Editing Heinz Leymann

{{Short description|Swedish psychologist}}
'''Heinz Leymann''' (17 July 1932 &ndash; 26 January 1999)  was a [[Sweden|Swedish]] academic, famous for his studies on [[mobbing#Mobbing as human bullying behaviour|mobbing]] among humans. He held a degree in [[pedagogical psychology]], and another one in [[psychiatry]] and worked as a psychologist. He was a professor at [[Umeå University]].

== Academic background ==
Born in 1932 in [[Wolfenbüttel]], [[Germany]], Leymann, became a Swedish citizen in the mid-1950s, and was awarded his [[PhD]] in pedagogical psychology from [[Stockholm University]] in 1978.<ref>Leymann, Heinz, ''Kan arbetslivet demokratiseras?: om vikten av att se demokratiseringen som en inlärningsprocess = [Is democracy on the job possible?] : [the significance of the learning process underlying democratic participation]'', Pedagogiska inst., Stockholms univ., Diss. Stockholm : Univ., Stockholm, 1978 - [http://libris.kb.se/bib/7608100 LIBRIS record]</ref> He then went on to get another research doctorate (''doktor i medicinsk vetenskap'', "doctor of medical science," typically translated into English as PhD) in psychiatry in 1990 from [[Umeå University]].<ref>Leymann, Heinz, ''Psychological reactions to violence in working life: bank robberies'', Umeå, 1990 (Umeå University medical dissertations, 0346-6612; N.S., 289) - [http://libris.kb.se/bib/1014154 LIBRIS record]</ref> Somewhat unusually, his doctorate in psychiatry was based on his clinical background as a psychologist; he did not go through medical training.<ref>[http://www.leymann.se/English/frame.html The Mobbing Encyclopaedia: A presentation of Professor Heinz Leymann, PhD, MD sci] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927110132/http://leymann.se/English/frame.html |date=2013-09-27 }}, accessed 2010-06-07</ref>

== Leymann's work on mobbing ==
Leymann pioneered research into [[mobbing]] in the 1980s. His initial research in the area was based on detailed case studies of a number of nurses who had committed or tried to commit [[suicide]] due to events at the workplace.<ref>[[Maciej Zaremba]], [https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/fritt-fram-i-sverige-men-brottsligt-i-frankrike/ Fritt fram i Sverige. Men brottsligt i Frankrike], [[Dagens Nyheter]] 2010-06-03 {{in lang|sv}}</ref> He developed the [[Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror]] (LIPT), a questionnaire of 45 mobbing actions.

Although he preferred the term [[bullying]] in the context of school children, some have come to regard mobbing as a form of group bullying. As professor and practicing psychologist, Leymann also noted one of the side-effects of mobbing is [[post-traumatic stress disorder]] and is frequently misdiagnosed.

Among researchers who have built on Leymann's work are: 
* Davenport, Schwartz & Elliott<ref name="amwork">Davenport NZ, Schwartz RD & Elliott GP [http://www.mobbing-usa.com Mobbing, Emotional Abuse in the American Workplace], 3rd Edition 2005, Civil Society Publishing. Ames, IA,</ref>
* Hecker<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.acalib.2007.03.003|title=Workplace Mobbing: A Discussion for Librarians|year=2007|last1=Hecker|first1=Thomas E.|journal=The Journal of Academic Librarianship|volume=33|issue=4|pages=439–445}}</ref>
* Shallcross, Ramsay & Barker<ref>Shallcross L, Ramsay S & Barker M [http://www.workplacemobbing.com/Papers.html "Workplace Mobbing: Expulsion, Exclusion, and Transformation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081122000546/http://www.workplacemobbing.com/Papers.html |date=2008-11-22 }} (2008) (blind peer reviewed) Australia and New Zealand Academy of Management Conference (ANZAM)</ref>
* [[Kenneth Westhues|Westhues]]<ref>Westhues K [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=3838&pc=9 Eliminating Professors: A Guide to the Dismissal Process] . Lewiston, New York: [[Edwin Mellen Press]].<br />Westhues K [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6363&pc=9 The Envy of Excellence: Administrative Mobbing of High-Achieving Professors] Lewiston, New York: [[Edwin Mellen Press]].<br />Westhues K [http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~kwesthue/ohs-canada.htm "At the Mercy of the Mob"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926231316/http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~kwesthue/ohs-canada.htm |date=2011-09-26 }} OHS Canada, Canada's Occupational Health & Safety Magazine (18:8), pp. 30–36.</ref>
* Zapf & Einarsen<ref>Zapf D & Einarsen S 2005 "Mobbing at Work: Escalated Conflicts in Organizations." [[Counterproductive work behavior|Counterproductive Work Behavior]]: Investigations of Actors and Targets. Fox, Suzy & Spector, Paul E. Washington, DC: [[American Psychological Association]] vii. p.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror]]
* [[Workplace bullying]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Duffy, M., & Sperry, L. (2012). ''Mobbing:  Causes, Consequences, and Solutions''. New York:  Oxford University Press.

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061004041403/http://leymann.se/ The Mobbing Encyclopaedia] Website concerning Leymann's work on mobbing.
* [http://www.mobbingportal.com/leymannmain.html The Heinz Leymann Memorial Website] Website dedicated to the research of Dr. Heinz Leymann.

{{Bullying}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leymann, Heinz}}
[[Category:Academics and writers on bullying]]
[[Category:Workplace harassment and bullying]]
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Swedish psychologists]]
[[Category:Swedish psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Swedish people of German descent]]
[[Category:Stockholm University alumni]]
[[Category:Umeå University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Umeå University]]
[[Category:20th-century psychologists]]