Editing Helmut Hasse

{{Short description|German mathematician (1898–1979)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Helmut Hasse
| image             = Helmut Hasse.jpg
| image_size        = 150px
| alt               =
| caption           =
| birth_date        = {{birth date|1898|08|25|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Kassel]], [[Hesse-Nassau]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[German Empire]]
| death_date        = {{death date and age|1979|12|26|1898|08|25|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Ahrensburg]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]], [[West Germany]]
| nationality       = German
| fields            = [[Mathematics]]
| workplaces        =
| thesis_title      = Über die Darstellbarkeit von Zahlen durch quadratische Formen im Körper der rationalen Zahlen
| thesis_url        = http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/index.php?id=11&PPN=GDZPPN002169037&IDDOC=261017&IDDOC=261017&branch=&L=1
| thesis_year       = 1922
| alma_mater        = [[University of Marburg]]<br>[[University of Göttingen]]
| doctoral_advisor  = [[Kurt Hensel]]
| doctoral_students = [[Cahit Arf]]<br>[[Wolfgang Franz (mathematician)|Wolfgang Franz]]<br>[[Hans-Wilhelm Knobloch]]<br>[[Paul Lorenzen]]<br>[[Curt Meyer]]<br>[[Peter Roquette]]<br>[[Otto Schilling]]<br>[[Oswald Teichmüller]]
| known_for         = [[Conductor-discriminant formula]] <br/> [[Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves]] <br/> [[Hasse–Schmidt derivation]]
| awards            =
}}

'''Helmut Hasse''' ({{IPA|de|ˈhasə|lang}}; 25 August 1898 – 26 December 1979) was a German [[mathematician]]<ref>{{mathgenealogy|id=34230}}</ref> working in [[algebraic number theory]], known for fundamental contributions to [[class field theory]], the application of [[p-adic number|''p''-adic number]]s to [[local class field theory]] and [[diophantine geometry]] ([[Hasse principle]]), and to [[local zeta function]]s.

==Life==

Hasse was born in [[Kassel]], [[Hesse-Nassau|Province of Hesse-Nassau]],<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?viewrecord=1&r=an&db=HessenBirths&indiv=try&h=234292 Hellmuth Haße in the Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901]; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Geburtenregister; Bestand: 910; Signatur: 910_5132; accessed 31 March 2018 Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Births, 1851-1901. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016.</ref> the son of Judge Paul Reinhard Hasse, also written Haße (12 April 1868 – 1 June 1940,<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=61119&h=1395245 Paul Reinhard Hasse in the Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958], Personenstandsregister Sterberegister; Bestand: 910; Signatur: 5683; Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Deaths, 1851-1958 paid subscription website. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016.</ref> son of Friedrich Ernst Hasse and his wife Anna Von Reinhard) and his wife Margarethe Louise Adolphine Quentin (born 5 July 1872 in [[Milwaukee]], daughter of retail toy merchant<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=1870usfedcen&indiv=try&h=14908802 1870 U.S. Federal Census: Adolph Quentin], accessed 31 March 2018, paid subscription ancestry.com website.</ref> Adolph Quentin (b. May 1832, probably [[Berlin]], [[Kingdom of Prussia]]) and Margarethe Wehr (b. about 1840, Prussia),<ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=61118&h=900841781 Margarethe Louise Adolphine Quentin in the Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930]; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv; Wiesbaden, Deutschland; Personenstandsregister Heiratsregister; Bestand: 910; Ancestry.com. Hesse, Germany, Marriages, 1849-1930. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2016.</ref> then raised in Kassel).<ref>Harold Edwards, Artikel Helmut Hasse in [[Dictionary of Scientific Biography]]</ref>

After serving in the [[Imperial German Navy]] in [[World War I]], he studied at the [[University of Göttingen]], and then at the [[University of Marburg]] under [[Kurt Hensel]], writing a dissertation in 1921 containing the [[Hasse–Minkowski theorem]], as it is now called, on [[quadratic form]]s over [[number field]]s. He then held positions at [[University of Kiel|Kiel]], [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Halle]] and [[University of Marburg|Marburg]]. He was [[Hermann Weyl]]'s replacement at Göttingen in 1934.

Hasse was an Invited Speaker of the [[International Congress of Mathematicians]] (ICM) in 1932 in [[Zürich]] and a Plenary Speaker of the ICM in 1936 in [[Oslo]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Hasse, H.|chapter=Über die riemannsche Vermutung in Funktionenkörpern|title=''In:'' Comptes rendus du Congrès international des mathématiciens: Oslo, 1936|volume=1|pages=189–206|year=1937}}</ref>

In 1933 Hasse had signed the ''[[Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State]]''.

Politically, he applied for membership in the Nazi Party in 1937, but this was denied to him allegedly due to his remote [[Jewish]] ancestry.<ref>[http://www.rzuser.uni-heidelberg.de/~ci3/Has-Men1.pdf Helmut Hasse und die Familie Mendelssohn], By Peter Roquette. The Nazi mathematician Prof. {{Interlanguage link multi|Erhard Tornier|de}} pointed out that Helmut Hasse had a Jewish great grandmother.</ref> After the war, he briefly returned to Göttingen in 1945, but was excluded by the British authorities. After brief appointments in Berlin, from 1948 on he settled permanently as professor at [[University of Hamburg]].

