Editing Holden Commodore

{{short description|Car model from Holden}}
{{Distinguish|Opel Commodore}}
{{Cleanup images|date=January 2024|reason=too many sandwiching images in the sections per [[MOS:SANDWICH]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use Australian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Holden Commodore
| image = 2017 Holden Commodore (VF II MY17) SV6 sedan (2017-11-18) 01.jpg
| caption = 2017 Holden Commodore SV6 sedan (VFII)
| manufacturer = [[Holden]]
| production = {{ubl
 | October 1978 – October 2017 (Australia)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.caradvice.com.au/812851/holden-commodore-retired/ |title=Goodbye Commodore: A legend dies as Holden goes exclusive on SUVs and utes |access-date=11 December 2019 |archive-date=11 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211144222/https://www.caradvice.com.au/812851/holden-commodore-retired/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | February 2018 – December 2020 (Germany)
}}
| class = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Mid-size car]] (1978–1988; 2018–2020)
  | [[Full-size car]] (1988–2017)
  }}
| body_style = {{unbulleted list
  | 2-door [[coupé utility]]
  | 4-door [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]]
  | 5-door [[station wagon]]
  | 4-door [[crew cab]]
  | 2-door [[cab chassis]]
  }}
| platform = {{unbulleted list
  | [[GM V platform (1966)|GM V platform]] (1978–2006)
  | [[GM Zeta platform]] (2006–2017)
  | [[GM Epsilon platform#E2XX|GM E2XX platform]] (2018–2020)
  }}
| related = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Holden Caprice|Holden Statesman and Caprice]]
  | [[Holden Monaro]]
  | [[Opel Insignia]]
  | [[Opel Commodore]]
  | [[Buick Regal]]
  | [[Opel Omega]]
  | [[Pontiac G8]]
  | [[Vauxhall Carlton]]
  }}
| layout = {{unbulleted list
  | [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, rear-wheel drive]] (1978–2017)
  | [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel drive]] (2018–2020)
  | [[Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, all-wheel drive]] (2018–2020)
  }}
| predecessor = [[Holden Kingswood]]
}}

The '''Holden Commodore''' is a series of [[automobile]]s that were sold by now-defunct Australian manufacturer [[Holden]] from 1978 until 2020. They were manufactured from 1978 to 2017 in Australia and from 1979 to 1990 in New Zealand, with production of the locally manufactured versions in Australia ending on 20 October 2017.<ref name=news-2017-10-20/>

The first three generations of Holden produced Commodores (1978–2006) were based on the [[Opel]] designed [[General Motors V platform (RWD)|V-body]] rear-wheel drive [[automotive platform]], which was the basis of GM's largest European models, but were structurally strengthened, mechanically modified, and, in time, enlarged by Holden for Australian road conditions, production needs, and market demands. The styling of these cars was generally similar to that of the [[Opel Commodore C]], and later, the [[Opel Omega|Opel Omega A/B]] and their [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]] sister models the [[Vauxhall Carlton]] and Omega.

The fourth generation Holden Commodore models, the '''[[Holden Commodore (VE)|VE]]''' and '''[[Holden Commodore (VF)|VF]]''', manufactured by Holden from 2006 until 2017, were entirely designed in-house and based on the Holden-developed, rear-wheel drive [[GM Zeta platform|Zeta platform]]. Between 2018 and 2020, a rebadged, front-wheel drive [[Opel Insignia#Holden Commodore (ZB)|Opel Insignia]], built by Opel in Germany, was sold in Australia as the '''[[Holden Commodore (ZB)|ZB]]'''. All sales of the last Commodore ended at the end of 2020, coinciding with the complete discontinuation of Holden as a [[subsidiary company]], [[marque]], and [[nameplate]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Holden Commodore, Astra To Be Discontinued In 2020|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/386957/holden-commodore-astra-retired-2020/|last=Padeanu|first=Adrian|website=Motor1.com|language=en|access-date=2020-06-01|archive-date=10 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210104928/https://www.motor1.com/news/386957/holden-commodore-astra-retired-2020/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The Commodore replaced the long-serving [[Holden Kingswood]] and [[Holden Premier]]. Initially introduced as a single [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]] body style, the range expanded in 1979 to include a [[station wagon]]. From 1984, Holden began branding the flagship model as '''Holden Calais''', with the Commodore Berlina introduced in 1984 gaining independent '''Holden Berlina''' nomenclature in 1988. Long-[[wheelbase]] [[Holden Caprice|Statesman/Caprice]] derivatives and Commodore [[coupé utility|utility]] body variants followed in 1990. The third generation architecture spawned the most body styles, with a new Holden utility launched in 2000 (known officially as the '''Holden Ute'''), reborn [[Holden Monaro#Third generation (2001–2005)|Monaro]] [[coupé]] in 2001, four-door '''Holden Crewman''' utility and [[all-wheel drive]] (AWD) '''Holden Adventra''' [[crossover (automobile)|crossover]] in 2003. [[Holden Special Vehicles]] (HSV) in 1987 began official modification of high performance variants of the Commodore and its derivatives, under its own nameplate.{{cn|date=July 2024}}

