Editing Hillside Strangler

{{short description|Media epithet for American serial killers}}
{{For|the interchange in the Chicago suburbs|Interstate 290 (Illinois)}}
{{Infobox serial killer
| name        = The Hillside Stranglers 
| image       =
| image_size  = 250px
| caption     = Bianchi <small>(left)</small> and Buono <small>(right)</small> in court
| birth_name  = [[Kenneth Bianchi|Kenneth Alessio Bianchi]]<br />[[Angelo Buono Jr.]] 
| birth_date  = '''Bianchi:''' {{Birth date and age|1951|5|22}}<br />'''Buono:''' {{Birth date|1934|10|5}}
| death_date  = '''Buono:'''<br />{{Death date and age|2002|9|21|1934|10|5}}
| victims     = 10 killed as a duo, 2 by Bianchi alone
| country     = United States
| beginyear   = October 16, 1977
| endyear     = <br>February 16, 1978
| apprehended = '''Bianchi:''' {{start date and age|1979|01|12}}<br />'''Buono:''' {{start date and age|1979|10|22}}
| conviction  = Murder
| sentence    = [[Life imprisonment]] (without parole) (Buono)<br />[[Life imprisonment]] (Bianchi)
| nocat_wdimage = yes
}}
The '''Hillside Strangler''', later the '''Hillside Stranglers''', is the media epithet for one, later discovered to be two, American [[serial killers]] who terrorized [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], between October 1977 and February 1978, with the nicknames originating from the fact that many of the victims' bodies were discovered in the hills surrounding the city.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-03 |title=How the Hillside Strangler case helped make L.A. 'serial killer capital of America' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/tv/story/2022-08-02/hillside-strangler-devil-in-disguise-peacock |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

One unusual twist to the investigation was the arrival in L.A. of a psychic from [[Berlin]]. Detective Bob Grogan was polite, but unenthusiastic, when the psychic wrote in [[German language|German]] that they should be looking for {{em|(a)}}{{nbs}}two [[Italians]], who were {{em|(b)}}{{nbs}}brothers, and {{em|(c)}}{{nbs}}aged about thirty-five. Yet this assessment proved to be a very good, if imperfect, guess.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=Buono and Bianchi, the Hillside Stranglers - A Co-Operative Effort |url=https://www.crimelibrary.org/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/7.html |access-date=2024-05-02 |website=www.crimelibrary.org}}</ref> It was initially believed that only one person was responsible for the killings. The police, however, determined from the positions of the bodies that two criminals were working together, but withheld that information from the press. The perpetrators were eventually discovered to be cousins [[Kenneth Bianchi]] and [[Angelo Buono Jr.]], who were later convicted of [[kidnap]]ping, [[rape|raping]], [[torture|torturing]] and [[murder]]ing 10 women and girls ranging in age from 12 to 28.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 September 2002 |title='Hillside Strangler' dies in prison |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/West/09/22/strangler.death.ap |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070116004300/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/West/09/22/strangler.death.ap |archive-date=January 16, 2007 |website=CNN Archives |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name="vronsky187">{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Vronsky|title=Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters|url=https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582|url-access=limited|isbn=0-425-19640-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582/page/n208 187]|year=2004|publisher=Penguin }}</ref>

The Hillside Strangler murders began with the deaths of two [[prostitutes]] who were found strangled and dumped naked on hillsides northeast of Los Angeles in October and early November 1977. It was not until the deaths of five young women who were not prostitutes, but girls who had been abducted from middle-class neighborhoods, that the media attention and subsequent "Hillside Strangler" [[moniker]] came to prominence.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=The Rampage Begins |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/rampage_1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209235058/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/rampage_1.html |archive-date=February 9, 2015 |publisher=[[Crime Library]]}}</ref>

There were two more deaths in December and February before the murders abruptly stopped. An extensive investigation proved fruitless until the arrest of Bianchi in January 1979 for the murder of two more young women in [[Washington (state)|Washington]] and the subsequent linking of his past to the Strangler case.

The most expensive trial in the history of the [[California]] legal system at that time followed, with Bianchi and Buono eventually being found guilty of those crimes and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]].