He collaborated with many mathematicians, in particular with [[Emmy Noether]] and [[Richard Brauer]] on [[simple algebra]]s, and with [[Harold Davenport]] on [[Gauss sum]]s ([[Hasse–Davenport relation]]s), and  with [[Cahit Arf]] on the [[Hasse–Arf theorem]].

==Publications==
*{{Citation
 | editor1-first=Heinrich-Wolfgang
 | editor1-last=Leopoldt
 | editor1-link=Heinrich-Wolfgang Leopoldt
 | editor2-first=Peter
 | editor2-last=Roquette
 | editor2-link=Peter Roquette
 | title=Helmut Hasse: Mathematische Abhandlungen
 | publisher=de Gruyter
 | year=1975
}} ''(3 vols.)''
* ''Number theory'', Springer, 1980, 2002 (Eng. trans. of ''Zahlentheorie'', 3rd edn., Akademie Verlag 1969)<ref name=Numbertheory>{{cite journal|author=Kaplansky, Irving|authorlink=Irving Kaplansky|title=Review: ''Number theory'', by Helmut Hasse|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.)|year=1981|volume=4|issue=2|pages=249–250|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1981-04-02/S0273-0979-1981-14899-0/|doi=10.1090/s0273-0979-1981-14899-0|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie'', Springer, 1950<ref name="Numbertheory"/>
* ''Über die Klassenzahl abelscher Zahlkörper'', Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1952.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Chevalley, C.|authorlink=Claude Chevalley|title=Review: ''Über die Klassenzahl abelscher Zahlkörper'', by Helmut Hasse|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1953|volume=59|issue=3|pages=281–282|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1953-59-03/S0002-9904-1953-09709-9/|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1953-09709-9|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''Höhere Algebra'' vols. 1, 2, Sammlung Göschen, 1967, 1969
* ''Vorlesungen über Klassenkörpertheorie'', physica Verlag, Würzburg 1967
*{{Citation | last1=Hasse | first1=H. | author1-link=Helmut Hasse | title=Bericht über neuere Untersuchungen und Probleme aus der Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper. I: Klassenkörpertheorie. | url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?GDZPPN002127768 | language=German | year=1926 | journal=[[Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung]]| volume=35 | pages=1–55}}
*{{Citation | last1=Hasse | first1=H. | author1-link=Helmut Hasse | title=Bericht über neuere Untersuchungen und Probleme aus der Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper. Teil Ia: Beweise zu I. | url=http://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?GDZPPN002128179 | language=German | year=1927 | journal=[[Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung]] | volume=36 | pages=233–311}}
*{{Citation | last1=Hasse | first1=H. | author1-link=Helmut Hasse | title=Bericht über neuere Untersuchungen und Probleme aus der Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper. Teil II: Reziprozitätsgesetz | language=German | year=1930 | journal=[[Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung]] | volume=Ergänzungsband 6}}
* ''Bericht über neuere Untersuchungen und Probleme aus der Theorie der algebraischen Zahlkörper'', 1965 (reprint from Berichts aus dem Jahresbericht der DMV 1926/27)
* New edn. of  ''Algebraische Theorie der Körper''  by Ernst Steinitz, together with Reinhold Baer, with a new appendix on Galois theory. Walter de Gruyter 1930.
*Hasse ''Mathematik als Wissenschaft, Kunst und Macht'', DMV Mitteilungen 1997, Nr.4 (Published version of a lecture given at the University of Hamburg 1959)
*[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=248277 Hasse „Geschichte der Klassenkörpertheorie“, Jahresbericht DMV 1966]
*[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=248601 Hasse „Die moderne algebraische Methode“, Jahresbericht DMV 1930]
*[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=260847 Brauer, Hasse, Noether „Beweis eines Hauptsatzes in der Theorie der Algebren“, Journal reine angew.Math. 1932]
*[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=255900 Hasse „Theorie der abstrakten elliptischen Funktionenkörper 3- Riemann Vermutung“, Journal reine angew. Math., 1936]
*[http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/no_cache/dms/load/img/?IDDOC=261017 Hasse „Über die Darstellbarkeit von Zahlen durch quadratische Formen im Körper der rationalen Zahlen“, Journal reine angew.Math. 1923]

==See also==
*[[Hasse diagram]]
*[[Hasse invariant of an algebra]]
*[[Hasse invariant of an elliptic curve]]
*[[Hasse invariant of a quadratic form]]
*[[Artin–Hasse exponential]]
*[[Hasse–Weil L-function]]
*[[Hasse norm theorem]]
*[[Hasse's algorithm]]
*[[Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves]]
*[[Hasse–Witt matrix]]
*[[Albert–Brauer–Hasse–Noether theorem]]
*[[Dedekind–Hasse norm]]
*[[Collatz conjecture]]
*[[Local class field theory]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Helmut Hasse (mathematician)}}
*{{MacTutor Biography|id=Hasse}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070222065327/http://www.butx.com/halfon/hasse2_e.htm Another biography]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hasse, Helmut}}
[[Category:Nazi Party members]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1979 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Kassel]]
[[Category:People from Hesse-Nassau]]
[[Category:German number theorists]]
[[Category:20th-century German mathematicians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Marburg]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kiel]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Hamburg]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen]]
[[Category:University of Göttingen alumni]]
[[Category:University of Marburg alumni]]
[[Category:German people of Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Imperial German Navy personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cothenius Medal]]