Rivalry came predominantly from the [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]]—also locally built. Prior to the second generation Commodore of 1988, the Holden was positioned a full [[vehicle size class|class]] below the full-size Falcon. To varying degrees, competition also came from [[mid-size]] offerings from [[Toyota Australia]] as well as [[Chrysler Australia]], which morphed into [[Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited|Mitsubishi Motors Australia]]. Moreover, between 1989 and 1997, Australian federal government policy saw the launch of the '''Toyota Lexcen''', which was a [[rebadging|rebadged]] version of the second generation Commodore. With the introduction of the third generation in 1997, Holden implemented its largest export programs involving Commodore and its derivatives. In the Middle East and South Africa the Commodore sold as a [[Chevrolet]]. High-performance export versions followed in North America, sold as [[Pontiac (automobile)|Pontiac]] and later Chevrolet. HSV also exported to the United Kingdom as [[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]], in the Middle East as [[Holden Special Vehicles#Chevrolet Special Vehicles (CSV)|Chevrolet Special Vehicles]] (CSV) and in New Zealand and Singapore as HSV.

In December 2013, Holden announced that it would cease its local production by the end of October 2017 committing, however, to use the long-standing Commodore nameplate on its fifth-generation fully imported replacement, moving to a [[front-wheel drive]] (FWD)/[[all-wheel drive]] (AWD) platform.

On 10 December 2019, Holden announced that the Commodore nameplate would be discontinued in 2020, in what is, according to Holden's interim chairman and managing director Kristian Aquilina, "decisive action to ensure a sharp focus on the largest and most buoyant market segments", focusing on their SUV and Ute range, which had accounted for over 76% of their lineup during 2019. This marks the end of the Commodore nameplate's 41 years.<ref name="CarGuidesEnd">{{cite news |url=https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/confirmed-holden-commodore-axed-iconic-nameplate-to-disappear-as-brand-focuses-on-suvs-and |title=CONFIRMED: Holden Commodore axed! Iconic nameplate to disappear as brand focuses on SUVs and utes |first=Andrew |last=Chesterton |work=Cars Guide |location=Australia |date=2019-12-10 |access-date=2019-12-10 |archive-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045151/https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/confirmed-holden-commodore-axed-iconic-nameplate-to-disappear-as-brand-focuses-on-suvs-and |url-status=live }}</ref> On 17 February 2020, General Motors announced that the Holden marque in its entirety would be retired from sale in Australia and New Zealand by 2021.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-17/holden-car-brand-axed-after-160-years-in-australia/11972092 | title=Holden car brand, maker of Commodore and Barina, axed across Australia and New Zealand | date=17 February 2020 | publisher=ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) | access-date=13 June 2020 | archive-date=2 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702160244/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-17/holden-car-brand-axed-after-160-years-in-australia/11972092 | url-status=live }}</ref>

== First generation (1978–1988)==
=== {{anchor|VB}} VB (1978–1980) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VB)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = 1978-1980 Holden VB Commodore 3.3 sedan 02.jpg
| image2 = 1979 Holden Commodore (VB) SL station wagon (20189467463).jpg
| footer = VB Commodore SL station wagon
| caption1 = VB Commodore sedan
}}
[[File:Holden VB Commodore SL E (cropped).JPG|left|thumb|VB Commodore SL E]]

