Editing Hisamuddin of Selangor

{{Short description|Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 1960}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Hisamuddin<br>{{lang|ms|{{Script|Arab|حسام الدين}}}}
| title        = 
| image        = Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah (cropped).jpg
| caption      = Official portrait, 1960
| succession   = [[King of Malaysia|King of the Federation of Malaya]]
| reign        = 14 April – 1 September 1960
| predecessor  = [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Abdul Rahman]]
| successor    = [[Putra of Perlis|Putra]]
| succession2  = [[Sultan of Selangor]]
| reign2       = 4 April 1938 – 15 January 1942
| reign-type2  = First reign
| coronation2  = 26 January 1939
| predecessor2 = [[Sulaiman of Selangor|Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah]]
| successor2   = [[Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah of Selangor|Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah]]
| reign3       = 14 September 1945 – 1 September 1960
| reign-type3  = Second reign
| predecessor3 = Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah
| successor3   = [[Salahuddin of Selangor|Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah]]
| full name    = Tengku Alam Shah ibni Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah
| regnal name  = Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah
| house        = [[Kingdom of Luwu|Royal Buginese Luwu<br />Opu Daeng Celak]]
| spouse       = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[Raja Jemaah|Tengku Ampuan Jemaah Binti Almarhum Raja Ahmad]]|1920}}
*Cik Puan Hajah Kalsum Binti Haji Mahmud
*Raja Halijah Binti Almarhum Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah Rahmatullah
}}
| issue        = [[Salahuddin of Selangor]] <br/> Tengku Azman Shah <br/> Tengku Badli Shah <br/> Tengku Hajah Raudzah <br/> [[Tengku Ampuan Bariah]] <br/>Tengku Ismail Shah <br/> Tengku Taksiah
| issue-link   = #Personal and Family Life
| father       = [[Sulaiman of Selangor|Sultan Sir Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah ibni Al-Marhum Raja Muda Raja Musa]]
| mother       = Cik Puan Hasnah Binti Pilong
| birth_date   = {{birth date|df=y|1898|05|13}}
| birth_place  = Bandar Termasha, [[Kuala Langat|Kuala Langat, Selangor]], [[Federated Malay States]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|df=y|1960|09|01|1898|05|13}}
| death_place  = Istana Tetamu, [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Federation of Malaya]]
| date of burial = 3 September 1960
| place of burial = [[Sultan Sulaiman Mosque|Royal Mausoleum]], [[Klang (city)|Klang]], Selangor, Federation of Malaya
| religion     = [[Sunni Islam]]
| occupation   = 
}}

'''Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah Al-Haj Ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah''' {{post-nominals|country=GBR|KCMG}} ([[Jawi script|Jawi]]: {{lang|ms|سلطان حسام الدين عالم شاه الحاج ابن المرحوم سلطان علاء الدين سليمان شاه}}; 13 May 1898 – 1 September 1960) was [[Sultan of Selangor]] from 1938 to 1942, later from 1945, and the second [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of the [[Federation of Malaya]] from 14 April, until his death on 1 September 1960.

==Early life and education==

He was the third son of [[Sultan Sulaiman|Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah ibni Raja Muda Musa]] (1863–1938) by Cik Puan Hasnah binti Pilong, a commoner wife. Named Tengku Alam Shah at birth, he was not expected to succeed as he had two elder half-brothers, born to his father's royal consort.

Educated at the [[Malay College Kuala Kangsar]], he was instrumental in the establishment of the Malay College Old Boys Association in 1929. In 1931, he was appointed Tengku Laksamana of Selangor, having previously served as Tengku Panglima Raja.

==Selangor succession dispute==

Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah had multiple children, his first three sons being Tengku Musa Eddin, Tengku Badar Shah and Tengku Alam Shah. The first two sons were children by his royal consort, Tengku Ampuan Maharum binti Tengku Dhiauddin of the royal house of [[Kedah]]. In 1903, Tunku Musa Eddin had been made ''tengku mahkota'' and was promoted to ''raja muda'' (heir apparent) in 1920.<ref>Buyong Adil, 1971, ''Sejarah Selangor''</ref>

However, at the instigation of the British [[Resident (title)|Resident]], [[Theodore Samuel Adams]] (1885–1961; in office 1935–1937), Tengku Musa Eddin was dismissed as ''raja muda'' in 1934 for alleged "misbehaviour". Adams had accused Tengku Musa Eddin of being a [[spendthrift]] and wastrel with a penchant for gambling. However, many Malays in Selangor believed the real reason for Tengku Musa Eddin's dismissal was his refusal to follow Adams' orders.<ref>Buyong Adil, ''op cit''</ref>