==Background==
{{Main article|Kenneth Bianchi|Angelo Buono}}
[[File:KennethBianchi 1979.jpg| right|thumb | Kenneth Bianchi mugshot in 1979]]
[[File: Angelo Buono.jpg | left|thumb | upright | Angelo Buono mugshot]]
In January 1976, [[Kenneth Bianchi]] left [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], [[New York (state)|New York]], and moved to [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], to live with his cousin [[Angelo Buono Jr.]]<ref name="historylink">{{cite web |last=McClary |first=Daryl |date=26 July 2008 |title=After he murders two Bellingham women, police arrest serial killer Kenneth A. Bianchi on January 12, 1979. |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8613 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019083648/http://www.historylink.org/File/8613 |archive-date=19 October 2016 |website=History Link |publisher=}}</ref> Buono provided a strong [[role model]] for the docile Bianchi. When Bianchi was short of money, Buono came up with the idea of getting some girls to work for them as [[prostitutes]].<ref name="cl13">{{cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=Killing Cousins |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/13.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210032556/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/13.html |archive-date=February 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Crime Library]]}}</ref> Two teenage runaways, Sabra Hannan and Becky Spears, met Bianchi and Buono, and once under their control, were forced to prostitute themselves. Eventually, Spears happened to meet lawyer David Wood, who was appalled at her situation and arranged for her to escape from the city.<ref name="cl13"/>

Encouraged by Spears' escape, Hannan ran away from Bianchi and Buono a short time later. With their [[pimp]]ing income gone, they decided to find more teenage girls. Impersonating police officers, they eventually found another young woman and installed her in the previous girl's bedroom. Additionally, they purchased (from a prostitute named Deborah Noble) a supposed "[[Prostitution#Clients|trick]] list" with names of men who frequented prostitutes. Noble and her friend, Yolanda Washington, delivered the trick list to Buono in October 1977.<ref name="cl13"/>

==Murders==

===Yolanda Washington===
Yolanda Washington was a 19 year old prostitute. She always worked on a certain stretch of Sunset Boulevard; her naked body was found on October 18, 1977, on a hillside near the Ventura Freeway. Detectives determined that the corpse was cleaned before being dumped, while faint marks were also visible around the neck, wrists and ankles, signs of a rope being used. The victim had been assaulted, raped and strangled.

===Judith Miller===
On November 1, 1977, police were called to Alta Terrace Drive in [[La Crescenta-Montrose, California|La Crescenta]],<ref>''Two of a Kind: The Hillside Stranglers'' {{ISBN|978-0-453-00499-2}} p. 24</ref> a neighborhood 12 miles north of [[downtown Los Angeles]], where the body of a teenage girl was found naked, face up on a parkway in a middle-class residential area. The homeowner had covered her with a tarp in the early morning hours to prevent the neighborhood children from viewing her on their way to school.<ref name="cl5">{{cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=Early Victims |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/victims_2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210032548/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/victims_2.html |archive-date=February 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Crime Library]]}}</ref> Ligature marks were on her neck, wrists and ankles, indicating to police she was bound and strangled. The body had been dumped, indicating she was killed elsewhere.<ref name="cl5"/>

Detective Salerno also found a small piece of light-colored fluff on her eyelid and saved it for the [[forensic]] experts. A coroner's report further detailed that she had been raped and [[sodomy|sodomized]].<ref name="cl5"/> The girl, who was described as being "small and thin, weighing about 90 pounds and appearing to be about 16 years old",<ref name="cl5"/> was eventually identified as 15-year-old Judith Lynn Miller, a former student of [[Hollywood High School]]. After dropping out, Miller was a runaway and small-time sex worker.

Miller was last seen alive on Halloween, October 31, 1977, talking to a man driving a large, two-toned sedan on Sunset Boulevard next to [[Carney's]]. The stranglers had told her they were ‘undercover’ police officers, handcuffed her, and took her to Buono's Auto Upholstery Shop at 703 E. Colorado St. in [[Glendale, California|Glendale]], where she was murdered.

===Lissa Kastin===
Five days later, on November 6, 1977, the nude body of another woman was discovered near the Chevy Chase Country Club in Glendale. Like Miller, her body bore five-point (neck, wrists, and ankles) ligature marks, and showed signs of having been strangled and brutally raped, but not sodomized.<ref name="cl5"/> The woman was identified as 21-year-old waitress Elissa Teresa "Lissa" Kastin, who was last seen leaving the restaurant where she worked the night before her body was discovered.<ref name="vronsky188">{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Vronsky|title=Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters|url=https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582|url-access=limited|isbn=0-425-19640-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582/page/n209 188]|year=2004|publisher=Penguin }}</ref>

