharinenkirche]], a position which he held for more than thirty years, until his death in Hamburg in early 1663 during an outbreak of the plague.

==Music and influence==
{{listen
 | filename     = Scheidemann D minor Preambulum 1.ogg
 | title        = Preambulum No. 3 in D Minor
 | description  = Performed on the Taylor and Boody organ at Marquand Chapel, [[Yale University]]
 | format       = [[ogg]]
 | filename2    = Scheidemann D minor Preambulum (longer).ogg
 | title2       = Preambulum No. 7 in D Minor
 | description2 = Performed on the Taylor and Boody organ at Marquand Chapel, Yale University
 | format2      = [[ogg]]
 | filename3    = Scheidemann Preambulum 14.ogg
 | title3       = Preambulum No. 14 in G Minor
 | description3 = Performed on the Taylor and Boody organ at Marquand Chapel, Yale University
 | format3      = [[ogg]]
}}
Scheidemann was renowned as an organist and composer, as evidenced by the wide distribution of his works; more organ music by Scheidemann survives than by any other composer of the time.  Unlike the other early [[Baroque music|Baroque]] German composers, such as [[Michael Praetorius|Praetorius]], [[Heinrich Schütz|Schütz]], [[Samuel Scheidt|Scheidt]], and [[Johann Hermann Schein|Schein]], each of whom wrote in most of the current genres and styles, Scheidemann wrote almost entirely organ music.  A few [[songs]] survive, as well as some [[harpsichord]] pieces, but they are dwarfed by the dozens of organ pieces, many in multiple movements.

Scheidemann's lasting contribution to the organ literature, and to Baroque music in general, was in his settings of [[Lutheran chorale]]s, which were of three general types: [[cantus firmus]] chorale arrangements, which were an early type of [[chorale prelude]]; "[[monody|monodic]]" chorale arrangements, which imitated the current style of monody&mdash;a vocal solo over [[basso continuo]]&mdash;but for solo organ; and elaborate [[chorale fantasia]]s, which were a new invention, founded on the keyboard style of Sweelinck but using the full resources of the developing German Baroque organ.  In addition to his chorale arrangements, he also wrote important arrangements of the [[Magnificat]], which are not only in multiple parts but are in [[cyclic form]] towards liturgical use in alternation with the choir during the so-called [[Vespers]], a technique in multiple-movement musical construction which was not to return with vigor until the 19th century. Among his students were [[Johann Adam Reincken]], his successor at the St. Catharine Church in Hamburg, and (possibly) [[Dieterich Buxtehude]]. {{See LMST|Heinrich|Scheidemann}}

==Discography==
*The Organ Works of Heinrich Scheidemann. Vol. 1. Calcante Recordings. CAL-023. 1999. 2 CD ([[Cleveland Johnson]] and Claudia Heberlein Johnson in [[Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Stade|Stade/St. Cosmae]], [[Tangermünde]], and [[Wellesley College|Wellesley]])
*The Organ Works of Heinrich Scheidemann. Vol. 2. Calcante Recordings. CAL-024. 1999. 2 CD ([[Cleveland Johnson]] and Claudia Heberlein Johnson in [[Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Stade|Stade/St. Cosmae]], [[Tangermünde]], and [[Wellesley College|Wellesley]])
*The Organ Works of Heinrich Scheidemann. Vol. 3. Calcante Recordings. CAL-025. 2003. 2 CD ([[Cleveland Johnson]] and Claudia Heberlein Johnson in [[Church of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Stade|Stade/St. Cosmae]], [[Tangermünde]], and [[Wellesley College|Wellesley]])
*The Art of Heinrich Scheidemann, [[William Dongois]] & Le Concert Brisé. [[Accent Records]] 2016. [[ASIN]] B01C9P355K

==References and further reading==
*Article "Heinrich Scheidemann, in ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', ed. Stanley Sadie.  20 vol.  London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.  {{ISBN|1-56159-174-2}}
*[[Manfred Bukofzer]], ''Music in the Baroque Era''.  New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1947.  {{ISBN|0-393-09745-5}}
*Pieter Dirksen, ''Heinrich Scheidemann's Keyboard Music. Its Transmission, Style and Chronology'', Ashgate, Aldershot, 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-7546-5441-4}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{IMSLP|id=Scheidemann, Heinrich}} 
*[http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=ScheidemannH Scores and MIDI files by Scheidemann] at the [[Mutopia Project]]

{{Lutheran hymnody}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Scheidemann, Heinrich}}
[[Category:1590s births]]
[[Category:1663 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:German Baroque composers]]
[[Category:German male classical composers]]
[[Category:German classical organists]]
[[Category:Organists and composers in the North German tradition]]
[[Category:Pupils of Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck]]
[[Category:17th-century German male musicians]]
[[Category:German male classical organists]]