Editing Helper, Utah

{{short description|City in Utah, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Helper, Utah
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = File:Helperseptember2023.jpg
| imagesize          = 280px
| image_caption      = North along Main Street, September 2023
| image_map          = Carbon County Utah incorporated and unincorporated areas Helper highlighted.svg
| map_caption        = Location within [[Carbon County, Utah|Carbon County]] and the [[Utah|State of Utah]]
| image_map1         = Map of USA UT.svg
| map_caption1       = Location of Utah in the United States
<!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Utah]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[County (United States)|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Carbon County, Utah|Carbon]]
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
| established_title  = Settled
| established_date   = [[Wiktionary:circa|c.]] 1881
| founder            = [[Teancum Pratt]]
| named_for          = [[Helper engine]]s
| established_title1 = [[Incorporated town|Incorporated]]
| established_date1  = 1907
| established_title2 = Became a city
| established_date2  = October 9, 1915
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_49.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 4.68
| area_land_km2      = 4.68
| area_water_km2     = 0.00
| area_total_sq_mi   = 1.81
| area_land_sq_mi    = 1.81
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.00
<!-- Population -->
| population_as_of   = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 2201
| population_density_km2 = 449.87
| population_density_sq_mi = 1164.91
<!-- General information -->
| timezone           = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
| utc_offset         = -7
| timezone_DST       = MDT
| utc_offset_DST     = -6
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 5909
| coordinates        = {{coord|39|41|15|N|110|51|54|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = 84526
| area_code          = [[Area code 435|435]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 49-34530<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2410737<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410737}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|http://www.helpercity.net}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Helper''' is a city in [[Carbon County, Utah|Carbon County]], [[Utah]], United States, approximately {{convert|110|mi}} southeast of [[Salt Lake City]] and {{convert|7|mi|0}} northwest of the city of [[Price, Utah|Price]]. The population was 2,201 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].

The city is located along the [[Price River]] and [[U.S. Route 6 in Utah|U.S. Route 6]]/[[U.S. Route 191 in Utah|U.S. Route 191]], a shortcut between [[Provo, Utah|Provo]] and [[Interstate 70 in Utah|Interstate 70]], on the way from Salt Lake City to [[Grand Junction, Colorado]]. It is the location of the [[Western Mining and Railroad Museum]], a tourist attraction that also contains household and commercial artifacts illustrating late 19th and early 20th-century living conditions.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}. Helper is at the western end of the 250 mile long Book Cliffs Escarpment, the longest continuous escarpment in the world. The eastern end of the Book Cliffs Escarpment is by Grand Junction, Colorado. [https://www.britannica.com/place/Book-Cliffs].

==History==
[[File:Post office Helper Utah.jpeg|thumb|left|Helper's [[U.S. Post Office-Helper Main|post office]] is one of three sites listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Carbon County, Utah|National Register of Historic Places]]]]

With the arrival of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad (D&RGW) in 1881–82, Helper began to develop as a population center. By 1887 the D&RGW had erected some twenty-seven frame residences, with more built later in the year. The railroad planned to make Helper a freight terminal after the rail lines were changed from [[narrow-gauge railway|narrow]] to [[standard gauge]]. The changeover process began in 1889 and was completed in 1891. In 1892, Helper designated the division point between the eastern and western D&RGW terminals in Grand Junction, Colorado, and [[Ogden, Utah]], respectively, and a new [[Train station|depot]], hotel, and other buildings were constructed.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

On April 21, 1897, [[Butch Cassidy]] and [[Elzy Lay]] robbed the Pleasant Valley Coal Company in nearby [[Castle Gate, Utah|Castle Gate]]; they stayed in Helper the day before. It was said that Butch Cassidy later came back to Helper for occasional visits.<ref name="TWMag, p-40">''TWMag'', p-40,</ref>

Adjacent to Helper is [[Spring Glen, Utah|Spring Glen]]. It was first established in 1880, with Teancum Pratt being one of the first settlers. A [[Ward (LDS Church)|Branch]] of the [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] was organized there in 1885 with Francis Marion Ewell as president. It was made a ward in 1889. As of 1930, less than 20% of the population in Spring Glen were members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.<ref>Andrew Jenson, ''Encyclopedia History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints'', p. 827</ref>