Introduced in October 1978,<ref>[[#Bebbington (2009)|Bebbington (2009)]], p. 77.</ref> the VB Commodore development covered a period with the effects of the [[1973 oil crisis]] still being felt.<ref name = "Robinson (2006), p. 24">[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 24. "Australia, protected from the ravages of the first 1973 energy crisis, felt the full force of [[OPEC]]'s decision to raise oil prices by 140 per cent [...] Petrol shortages, rationing and dramatic fuel price increases, forced the global car industry into what was quickly dubbed 'downsizing' [...] Holden had already downsized, now the rest of the automotive world shuddered and began what seemed an inexorable move towards smaller cars."</ref> Hence, when Holden decided to replace the successful [[Full-size car|full-size]] [[Holden Kingswood#HZ|HZ Kingswood]] with a new model line, they wanted the new car to be smaller and more fuel efficient.<ref>[[#Whelan (1978)|Whelan (1978)]], p. 22. "It had to be a family car, which meant it needed similar interior dimensions to the Holden Kingswood, but it had to be fuel- and space efficient, which meant it had to be smaller and sleeker overall."</ref> Originally, Holden looked at developing a new [[Holden Kingswood#WA|WA Kingswood]], but that project was abandoned.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 21. "Holden planned to replace the HQ with the WA but management indecision meant the project was discarded."</ref> With no replacement in development, Holden looked to [[Opel]] to provide the design foundations of the VB, basing it on the four-cylinder [[Opel Rekord|Rekord E]] body shell, with the front grafted on from the [[Opel Senator|Opel Senator A]], both constructed using GM's [[GM V platform (RWD)|V-body platform]].<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 59. "The Commodore was [...] based on the Opel V-car using components from the German GM subsidiary's Rekord, Commodore and Senator models."</ref> This change was necessitated to accommodate the larger [[Holden straight-six motor|Holden six-]] and [[Holden V8 engine|eight-cylinder engines]].<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 22. "It accepted Opel's Rekord, knowing the four-cylinder required re-engineering to [...] accommodate the local in-line six-cylinder and V8 engines. [...] The VB mixed the nose of the longer six-cylinder Opel Senator, [...] to the cabin and rearward of the cheaper Rekord."</ref> Holden also adopted the name "Commodore" from Opel, which had been using the name since 1967.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archives.media.gm.com/intl/opel/en/download/doc/history/opel_historie_all_wpics.doc |format=[[Doc (computing)|DOC]] |title=Opel History |publisher=[[General Motors]] |access-date=14 July 2009 |archive-date=26 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026013323/http://archives.media.gm.com/intl/opel/en/download/doc/history/opel_historie_all_wpics.doc |url-status=live }}</ref> Opel went on to use Holden's Rekord-Senator hybrid as a foundation for its new generation [[Opel Commodore#Commodore C (1977–1982)|Commodore C]], slotting in between the two donor models.<ref>[[#Tuckey (1999)|Tuckey (1999)]], p. 33. "The Rekord with the Senator nose job [...] was so well proportioned that Opel later picked up the bastard child to fit between its Rekord and Senator on the European market and named it&nbsp;– guess what?&nbsp;– Commodore."</ref>

[[File:1978-1980 Holden VB Commodore SLE 03.jpg|left|thumb|Interior]]