In addition to working full-time, Kastin was also a professional dancer in the all-female dance and cabaret troupe The L.A. Knockers and (unlike the previous two victims) was not a prostitute, drug user or runaway. The stranglers followed Kastin after she was seen driving home from work, pulled her over on the street she lived on, presented a fake ‘police badge’, and told her that they were detectives. They then handcuffed her and told her they needed to take her in for questioning.<ref name="vronsky188"/>

===Aborted abduction of Catharine Lorre Baker===
At some point in early November 1977,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19791117&id=O3gsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6965,284812&hl=en|title=Peter Lorre's Daughter was Near-victim of Hillside Strangler|access-date=September 11, 2016|newspaper=Lakeland Ledger|date=November 17, 1979}}</ref> the two men approached 24-year-old Catharine Lorre Baker, the daughter of actor [[Peter Lorre]] — famous for his role as a serial killer in [[Fritz Lang]]'s film [[M (1931 film)|''M'']] — with the intent of [[Kidnapping|abducting]] and killing her. However, when Lorre produced not only her driver's license when requested, but also a picture of her sitting on her father's lap as a child, the two let her go without incident, fearing the murder of a celebrity's child would attract an unusually high amount of police and press attention.<ref>{{cite news|last=Edwards|first=Elisabeth|url=https://www.thevintagenews.com/2022/06/10/peter-lorre-daughter-hillside-strangler/|title='Casablanca' Star Peter Lorre Saved His Daughter from the Hillside Strangler|newspaper=The Vintage News|date=June 10, 2022|access-date=April 1, 2023}}</ref>

Lorre did not realize who the men were until they were arrested, at which point she recalled that two men flashing L.A. police badges had approached her in the past.<ref name="vronsky191">{{cite book|first=Peter|last=Vronsky|title=Serial Killers: The Method and Madness of Monsters|url=https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582|url-access=limited|isbn=0-425-19640-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/serialkillersmet00vron_582/page/n212 191]|year=2004|publisher=Penguin }}</ref>
[[File:Dolores Cepeda Sonja Johnson November 13 1977A.jpg|210px|right|thumb|Dolores Cepeda (left) and Sonja Johnson]]

===Dolores Cepeda and Sonja Johnson===
On Sunday, November 13, 1977, two girls, 12-year-old Dolores Ann "Dolly" Cepeda and 14-year-old Sonja Marie Johnson,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guiltenane |first=Christian |date=February 22, 2022 |title=Who Was the Hillside Strangler and Who Were all the Victims? |url=https://www.entertainmentdaily.co.uk/tv/hillside-strangler-who-victims-how-arrested-still-alive/ |access-date=May 7, 2023 |website=Entertainment Daily |language=en-GB}}</ref> boarded an [[Southern California Rapid Transit District|RTD]] bus in front of the Eagle Rock Plaza on [[Colorado Boulevard]] and headed home. The last time they were seen was getting off the bus on York Boulevard and North Avenue 46, and approaching a two-tone [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] that reportedly had two men inside. Their two corpses were discovered by a 9-year-old boy who was treasure-hunting in a trash heap on a hillside near [[Dodger Stadium]] on November 20, 1977.<ref name="cl3">{{cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=Two Killers |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210032543/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/3.html |archive-date=February 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Crime Library]]}}</ref> Both of the girls' bodies had already begun to [[decomposition|decompose]]. It was determined that they had been strangled and raped.<ref name="vronsky188"/>

===Kristina Weckler===
Earlier that same day, November 20, 1977, hikers found the naked body of 20-year-old Kristina Weckler, a quiet, unassuming honors student at the [[Art Center College of Design]], described by Detective Bob Grogan of the [[Los Angeles Police Department]] as a ''"…loving and serious young woman who should have had a bright future ahead of her"''.<ref name="cl3"/> Weckler was discovered on a hillside between Glendale and [[Eagle Rock, Los Angeles|Eagle Rock]]. When found by Detective Grogan, the typical ligature marks were on her wrists, ankles, and neck, and when he turned her over, bruises were observed on her breasts and blood oozed from her rectum. Unlike the first three victims, there were two puncture marks on her arm, but no signs of the needle tracks that indicated a drug addict;<ref name="cl2">{{cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=The 'Hillside Strangler' |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210032542/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/2.html |archive-date=February 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Crime Library]]}}</ref> it was later determined that Weckler had been injected with [[Windex]], a common [[ammonia]]-based  window, glass and [[hard-surface cleaner]].<ref name="vronsky188"/>