Helper's growth proceeded in a slow but deliberate fashion bearing little resemblance to booming metal-mining towns. The first amenities offered to the few settlers and numerous railroad workers included three saloons, one grocery store, and one clothing establishment. A school was built in 1891. By 1895 the D&RGW buildings and shops at Helper were lighted by electricity, and two reservoirs for water had been constructed.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

[[File:"Big John" Helper Utah - panoramio.jpg |thumb|upright|"Big John" [[Muffler Men|Muffler Man]] in Helper, December 2010]]

Ethnic diversity was destined to become a chief characteristic of Helper. Industrial expansion, coal mining, and railroading required a great amount of unskilled labor. In 1894 the railroad's passenger department established an immigration bureau to advertise Utah Territory. This move coincided with the influx of numerous immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Asia.

Chinese laborers were brought in early to work the Carbon County mines and railroads. By the late 1890s, Italians and Austrians (primarily Slovenians, Croatians, and Serbians) began to arrive. In 1900 Helper's population was listed at 385 people. Sixteen different nationality groups were represented. "Merchant" and "laborer" comprised most of the occupations for these early immigrants.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

After the unsuccessful coal miners' strike of 1903–04, Italians, blacklisted from the mines at nearby Castle Gate, ventured into Helper to establish businesses and farms along the Price River. The influx of strikers into Helper accelerated its growth, with the newly established farms offering needed agricultural products.

[[File:Helper Vista.jpg|thumb|Helper from Reservoir St]]

The twentieth century was launched in Carbon County (which had been formed in 1894 from Emery County) in a shroud of uncertainty, largely due to the strike situation. Greek and Japanese immigrants were brought in to break the strike, and thus new ethnic groups came onto the scene. Helper, along with Price, was fast becoming the center of the Carbon County coalfields, providing service functions to the outlying camps. A 1903–04 business directory listed sixteen separate businesses in Helper; by 1912–13, the number had grown to twenty-nine, with a population of about 850. Helper townsite was regularly organized and incorporated in 1907 with a president of the town board and members of the board serving the community.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

By 1914–15 there were 71 businesses listed for Helper, with 84 in 1918–19 and 157 in 1924–25. Many of Helper's business enterprises were associated with specific ethnic groups, but this fact illustrated the business opportunities available in the town, enabling immigrants to "break the ranks of labor."{{citation needed|date=January 2023}} Italian and Chinese-owned businesses were joined in the 1910s and 1920s by Slavic, Greek, and Japanese establishments. Specialty shops, cafes, coffeehouses, saloons, theaters, general mercantile, and various service-oriented businesses formed Helper's commercial district. Some ventures, such as the Mutual Mercantile Company, were joint operations between ethnic groups.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Ethnic identities, inter- and intra-group rivalries, new waves of immigration, and Helper's position as a neutral ground for labor influenced the town's social landscape. Helper became known as the area "hub" because it was nestled among various mining camps, and it served as a city of refuge where strikers and union organizers, as well as national guardsmen, could congregate during tense times. Customs and lifestyles associated with various ethnic groups continued; however, through interaction, many eventually were changed and modified in the Helper environment.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

While the Great Depression hit the entire county, Helper's position as a railroad center provided some stability. Helper's city hall was built in 1927, and a civic auditorium was constructed in 1936. The D&RGW developed "bridge traffic," acquiring trade from other major roads that wanted transcontinental connections.

Coal production increased during World War II and continued strong through the 1960s, with significant periods of uncertainty and temporary decline. Not all of the communities surrounding Helper were able to weather these difficult periods of economic instability, and the town is within a few miles of a large number of former coal mining settlements that were abandoned between the 1930s and 1970s and are now [[ghost towns]]. These towns include [[Castle Gate, Utah|Castle Gate]], [[Coal City, Utah|Coal City]], [[Consumers, Utah|Consumers]], [[National, Utah|National]], [[Peerless, Utah|Peerless]], [[Rains, Utah|Rains]], [[Royal, Utah|Royal]], and [[Standardville, Utah|Standardville]], as well as Mutual.