Although Sultan Sulaiman pleaded for the case of Tengku Musa Eddin (even petitioning the Secretary of State for the Colonies and discussing the issue directly with him in London), Tengku Alam Shah was instead proclaimed ''raja muda'' over his other half-brother Tengku Badar.<ref>Willan, HC (7 October 1945) Interview with the Malay Rulers CAB 101/69, CAB/HIST/B/4/7</ref> The appointment occurred on 20 July 1936.<ref>Buyong Adil, ''op cit''</ref>

==First reign as Sultan of Selangor==

Tengku Alam Shah was proclaimed sultan on 4 April 1938, four days after the death of his father. On 26 January 1939, he was crowned at the Istana Mahkota Puri in [[Klang, Malaysia|Klang]]. Tengku Musa Eddin, then Tengku Kelana Jaya Putera, presided over the ceremony.<ref>Buyong Adil, ''op cit''</ref>

==Japanese occupation==

On 15 January 1942, Colonel Fujiyama, the Japanese Military Governor of Selangor, invited Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah to the King's House in Kuala Lumpur. In an interview with Major-General Minaki, the Sultan confessed that he had made speeches in support of the British war efforts but had been persuaded by the British Resident to do so. After being told to surrender the regalia to his older brother, the Japanese removed Sultan Alam Shah and in November 1943, proclaimed Tengku Musa Eddin as Sultan [[Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah of Selangor]].<ref>Willan, HC (7 October 1945) Interview with the Malay Rulers CAB 101/69, CAB/HIST/B/4/7</ref>

Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah declined to work with the Japanese and from 1943, refused the allowance they gave him and his children.<ref>''ibid''</ref>

==Second reign as Sultan of Selangor==

The return of the British brought Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah back to the throne, while Sultan Musa was exiled to the [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]].<ref>Buyong Adil, ''op cit''</ref> Although he had signed the [[Malayan Union]] treaty, like all other Malay rulers, he later repudiated it and gave open support to Malay nationalist effort to stop the plan.{{citation needed|date=July 2009}}

On 1 March 1946, Sultan Alam Shah officiated the First Malay Unity Congress at the Sultan Sulaiman Club in Kuala Lumpur which was instrumental in creating the [[United Malays National Organisation]]. The congress was organised by the Selangor Malay Society which had as its president the scholar [[Zainal Abidin Ahmad (writer)|Zainal Abidin Ahmad]] (Za'ba), a critic of British colonial rule. {{citation needed|date=July 2009}}

==Election as Deputy Yang di-Pertuan Agong==

On 31 August 1957, by eight votes to one, Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah was elected Deputy [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of independent Malaya.<ref>(August 4, 1957) ''Sunday Times,'' Singapore</ref>

==Election as Yang di-Pertuan Agong==

Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah was elected second [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of independent [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] on the death of [[Tuanku Abdul Rahman]]. His term of office began on 14 April 1960. On 30 July 1960 he proclaimed the end of the [[Malayan Emergency]].<ref>Buyong Adil, ''op cit''</ref>

==Death and funeral==

Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah died from an unidentified illness at the Istana Tetamu, in [[Kuala Lumpur]] on 1 September 1960, aged 62, the day set for his installation as Yang di-Pertuan Agong. He was interred at the Royal Mausoleum near [[Sultan Sulaiman Mosque]] in Klang, Selangor on 3 September 1960.<ref>Buyong Adil, ''op cit''</ref>

==Personal life and family==

Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah was married at least twice:
# in 1920 to [[Raja Jemaah]] binti Raja Ahmad (1900–1973), a member of a junior branch of the Selangor royal family, who served as Tengku Ampuan of Selangor and [[Raja Permaisuri Agong]]
# in 1927 to Kalsom binti Mahmud (1905–1990), who was the mother of [[Tengku Ampuan Bariah|Tengku Ampuan Besar Bariah]] of [[Terengganu]].
# after 1927 to Raja Halija binti Al-Marhum Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah Rahmatullah of Perak and Cik Haji Ngah Uteh Mariah binti Haji Sulaiman, daughter of ''Dato'' Haji Sulaiman and Fatimah binti To' Bandar Lambin

He was succeeded by his son by Raja Jemaah, [[Sultan Salahuddin|Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah]], as Sultan of Selangor, taking the title of Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. Sultan Salahuddin later became the 11th [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] and also died while in office.