During the VB's development, Holden realised that when driven at speed over harsh Australian roads, the Opel Rekord would effectively break apart at the [[firewall (construction)|firewall]].<ref>[[#Tuckey (1999)|Tuckey (1999)]], p. 41. "They ran the cars [...] somewhere where the roads weren't made, and [...] the first of the three real VB prototypes built in Germany by Opel and flown to Australia at the end of 1977 actually broke in two at the firewall."</ref> This forced Holden to re-engineer the entire car for the often harsh [[Environment of Australia|Australian road conditions]], resulting in only 35&nbsp;percent commonality with the Rekord. Among other changes, the Rekord's [[MacPherson strut]] front suspension was modified,<ref>[[#Segal (1978)|Segal (1978)]], p. 34. "And in final analysis 65% of the new Commodore is wholly Australian Holden in origin [... with the Rekord's] traditional double wishbone front suspension [giving] way at last to McPherson {{sic}} struts. The same system is used on the Holden [VB], but a completely different design."</ref> and the [[recirculating ball]] steering was replaced with a [[rack and pinion]] type.<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 59. "...rack-and-pinion steering system (Australian TRW) replaced the Opel's old fashioned recirculating-ball steering box and linkage."</ref> These and other mechanical and structural  modifications massively blew out development costs to a reported {{AUD|110&nbsp;million|link=yes}}<ref>[[#Tuckey (1999)|Tuckey (1999)]], p. 48. "In the end, it would have spent around $110 million on tools, facilities, development and start-up expenses for the VB."</ref>—a figure then close to the cost of developing an all-new model independently.<ref>[[#Wright (1998)|Wright (1998)]], p. 232. "Initially, it looked as if it would be cheaper to modify the German car to take the Australian engines but it transpired that a major re-engineering job was necessary if the German car was to meet Holden standards. [...] It cost almost as much to rework the Commodore as it would have done to introduce a new locally developed Holden."</ref> With such a large sum consumed by the VB development programme, Holden was left with insufficient finances for the development of a [[station wagon]] variant.<ref name = "Crossing the Lion">{{cite web |last=Kenwright |first=Joe |date=29 July 2006 |url=http://www.carpoint.com.au/advice/2006/large-passenger/holden/commodore/crossing-the-lion-7422 |title=Crossing the Lion |work=CarPoint |access-date=16 June 2007 |archive-date=28 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028022411/http://www.carpoint.com.au/advice/2006/large-passenger/holden/commodore/crossing-the-lion-7422 |url-status=live }}</ref> Added that the Commodore architecture was considered an unsuitable base for [[Coupé utility|utility]] and long-[[wheelbase]] models,<ref>[[#Tuckey (1999)|Tuckey (1999)]], p. 85. "The Commodore [VB] wasn't considered a suitable base for a ute or a LWB vehicle."</ref> Holden was left with only a sedan, albeit one in three levels of luxury: a base, SL, and SL/E.<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 59. "Initially produced in one body style only, a four-door sedan, it was available in three trim levels: the Commodore, the Commodore SL and the top-of-the-range Commodore SL/E."</ref> Desperate measures forced Holden to shape the Commodore front-end to the rear of the Rekord wagon. As the wagon-specific sheet metal had to be imported from Germany, the wagon, introduced in July 1979, suffered from inevitable component differences from the sedan.<ref name = "Crossing the Lion"/><ref>[[#Bebbington (2009)|Bebbington (2009)]], p. 77. "[W]agon models joined the line-up in July 1979 [...] The sheetmetal unique to the wagon body style was imported from Germany".</ref> Although infrequently criticised in the early years, quality problems were evident, with poor trim and panel fit problematic for all first generation Commodores. This coupled with mechanical dilemmas such as water pump failure and steering rack rattle ensured [[warranty]] claims were high in the first year.<ref>[[#Wright (1998)|Wright (1998)]], p. 256–257. "Although little criticised at the time, the [VB's] finish was poor and did not match that of other Holdens. Ill-fitting trim [...] accompanied various mechanical maladies including water pump failure and steering rack rattle to mar the ownership experience for many. Warranty claims were high in the first year or so. [...] Poor panel fit remained a problem throughout the life of the first generation of Commodores."</ref> Despite these issues, the VB Commodore was widely praised for its value for money sophistication, especially in regards to its steering, [[Automobile handling|handling]], braking, and [[ride quality]].<ref>[[#Tuckey (1999)|Tuckey (1999)]], p. 54. "The first press reactions [to the VB] were euphoric. [...] There was huge praise for the steering, ride, handling and brakes."</ref> thus securing the [[Wheels Car of the Year|''Wheels'' Car of the Year]] award for 1978.<ref>[[#Jeeves (2008)|Jeeves (2008)]], p. 62.</ref>