Helper was named the top western town for 2006 by the ''[[True West Magazine]]'', in the January/February 2007 issue.<ref name="TWMag, p-40"/>

===Power plant closure===
The approach of the compliance date of April 16, 2015, for enhanced EPA controls on the emission of [[Mercury (element)|mercury]] resulted in a decision by Rocky Mountain Power, a subsidiary of [[PacifiCorp]], to close down the Carbon power plant in Helper on April 15, 2015. It had been in operation since 1954.<ref name=Deseret41415>{{cite news|author1=Amy Joi O'Donoghue|title=End of an era: Mercury rule shutters Utah's oldest power plant|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865626442/End-of-an-era-Mercury-rule-shutters-Utahs-oldest-power-plant.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416011330/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865626442/End-of-an-era-Mercury-rule-shutters-Utahs-oldest-power-plant.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 16, 2015|access-date=April 15, 2015|work=Deseret News|date=April 15, 2015|quote=many '50s-era plants would be forced to retire in lieu of costly capital investments.}}</ref>

===Name===
Helper is situated at the mouth of Price Canyon, alongside the [[Price River]], on the eastern side of the [[Wasatch Plateau]] in Central Utah. Trains traveling westward from the [[Price, Utah|Price]] side to the [[Salt Lake City]] side of the plateau required additional "[[Bank engine|helper]]" engines in order to make the steep (2.4% [[Grade (slope)|grade]]) {{convert|15|mi|adj=on}} climb up Price Canyon to the town of [[Soldier Summit, Utah|Soldier Summit]]. The town was named after these helper engines,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine, Volumes 9–10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L7M3AQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA187|year=1918|page=187}}</ref> which the [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]] stationed in the city.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.8|mi2|km2}}, all land, along the [[Price River]].

===Climate===
Helper has a hot-summer [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfa'').

{{Weather box
|location = Helper, Utah
|single line = Y
|collapsed = yes
|Jan record high F =  57
|Feb record high F =  64
|Mar record high F =  80
|Apr record high F =  80
|May record high F = 93
|Jun record high F = 98
|Jul record high F = 105
|Aug record high F = 102
|Sep record high F =  90
|Oct record high F =  86
|Nov record high F =  78
|Dec record high F =  55
|year record high F =105
|Jan high F = 36
|Feb high F = 41
|Mar high F = 50
|Apr high F = 58
|May high F = 69
|Jun high F = 80
|Jul high F = 87
|Aug high F = 84
|Sep high F = 74
|Oct high F = 60
|Nov high F = 46
|Dec high F = 36
|year high F = 60
|Jan low F = 18
|Feb low F = 21
|Mar low F = 29
|Apr low F = 34
|May low F = 42
|Jun low F = 52
|Jul low F = 58
|Aug low F = 57
|Sep low F = 48
|Oct low F = 37
|Nov low F = 26
|Dec low F = 18
|year low F = 37
|Jan record low F = -9
|Feb record low F = -9
|Mar record low F = 2
|Apr record low F = 11
|May record low F = 20
|Jun record low F = 29
|Jul record low F = 36
|Aug record low F = 35
|Sep record low F = 26
|Oct record low F = 12
|Nov record low F = 0
|Dec record low F = -14
|year record low F = -14
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain inch = 1.03
|Feb rain inch = 1.09
|Mar rain inch = 0.96
|Apr rain inch = 1.24
|May rain inch = 1.25
|Jun rain inch = 1.03
|Jul rain inch = 1.22
|Aug rain inch = 1.27
|Sep rain inch = 1.89
|Oct rain inch = 1.70
|Nov rain inch = 0.67
|Dec rain inch = 0.81
|source 1 = Weather.com<ref name= weather.com>{{Cite web |url= https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/34b1b3573e09bccdb9bffc4ff76042fb5acad8ad82251840615779dbfa345d3f|title= weather.com|access-date=March 3, 2020 }}</ref>
|date=March 2020
}}

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1900= 402
|1910= 905
|1920= 1606
|1930= 2707
|1940= 2843
|1950= 2850
|1960= 2459
|1970= 1964
|1980= 2724
|1990= 2148
|2000= 2025
|2010= 2201
|estyear=2019
|estimate=2105
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[U.S. Census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 2,025 people, 814 households, and 559 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1,132.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 925 housing units at an average density of {{convert|517.4|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the city was 92.59% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.44% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.58% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.25% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.10% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.90% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.14% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 11.31% of the population.

