Editing Hellevoetsluis

{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->| name                            = Hellevoetsluis
| settlement_type                 = [[Town]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline                   = Kade Hellevoetsluis.jpg
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = 
| image_flag                      = Flag of Hellevoetsluis.svg
| flag_size                       = 100x67px
| flag_alt                        = 
| image_shield                    = Hellevoetsluis wapen.svg
| shield_size                     = 100x80px
| shield_alt                      = <!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map                       = Map - NL - Municipality code 0530 (2009).svg
| map_alt                         = Highlighted position of Hellevoetsluis in a municipal map of South Holland
| map_caption                     = Location in South Holland
| coordinates                     = {{coord|51|49|N|4|8|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes           = 
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[South Holland]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Voorne aan Zee]]
<!-- Geographic information -->| unit_pref                       = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes                  = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2                  = {{Dutch municipality total area|Hellevoetsluis}}
| area_land_km2                   = {{Dutch municipality land area|Hellevoetsluis}}
| area_water_km2                  = {{Dutch municipality water area|Hellevoetsluis}}
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool 
 |title=Postcodetool for 3221AL 
 |language=nl 
 |work=Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland 
 |publisher=Het Waterschapshuis 
 |access-date=29 July 2013 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053543/http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool 
 |archive-date=21 September 2013 
}}</ref>
| elevation_m                     = 2
| elevation_max_footnotes         = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m                 = 
| elevation_min_footnotes         = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m                 = <!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes            = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref>
| population_total                = {{Dutch municipality population|Hellevoetsluis}}
| population_as_of                = {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}}
| population_density_km2          = {{Dutch municipality population density|Hellevoetsluis}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_demonym              = Hellevoeter
<!-- Other information -->| timezone1                       = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1                     = +1
| timezone1_DST                   = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST                 = +2
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code                     = 3220–3225
| area_code_type                  = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code                       = 0181
| website                         = {{URL|1=http://www.hellevoetsluis.nl}}
| footnotes                       = 
}}
[[Image:Hellevoetsluis-plaats-OpenTopo.jpg|275px|thumb|''Dutch Topographic map of Hellevoetsluis (town), Sept. 2014'']]
'''Hellevoetsluis''' ({{IPA|nl|ˌɦɛləvutˈslœys|-|Nl-Hellevoetsluis.ogg}}) is a town and former municipality in the west of [[Netherlands]]. It is located in [[Voorne-Putten]], [[South Holland]]. The former municipality covered an area of {{convert|{{Dutch municipality total area|Hellevoetsluis}}|km2|abbr=on}} of which {{convert|{{Dutch municipality water area|Hellevoetsluis}}|km2|abbr=on}} was water and it included the population centres of [[Nieuw-Helvoet]], [[Nieuwenhoorn]], and [[Oude en Nieuwe Struiten]], all former municipalities.

Hellevoetsluis is located on the [[Haringvliet]] with the sea, beach, and dunes close by, on the extreme southern edge of the [[South Holland#Subdivisions|Rijnmond]] and [[Europoort]] areas, close to the broad [[Zeeland]] landscape. The name translates as "[[lock (water transport)|lock]] at the foot of the Helle". The Helle was a small local river that disappeared over time.

On 1 January 2023, the municipality of Hellevoetsluis merged with [[Brielle]] and [[Westvoorne]] into the new municipality of [[Voorne aan Zee]].

==History==
The area has been settled since before Roman times and was concentrated around a body of water called the "Helle", which was later Latinized by the Romans to "''Helinium''" and "''Helius''". The name Hel(le) Voet, ''Helius' foot'' or "(land at) the lowest point of Helius", appears in documents from the 13th century and later, such as in 1395, when the Nieuw-Helvoet Polder is issued for inspection. This polder had a drainage sluice (Dutch: "''sluis''") in the southern dike: the ''Hellevoetse sluis''.

The history of Hellevoetsluis has always been connected with water. During the time of the [[Eighty Year's War]] and the forming of the [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]] Hellevoetsluis was the naval port of the [[Admiralty of Rotterdam|Admiralty of de Maze]] ([[Rotterdam]]) and could accommodate an entire fleet within a special land-enclosed [[fortification|fortress]] with [[harbour]] and [[dockyard]] facilities, accessible through a [[canal]]. Thanks to its strategic situation the town grew from the beginning of the 17th century to be the homeport for the Dutch war fleet. In later years the port was fortified more and more and Hellevoetsluis, therefore, became a unique combination of a fortified town and a naval port. The [[Admiral|Admirals]] [[Maarten Tromp]], [[Michiel de Ruyter]], and [[Piet Heyn]] had their home base here and in 1688 during the [[Glorious Revolution]] [[William III of England|William III of Orange]]'s invasion fleet departed from the port.