==Awards and recognitions==
===Honour of Malaya===
* {{flag|Malaya}}
**[[File:MY Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara (Crown of the Realm) - DMN.svg|50px]] Recipient of the [[Order of the Crown of the Realm]] (DMN) (31 August 1958)<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.istiadat.gov.my/v8/images/stories/1958.pdf|title=Senarai Penuh Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang dan Pingat Persekutuan Tahun 1958.}}</ref>

===Foreign honours===
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}
** [[File:UK King George V Silver Jubilee Medal ribbon.svg|50px]] Recipient of the [[King George V Silver Jubilee Medal]] (1935)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitsbudget19350530-1.2.91|title=KING'S JUBILEE MEDAL AWARDS IN MALAYA|work=[[Straits Budget]]|date=30 May 1935|pages=16}}</ref>
** [[File:UK King George VI Coronation Medal ribbon.svg|50px]] Recipient of the [[King George VI Coronation Medal]] (1937)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/morningtribune19370526-1.2.94|title=CORONATION MEDALS FOR MALAYA|work=[[Morning Tribune]]|date=26 May 1937|pages=23}}</ref>
** [[File:UK Order St-Michael St-George ribbon.svg|50px]] Honorary Knight Commander of the [[Order of St Michael and St George]] (KCMG) – '''Sir''' (1938)<ref name="KCMG">{{London Gazette|issue=34518|page=3690 |supp=y|date=7 June 1938}}</ref>
** [[File:Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal ribbon.gif|50px]] Recipient of the [[Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal]] (1953)
* {{Flag|Brunei}} 
**[[File:BRU Family Order of Brunei 1st Class.svg|50px]] Member First Class of the [[Family Order of Laila Utama]] (DK) – '''Dato Laila Utama''' (24 September 1958)

===Places named after him===
Several places were named after him, including:
* [[Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah]] (previously known as Kolej Islam Kelang), was named after him.
* [[Sekolah Alam Shah]] (now Sekolah Sultan Alam Shah), first in Cheras and then in Putrajaya, was named after him.
* [[SM Sains Alam Shah|SMS Alam Shah]], carries the name of him after [[Sekolah Sultan Alam Shah|Sekolah Alam Shah]] moved to Putrajaya
* The City of [[Shah Alam]] and [[Istana Alam Shah]] in [[Klang, Malaysia|Klang]] was also named in his honour.
* [[Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin]] ''(formerly Victory Avenue)'', [[Kuala Lumpur]] was named after him
* [[Shah Alam Cemetery]]
* [[Shah Alam Circuit]]
* [[Shah Alam Expressway]]
* [[Shah Alam Komuter station]]
* [[Shah Alam Royal Mausoleum]]
* [[Shah Alam Royale Theatre]]
* [[Shah Alam Stadium]]
* [[Shah Alam Transfer Station]]
* [[Shah Alam–Puchong Highway]]
* [[Sultan Alam Shah Museum]]
* SK Shah Alam, a primary school in Shah Alam, Selangor
* SK Satu Sultan Alam Shah, a primary school in Petaling Jaya, Selangor
* SK (2) Sultan Alam Shah, a primary school in Petaling Jaya, Selangor
* SK Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah, a primary school in Kuala Lumpur
* SMK Shah Alam, a secondary school in Shah Alam, Selangor
* SAM Sultan Hisamuddin Sungai Bertih, a secondary school in Klang, Selangor
* SAMT Sultan Hisamuddin, a secondary school in Klang, Selangor
* Kolej Komuniti Shah Alam, a community college in Shah Alam, Selangor
* Shah Alam Hospital in Shah Alam, Selangor
* Taman Tasik Shah Alam
* [[Shah Alam National Botanical Park]]
* Persiaran Hishamuddin
* [[Persiaran Hishamuddin LRT station]]
#

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan|Tuanku Abdul Rahman]]<br>(Yang di-Pertuan Besar<br>of Negeri Sembilan)
| title = [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] <br>(Supreme King of Malaysia)
| years = 1 April - 1 September 1960
| after = [[Putra of Perlis|Tuanku Syed Putra]]<br>(Raja of Perlis)
}}

{{succession box
| before = [[Sultan Sulaiman|Sulaiman]]
| title = [[Sultan of Selangor]]
| years = 1937 - 1942
| after = [[Sultan Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah|Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah]]
}}

{{succession box
| before = [[Sultan Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah|Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah]]
| title = [[Sultan of Selangor]]
| years = 1945 - 1960
| after = [[Sultan Salahuddin|Salahuddin]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Sultan of Selangor}}
{{Yang di-Pertuan Agong}}
{{Portal bar|Malaysia|Biography|Royalty|Monarchy}}
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[[Category:Monarchs of Malaysia]]<!--Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia-->
[[Category:Sultans of Selangor|Hisamuddin]]
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1960 deaths]]
[[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]
[[Category:Royal House of Selangor|Hisamuddin]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Malay descent]]
[[Category:Malaysian Muslims]]
[[Category:Malaysian people of Bugis descent]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:20th-century Malaysian politicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm]]
[[Category:Sons of sultans]]