There were 814 households, out of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.3% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44, and the average family size was 2.97.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.5% under 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 26.1% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.4% aged 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 93.8 males.
[[File:Snowy Helper.jpg|thumb|Helper after a snowstorm, February 2023]]

The median income for a household in the city was $30,052, and the median income for a family was $37,266. Males had a median income of $32,708 versus $22,500 for females. The [[per capita income]] was $15,762. About 11.1% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
Helper has two schools that belong to the Carbon School District (Carbon County, Utah). Located in western Helper is its lone elementary school, Sally Mauro Elementary, and located about a half mile east of the elementary school is Helper Middle School.

==Transportation==
[[Amtrak]] (the National Passenger Rail Corporation) provides service to [[Helper station]], operating its ''[[California Zephyr]]'' daily in both directions between [[Chicago]] and [[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]], [[California]], across the bay from [[San Francisco]]. The now-defunct ''[[Rio Grande Zephyr]]'' also stopped at Helper. It also lies along [[U.S. Route 6]]/[[U.S. Route 191|191]], which split just north of the city – U.S. 191 heads northeast to [[Duchesne, Utah|Duchesne]], while U.S. 6 heads northwest to [[Spanish Fork, Utah|Spanish Fork]]. Both continue together southeast to [[Interstate 70 in Utah|I-70]] just west of [[Green River, Utah|Green River]].

==Notable people==
* [[Tom M. Apostol]], mathematician born in Helper
* [[Pat Boyack]], musician, grew up in Helper
* [[Jay Lambert]], Olympic boxer, born in Helper
* [[Helen Z. Papanikolas]], historian and writer, grew up in Helper

==See also==
{{portal|Utah}}
* [[Helper Historic District]]
* [[List of cities and towns in Utah]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* (1994) [https://web.archive.org/web/20231128110359/https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/h/HELPER.shtml "Helper"] article in the [https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/ ''Utah History Encyclopedia.''] The article was written by Philip F. Notarianni and the Encyclopedia was published by the University of Utah Press. ISBN 9780874804256. Archived from [https://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/h/HELPER.shtml the original] on November 28, 2023 and retrieved on May 8, 2024.

==External links==
{{commons category|Helper, Utah}}
* {{official website}}

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Helper
|North     = [[Tabiona, Utah|Tabiona]]<br>[[Royal, Utah|Royal]], [[Castle Gate, Utah|Castle Gate]]
|Northeast = [[Duchesne, Utah|Duchesne]]<br>[[Kenilworth, Utah|Kenilworth]]
|East      = ''[[Green River (Colorado River)|Green River]]''
|Southeast = [[Harper, Utah|Harper]] <br> [[Kiz, Utah|Kiz]]<br> [[East Carbon-Sunnyside, Utah|East Carbon-Sunnyside]]
|South     = [[Price, Utah|Price]]<br/>[[Huntington, Utah|Huntington]], [[Cleveland, Utah|Cleveland]]
|Southwest = [[Mount Pleasant, Utah|Mount Pleasant]]
|West      = [[Rains, Utah|Rains]], [[Standardville, Utah|Standardville]]<br>[[Consumers, Utah|Consumers]], [[Peerless, Utah|Peerless]]<br>[[Clear Creek, Utah|Clear Creek]], [[National, Utah|National]]<br>[[Coal City, Utah|Coal City]]
|Northwest = [[Independence, Utah|Independence]] / ''[[Strawberry Reservoir]]''<br>[[Winter Quarters, Utah|Winter Quarters]], [[Scofield, Utah|Scofield]]
}}

{{Carbon County, Utah}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Carbon County, Utah]]
[[Category:Cities in Utah]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1881]]
[[Category:Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Utah]]
[[Category:1881 establishments in Utah Territory]]