===Evelyn Jane King===
On November 23, 1977, the badly decomposed body of 28-year-old Evelyn Jane King, an aspiring actress who had gone missing on November 9, was discovered in bushes<ref>''Two of a Kind: The Hillside Stranglers'' {{ISBN|978-0-453-00499-2}} p. 52</ref> near the [[Los Feliz Boulevard]] off-ramp of the [[Golden State Freeway]].<ref name="cl3"/> The severity of decomposition prevented determination as to whether she had been raped or [[torture]]d, but she had been strangled like the others. In response authorities created a task force — initially composed of 30 officers from the LAPD, the Sheriff's Department and the [[Glendale Police Department]] — to catch the predator now dubbed the "Hillside Strangler".<ref name="cl3"/>
{{multiple image
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===Lauren Wagner===
On November 29, 1977, police found the body of 18-year-old Lauren Rae Wagner, a business student who lived with her parents in the [[San Fernando Valley]],<ref name="vronsky188"/> in the hills around Los Angeles's [[Mount Washington, Los Angeles|Mount Washington]]. She had ligature marks on her neck, ankles, and wrists. There were also burn marks on her hands indicating she was tortured.<ref name="cl4">{{cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=A Witness |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/4.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210032547/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/4.html |archive-date=February 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Crime Library]]}}</ref> Lauren's parents had expected her to come home before midnight, and the next morning, when they found her car parked across the street with the door ajar, her father questioned the neighbors.<ref name="cl4"/>

He found that the woman who lived in the house where Lauren's car had been parked saw her abduction. This woman stated that she saw two men: one was tall and young, the other one was older and shorter with bushy hair.<ref name="cl4"/> She also stated that she heard Wagner cry out "You won't get away with this!" during her abduction.<ref name="cl4"/>

===Kimberly Martin===
On December 14, 1977, the naked body of 17-year-old prostitute Kimberly Diane Martin, which also showed signs of torture, was found on a deserted lot near [[Los Angeles City Hall]]. Martin had previously joined a [[call girl]] agency because she feared exposing herself on the streets with the Strangler on the loose. The killers happened to place a call to her agency from a Hollywood Public Library pay phone, and she was the call girl who was dispatched. When the police investigated the apartment she had been dispatched to, they found it vacant and broken into.<ref name="cl6">{{cite web |last=Bardsley |first=Marilyn |title=Three More |url=http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210032549/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/6.html |archive-date=February 10, 2015 |publisher=[[Crime Library]]}}</ref>

===Cindy Hudspeth===
The body of the final Hillside Strangler victim was discovered in Los Angeles on February 17, 1978, when a helicopter pilot spotted an orange [[Datsun]] abandoned midway down a cliff on the [[Angeles Crest Highway]].<ref name="vronsky188"/> Police responded to the scene and discovered the nude body of the car's owner, 20-year-old Cindy Lee Hudspeth — a student and part-time waitress — in the trunk. Her corpse again showed ligature marks, and she had been raped and tortured. She had been strangled and her body placed in the trunk of her car, which was then pushed off the cliff.<ref name="cl6"/>

Hudspeth's murder had initially been unplanned. Bianchi had arrived at Buono's upholstery shop at closing time on February 16 to discover Hudspeth in the company of Buono, discussing upholstery work she wished him to perform on her car. The two men had a private discussion, opting to make her their next victim.<ref>''Two of a Kind: The Hillside Stranglers'' {{ISBN|978-0-453-00499-2}} p. 143</ref>

==Investigation and trial==
In January 1979, after an intense investigation, police charged Bianchi and Buono with the crimes. Bianchi had fled to [[Bellingham, Washington|Bellingham]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], where he was soon arrested by [[Bellingham Police Department]] for raping and murdering two women he had lured to a home for a house-sitting job. Bianchi attempted to set up an [[insanity defense]], claiming that he had [[dissociative identity disorder]] and that a personality separate from himself committed the murders. Court psychologists, notably [[Martin Theodore Orne|Dr. Martin Orne]], observed Bianchi and found that he was faking, so Bianchi agreed to plead guilty and testify against Buono in exchange for leniency.