The VB series retained 96&nbsp;percent of the preceding HZ Kingswood's interior space but was only 86&nbsp;percent the HZ's external size, although five&nbsp;percent larger than the [[Holden Torana|Torana]].<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 23. "The footprint of the Commodore was five per cent bigger than the Torana, but 14 percent smaller than the Kingswood. Yet, [...] the cabin enclosed 96 per cent of the older model's interior space."</ref> With the Commodore dropping a full class below the Kingswood and its [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]] competitor,<ref>[[#Wright (1998)|Wright (1998)]], p. 254. "The [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Falcon]] was in a superior class to the Commodore—in Fordspeak a D class (large) car rather than a C class (medium) car. [...] The only Holden to directly compete with the [[Ford XD Falcon|XD Falcon]] was the aged Kingswood."</ref> the smaller Commodore was predictably more fuel-efficient.<ref>[[#Wright (1998)|Wright (1998)]], p. 250. "Because the Commodore was significantly lighter than the Kingswood, any given engine delivered superior fuel economy..."</ref> This downsizing was first seen as a major disadvantage for Holden, as they had effectively relinquished the potential of selling Commodores to the [[fleet vehicle|fleet]] and [[taxicab|taxi]] industries.<ref>[[#Wright (1998)|Wright (1998)]], p. 265. "The taxi industry put interior space at a premium and so, in many cases, did government and private industry fleet buyers. Every Commodore not sold into a fleet—because the car was perceived as too small, too expensive, or both—generally meant the sale of a Ford instead."</ref> These sales losses were thought to be unrecoverable; however, the [[1979 energy crisis]] saw Australian oil prices rise by 140&nbsp;percent, putting substantial strain on the automotive industry to collectively downsize, a change that Holden had already done.<ref name = "Robinson (2006), p. 24"/>

=== {{anchor|VC}} VC (1980–1981) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VC)}}{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 
| image1 = 1980-1981 Holden VC Commodore L sedan 04.jpg
| caption1 = VC Commodore SL sedan
| image2 = 1980-1981 Holden VC Commodore L station wagon 02.jpg
| caption2 = VC Commodore L station wagon
}}
[[File:1980 Holden Commodore (VC) L 1.9 station wagon (2015-07-14) 01.jpg|left|thumb|VC Commodore L]]

The most significant change to the VC Commodore of March 1980 was the engine upgrading to "XT5" specification. Now painted blue and thus known as the ''[[Holden motor#Blue|Blue]]'' [[straight-six engine|straight-sixes]] and [[Holden V8 engine|Holden V8s]], these replaced the ''[[Holden motor#Red|Red]]'' units fitted to the VB and earlier cars.<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 61. "In March 1980, the VC Commodore was released. [...] The big news for the VC was the upgrading of all engines to XT5 specifications. Blue sixes and V8s replaced the Red units in the VB and earlier Holdens".</ref> Changes included a new twelve-port [[cylinder head]], redesigned [[combustion chamber]]s, [[Inlet manifold|inlet]] and [[exhaust manifold]]s, a new two-barrel [[carburetor|carburettor]] .<ref>[[#Gribble (1980)|Gribble (1980)]], p. 23. "The L6 has a new cylinder head with separate ports (six inlet and six exhaust), larger valves and revised combustion chambers. Also new is a two-barrel Varajet carburettor and re-designed inlet and dual exhaust manifolds. [...] A Bosch high energy breakerless ignition system has been incorporated..."</ref> Tweaks and changes to the V8s surrounded the implementation of electronic ignition, revised cylinder head and inlet manifold design and the fitment of a four-barrel carburettor on the 4.2-litre variant. These changes brought improved efficiency, increased outputs and aided driveability.<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 61. "The V8s received new heads, inlet manifold and electronic ignition (and four-barrel carburettor for the 4.2-litre). Major improvements were made to power output, driveability and economy."</ref> In response to increasing [[price of petroleum|oil prices]], a [[Straight-four engine|four-cylinder]] variant was spawned in June 1980.<ref>[[#Tuckey (1999)|Tuckey (1999)]], p. 89–90. "In June 1980, after the second oil shock, came the four-cylinder Commodore."</ref> [[Engine displacement|Displacing]] 1.9-litres, this powerplant known as ''[[Holden motor#Starfire|Starfire]]'' was effectively Holden's existing straight-six with two cylinders removed. The four's peak power output of {{convert|58|kW||abbr=on}} and torque rated at {{convert|140|Nm|ftlbf|0|abbr=on}} meant its performance was compromised.<ref>[[#Norton (2008)|Norton (2008)]], p. 80. "An interesting introduction was the fitting of Holden's 1.9&nbsp;litre "Starfire" four cylinder in L and SL. [...] the Starfire was GMH's six cylinder engine literally with two cylinder lopped off. [...] The engine was not a fast nor high revver nor particularly impressive economy wise [...] The Starfire was regarded as lacking power and performance."</ref><ref>[[#Robinson (1980)|Robinson (1980)]], p. 28.</ref> Reports indicate that the need to push the engine hard to extract performance led to real-world [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel consumption]] similar to the straight-sixes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vc.htm |title=Holden Commodore VC |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=15 June 2007 |archive-date=16 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616124726/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vc.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:1980 HDT Commodore (VC) sedan 03.jpg|thumb|Interior]]