In the early 1700s the English painter John Thornhill lamented on how townspeople in ports took advantage of travellers who often had to wait for the weather to calm before a ship could sail. Hellevoetsluis was one of the ports mentioned in his journal in 1711:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weaver |first1=Leonard |title=Harwich-Hook |date=1974 |publisher=Lindel International |location=Sussex, England }}</ref>

''Gravesend, Dover, Deal and Harwich

''The devil gave his daughter in marriage''

''And further to fulfil his will''

''He threw in Helvoetsluice and Brill'''' 

[[File:Hellevoetsluis 1866.png|thumb|260px|left|Hellevoetsluis in 1866.]]
The [[Voorne Canal]] ''Kanaal door Voorne'' was built in 1830 from Hellevoetsluis to Nieuwesluis (near [[Heenvliet]]) and made Hellevoetsluis an outport of Rotterdam. It was a period when the town grew and flourished; the shipping industry provided prosperity. Its neighbourhood {{ill|Vlotbrug, Hellevoetsluis|lt=Vlotbrug|nl|Vlotbrug (Hellevoetsluis)}} may have been named after a [[vlotbrug]] constructed over the canal.

In the first half of the 20th century, however, Hellevoetsluis went into decline. Ocean-going ships became too large to use the canal and the [[Nieuwe Waterweg]] was dug, making the Canal through Voorne redundant. The naval base was relocated to [[Den Helder]] in the 1930s, the Government [[shipyard]] was closed, and during World War II the Germans destroyed three-quarters of all buildings in 1944. They also used the canal as a base for [[Biber (submarine)|Biber submarines]].<ref name=lp146>{{cite book |title=Weapons of Desperation German Frogmen and Midget Submarines of World war II |url=https://archive.org/details/weaponsdesperati00pate_929 |url-access=limited |last=Paterson |first=Lawrence |year=2006 |publisher=Chatham Publishing |isbn=978-1-86176-279-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/weaponsdesperati00pate_929/page/n89 146]}}</ref>

After World War II Hellevoetsluis grew considerably. As a [[New town#Netherlands|New Town]], the population doubled in the 1970s. Today 43,000 inhabitants live in modern houses with abundant green areas nearby. It is home to many commuters working in [[Europoort]] or [[Rotterdam]].

During the flood of 1953 Hellevoetsluis was inundated and after this flood, the Netherlands implemented the "Deltawerken", a vast plan that put in place sea-defenses such as dams to protect vulnerable Islands in the Meuse-Rhine river delta.

The town is home to several buildings from the 16th-19th Centuries that are listed monuments. Among these are the "Admiraliteitsgebouw" (currently used as town hall), the "de Hoop" windmill, Fort/Bastion Haerlem, "Droogdok Jan Blanken": a historic shipbuilding site and, the [[Water Tower Hellevoetsluis]], designed by architect N. Biezeveld and built in 1896.

==Facilities==
Hellevoetsluis has many shops: in addition to the various small (community) shopping centres, there is the covered [[shopping centre]] ''De Struytse Hoeck'', which has over 120 shops and is partly built over the Canal through Voorne. Education up to secondary school level, a library, community centres, health care, and modern facilities for water sport are all available. Following the construction of the Haringvliet locks, the [[Haringvliet]] is ideal water for surfing and sailing. There are also extensive mooring facilities. Close by are the beach and the dunes at Voorne, a nature reserve.

==Tourism==
[[File:Uitzicht vanaf brug op haven.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]
[[File:Uitzicht vanaf brug op haven2.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]

===Water sports===
Hellevoetsluis is one of the largest water sports centres in the country. There are 2,000 mooring places, spread over five harbours. With such a broad expanse of water as the Haringvliet and the [[North Sea]] close by, it is popular with water sports lovers and the Haringvliet is being used increasingly for national and international water sports events.

[[File:Bunkers vesting Hellevoetsluis.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]
[[File:Hellevoetsluis 006.jpg|thumb|200px|right]]

===Entertainment===
The old town centre, the fortress, has many terraces that look out upon the busy harbour and plenty of bars and restaurants serving 'international' food. There are also restaurants and bars outside the fortress. A petting zoo, a sailing school, a fitness centre, tennis courts, a sauna, etc., are nearby.

===Events===
In August the "Fortress Days" (Dutch: "''Vestingdagen''") are held. During the festivities which includes live music and a market, there are also displays of ships, aeroplane demonstrations, and a big firework display. However due to responsibility issues, the "Fortress Day" organization decided to no longer organize this event.<ref>{{Cite web| last = Berkelder| first = Nadia| title = Dit jaar geen Vestingdagen in Hellevoetsluis: 'Wij willen de verantwoording niet meer nemen'| work = [[Algemeen Dagblad]]| access-date = 2023-11-18| date = 2020-02-20| url = https://www.ad.nl/voorne-putten/dit-jaar-geen-vestingdagen-in-hellevoetsluis-wij-willen-de-verantwoording-niet-meer-nemen~aef6aec6/| language = nl}}</ref>

Every two years, the Dutch Classic Yacht Regatta is held in the harbour. A large number of classic, sharp [[yacht|yachts]] can be seen.