At the conclusion of Buono's trial in 1983, [[Presiding Judge]] [[Ronald M. George]], who later became [[Chief Justice]] of the [[California Supreme Court]], stated during sentencing, "I would not have the slightest reluctance to impose the death penalty in this case were it within my power to do so. Ironically, although these two defendants utilized almost every form of legalized execution against their victims, the defendants have escaped any form of capital punishment."<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Bachmann, Patrick (Writer/Producer) |date=1997 <!--  although the tcm.com site says 1998, the actual copyright notice on show says 1997 --> |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/468495/the-hillside-stranglers |title=The Hillside Stranglers |type=television production |access-date=June 14, 2020 |publisher=A&E Television}}</ref> Bianchi is serving a [[life sentence]] at the [[Washington State Penitentiary]] in [[Walla Walla, Washington|Walla Walla]]. Buono died of a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]] on September 21, 2002, at [[Calipatria State Prison]] in California, where he was serving a life sentence.<ref>King, Gary C. "The Hillside Strangler: Angelo Buono and Kenneth Bianchi." ''[[Investigation Discovery]]''. [http://investigation.discovery.com/investigation/where-now/hillside-strangler/hillside-strangler-02.html 2]. Retrieved on January 10, 2010.</ref>

==Veronica Compton==
In 1980, Bianchi began a relationship with Veronica Compton. During his trial, she testified for the defense. While incarcerated, Bianchi had smuggled a [[semen]] filled condom to her in the spine of a book, so she could use it to stage a rape/murder committed by the Hillside Strangler.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}} She was later convicted and imprisoned for attempting to strangle a woman she had lured to a motel in an attempt to have authorities believe that the Hillside Strangler was still on the loose and the wrong man was imprisoned. She was released in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Little |first=Becky |title=The Woman Who Tried to Kill for the Hillside Strangler |url=https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/veronica-compton-wallace-hillside-strangler |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=A&E |language=en}}</ref>

==Media==
===Film adaptations===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2| Year
!rowspan=2| Title
!colspan=3| Cast
!rowspan=2| Notes
|-
!  as Angelo Buono
!  as Kenneth Bianchi
!  also starring
|-
|  1989
|  ''The Case of the Hillside Stranglers''
|  [[Dennis Farina]]
|  [[Billy Zane]]
|  [[Richard Crenna]] as Police Sergeant Bob Grogan
|  Made for television; based on ''Two of a Kind: The Hillside Stranglers'' by [[Darcy O'Brien]]
|-
|  2001
|  ''The Hillside Stranglers''
|  Ron Gilbert
|  [[Jeff Marchelletta]]
|  
|  Made for television; also known as ''Supersleuth''
|-
|  2004
|  ''[[The Hillside Strangler (film)|The Hillside Strangler]]''
|  [[Nicholas Turturro]]
|  [[C. Thomas Howell]]
| Marisol Padilla Sánchez as Christina Chavez (based on Veronica Compton)
|
|-
|  2006
|  ''[[Rampage: The Hillside Strangler Murders]]''
|  [[Tomas Arana]]
|  [[Clifton Collins Jr.]]
|  [[Brittany Daniel]] as a psychiatrist
|  Direct-to-video
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Los Angeles}}
* [[Alphabet murders]]
* [[List of serial killers in the United States]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Cited works and further reading==
* {{cite book| last1 = Hall| first1 = Allan| title = The Power and the Evil| year = 1994| publisher = Blitz Editions| location = Leicester| isbn = 1-856-05208-7| pages = [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781856052085/page/11 11–14]| url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781856052085/page/11}}
* {{cite book| last1 = Lane| first1 = Brian| last2 = Gregg| first2 = Wilfred| title = The Encyclopedia of Serial Killers| orig-year = 1992| year = 1995| publisher = Berkley Book| location = New York City| isbn = 978-0-425-15213-3| pages = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofse00lane/page/50 50–52]| url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofse00lane/page/50}}
* {{cite book| last1 = O'Brien| first1 = Darcy| title = Two of a Kind| year = 1985| publisher = Nal Books | location = Virginia| isbn = 978-0-453-00499-2}}
* {{cite book| last1 = Wynn| first1 = Douglas| title = On Trial for Murder| year = 1995| publisher = Pan Books | location = London| isbn = 0-330-33947-8| pages = 30–33}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061025112842/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/West/09/22/strangler.death.ap/ "'Hillside Strangler' dies in prison"], [[CNN]], September 22, 2002
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150209235058/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/predators/stranglers/rampage_1.html Crime Library's story on the Hillside Stranglers]

[[Category:20th-century American murderers]]
[[Category:American people convicted of child sexual abuse]]
[[Category:Crimes adapted into films]]
[[Category:Incidents of violence against women]]
[[Category:Murder in California]]
[[Category:Rapes in the United States]]
[[Category:Serial killer duos]]
[[Category:Serial killers from California]]
[[Category:Torture in the United States]]