Holden's emphasis on fuel economy extended beyond powertrains, with a fuel consumption [[Pressure measurement|vacuum gauge]] replacing the [[tachometer]] throughout the range, although this could be optioned back with the sports instrumentation package.<ref>[[#Gribble (1980)|Gribble (1980)]], p. 22. "Another indication of the fuel saving image is the fact that the vacuum gauge fuel meter becomes standard throughout the range, with a tachometer available only with the optional sports instrumentation package."</ref> Visual changes were limited: the relocation of the [[Logo|corporate crest]] to the centre of the redesigned [[Grille (car)|grille]], black-coloured trim applied to the [[Automotive lighting#Rear position lights (tail lights)|tail lamp]] surrounds on sedans, and the embossment of model badging into the side rubbing strips. The previously undesignated base car, was now the Commodore L, opening up the range for a new unbadged sub-level car.<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 61. "The model lineup was basically as before with the base Commodore now badged as the Commodore L. Externally, the VC could be identified by its egg-grate-style grille, with the lion and HOLDEN badge in the centre, black trim added to the sedan tail-lights and model badging now set into the leading edge of the rubbing strip on the front doors."</ref> This delete option model, was de-specified and available only to [[fleet vehicle|fleet]] customers.<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 62. "A9K fleet package (with many items deleted) available on L sedan and station wagon."</ref> On the premium Commodore SL/E, a resurrected "Shadowtone" exterior paint option became available in a limited range of dark-over-light colour combinations.<ref>[[#Jeeves (2008)|Jeeves (2008)]], p. 70. "The VC SL/E offered a Shadowtone dark over light paint finish..."</ref> According to contemporary reviews, changes made to the VC's steering produced a heavier feel and inclined [[understeer]], while the revised suspension gave a softer ride and addressed concerns raised while riding fully laden.<ref>[[#Lake (1980)|Lake (1980)]], p. 22. "[[General Motors|The General]] decided that the Commodore should have softer ride and, at the same time, improved handling while fully laden with passengers and luggage. [...] All who drove the VC found it heavier in the steering, [... and] the VC was more inclined to understeer".</ref>

=== {{anchor|VH}} VH (1981–1984) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VH)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = 1981-1984 Holden VH Commodore SL sedan 01.jpg
| image2 = 1981-1984 Holden VH Commodore SLX station wagon 01.jpg
| footer = 
| caption1 = VH Commodore SL sedan
| caption2 = VH Commodore SLX station wagon
}}
[[File:1982 Holden Commodore 3.3 (VH) (26672894339) (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|VH Commodore]]