===Museums===
The town has well-preserved fortifications in the fortress. A walking tour leads to historical buildings such as the lighthouse, the Prinsehuis, Corn Mill ''[[De Hoop, Hellevoetsluis|De Hoop]]'', and several museums. The museum ''Gesigt van 't Dok'', situated at Oostzanddijk, contains a replica of the town, fortress, and naval shipyard as it was in 1834. This replica forms the heart of an exhibition on the development of Hellevoetsluis into a modern naval port at the beginning of the previous century.

The National Firefighting Museum, located in what used to be the Kuiperij and Grootmagazijn on Industriehaven, contains a rich collection ranging from the most primitive fire fighting equipment from centuries ago to the highly sophisticated equipment of today. Water buckets, fire hoses, water barrels, uniforms, hand- and [[steam engines]], and many other devices that mark a point in the history of fire fighting are represented.

In the ''Oudheidskamer'', also situated on the Industriehaven, there is a collection of items from the daily life of the past two centuries. It includes items that relate to the past of Hellevoetsluis as a naval port as well as agriculture-related articles.

[[Hellevoetsluis Dry Dock]] dates from 1806. It marks a revolutionary development in the history of shipbuilding and ship repair. The dry dock is still operational and has become a major historical and industrial/archaeological monument.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Netherlands}}

===Twin towns — Sister cities===
Hellevoetsluis is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with [[Torbay]], England because on 5 November 1688 a fleet of 463 ships with 14,000 men landed [[William III of Orange]] in [[Torbay]] having sailed from Hellevoetsluis to claim thrones of Great Britain, as part of the [[Glorious Revolution]]

== Born in Hellevoetsluis ==
[[File:Luitenant Dirk Klop (Venlo-incident 1939) (cropped).jpg|155px|thumb|Dirk Klop, 1939]]
* [[Jan Pieter Theodoor Huydecoper]] (1728 in Hellevoetsluis – 1767) an administrator of the [[Dutch West India Company]] and [[List of colonial governors of the Dutch Gold Coast|Director-General of the Dutch Gold Coast]] 1764 to 1767 
* [[Theodoor de Booy]] (1882 in Hellevoetsluis – 1919) a Dutch-born American archaeologist
* [[Jan Greshoff]] (1888 in Nieuw-Helvoet – 1971) a Dutch journalist, poet, and literary critic
* [[Dirk Klop]] (1906 in Nieuw-Helvoet – 1939) a Dutch Army intelligence officer, killed in the [[Venlo incident]]
* [[Adriaan Wesselink]] (1909 in Hellevoetsluis – 1995) a Dutch astronomer, specialising in [[variable stars]] 
* Anthony van Kampen (1911 in Hellevoetsluis - 1991) a Dutch writer <ref>[[:nl:Anthony van Kampen|Dutch Wiki, Anthony van Kampen]]</ref>
* Ellemieke Vermolen (born 1976 in Hellevoetsluis) a Dutch actress, model and presenter <ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0894452/   IMDb Database] retrieved 16 December 2019</ref><ref>[[:nl:Ellemieke Vermolen|Dutch Wiki, Ellemieke Vermolen]]</ref>
* [[Ronald Brouwer]] (born 1979 in Hellevoetsluis) a field hockey striker, team silver medallist at the [[2004 Summer Olympics]]
* Maarten Ketting (born 1983 in Hellevoetsluis) a soccer referee <ref>[[:nl:Maarten Ketting|Dutch Wiki, Maarten Ketting]]</ref>
* [[Duncan Laurence]] (born 1994) a Dutch singer-songwriter, grew up in Hellevoetsluis
* [[Jerdy Schouten]] (born 1997) professional footballer

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.hellevoetsluis.nl Official website]
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Hellevoetsluis|short=x}}

<!--Please note that not all directions need to be filled-->
<!--Please note that preferably only neighboring municipalities or bodies of water should be used-->
{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Hellevoetsluis
|North     = [[Brielle]]
|Northeast = 
|East      = [[Nissewaard]]
|Southeast = 
|South     = ''[[Haringvliet]]''<br>[[Goeree-Overflakkee]]
|Southwest = 
|West      = [[Westvoorne]]
}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Voorne aan Zee]]
[[Category:Cities in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of South Holland]]
[[Category:Populated places in South Holland]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2023]]