The VH series Commodore introduced in September 1981 brought moderately updated frontal bodywork, with a new [[hood (vehicle)|bonnet]] and front [[fender (vehicle)|guards]] to facilitate the reshaped headlamps and a horizontally slatted [[Grille (car)|grille]].<ref>[[#Bebbington (2009)|Bebbington (2009)]], p. 84. "VH Commodore introduced in September 1981 [...] received Australian designed front guards, bonnet, grille, headlights and new louvre style sedan tail-lights".</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/holden_commodore_VH_technical_specifications.htm |title=Holden Commodore VH Technical Specifications |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=15 June 2007 |archive-date=29 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629052210/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/holden_commodore_VH_technical_specifications.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> These front-end design changes worked to produce a longer, yet wider look. At the rear, sedans featured redesigned tail light clusters, the design of which borrowed from [[Mercedes-Benz]] models of the day, using a louvered design.<ref name = "Holden Commodore VH">{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vh.htm |title=Holden Commodore VH |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=15 June 2007 |archive-date=16 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616101054/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vh.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> At the same time, the [[nomenclature]] of the range was rationalised. The SL superseded the L as the base model, with the old SL level becoming the mid-range SL/X, and the SL/E remaining as the top-of-the-line variant.<ref>[[#Bebbington (2009)|Bebbington (2009)]], p. 84. "The L model became SL, the middle trim level (previously SL), became SL/X. The SL/E nameplate remained unaltered."</ref> Wagons were restricted to the SL and SL/X trims.<ref>[[#Jeeves (2008)|Jeeves (2008)]], p. 73.</ref> Redesigned pentagonal [[alloy wheel]]s<ref>[[#Bebbington (2009)|Bebbington (2009)]], p. 84. "New pentagonal patterned alloy wheels for SL/E."</ref>—replacing the original SL/E type used since 1978<ref>[[#Davis, Wright (1994)|Davis, Wright (1994)]], p. 10. "...on the VH SL/E [...] new alloy wheels replaced the original design that had been used since 1978".</ref>—along with a black painted [[Pillar (automobile)|B-pillar]], wrap-around [[chrome plating|chrome]] rear [[bumper (automobile)|bumper]] extensions to the [[fender (vehicle)|wheel arches]],<ref>Image comparison of VH Commodore: [[commons:File:1981-1984 Holden VH Commodore SLX sedan 01.jpg|SL/X sedan]] and [[commons:File:1981-1984 Holden VH Commodore SLE sedan 01.jpg|SL/E sedan]].</ref> and extended tail lamps that converged with the [[license plate]] alcove—distinguished the range-topping SL/E from other variants.<ref name = "Holden Commodore VH"/> The new pentagonal wheels were initially in short supply, such that only Shadowtone option SL/E sedans received them during 1981 production.

[[File:Holden Commodore SLX (1981-1984 VH series) 06.jpg|left|thumb|Interior]]

Mechanical specifications carried over, except for a new five-speed [[manual transmission]], optional on the 1.9-litre four-cylinder and 2.85-litre six-cylinder versions.<ref>[[#McKay (1981)|McKay (1981)]], p. 27. "The engineering standouts are the availability of a five-speed manual transmission as an option with the 1.9-litre four-cylinder and 2.8-litre six-cylinder models".</ref> In an attempt to improve sales figures of the [[straight-four engine]], Holden spent considerable time improving its performance and efficiency. Modifications were also made to the 2.85-litre six to lift economy, and the powerplants managed to reduce [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel consumption]] by as much as 12.5 and 14&nbsp;percent, correspondingly.<ref name = "Holden Commodore VH"/><ref>[[#McKay (1981)|McKay (1981)]], p. 27–28. "Because the 3.3 was upgraded during the VC development programme, it was decided to concentrate on lifting the efficiency of the smaller 2.8 six. Likewise, the four-cylinder 1.9 Starfire, criticised for its thirst and lack of throttle response, was the other major project. The engineering refinements have resulted in heartening gains in fuel economy, while maintaining performance."</ref> Holden released the sports-oriented Commodore SS sedan in September 1982<ref name = "Bebbington (2009), p. 84">[[#Bebbington (2009)|Bebbington (2009)]], p. 84. "Another limited-edition model was the Commodore SS [...] released in September 1982. [...] SS models were powered by the 4.2-litre V8 engine, matted to [a] 4-speed gearbox. The 5.0-litre V8 was optional."</ref>—reintroducing a nameplate used briefly ten years prior with the [[Holden HQ|HQ]] series.<ref>[[#Bebbington (2009)|Bebbington (2009)]], p. 51.</ref> Provisioned with a choice of 4.2- or optional 5.0-litre V8 engines, both versions of the VH SS were teamed with a four-speed manual transmission.<ref name = "Bebbington (2009), p. 84"/> Racing driver [[Peter Brock]]'s [[Holden Dealer Team#Brock HDT special vehicles|Holden Dealer Team]] (HDT) high performance outfit produced three upgraded versions, known as ''Group One'', ''Group Two'' and ''Group Three'', the latter version available in either 4.2-litre or more commonly 5.0-litre V8 configuration.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Butler |first1=Glenn |last2=Short |first2=Mark |date=16 July 2006 |url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/history-of-brock-commodores-20060918-13z6b.html |title=History of Brock Commodores |work=Drive |access-date=15 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722054407/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/history-of-brock-commodores-20060918-13z6b.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

By the time of the VH series, Commodore sales were beginning to decline. [[Holden motor|Holden's six-cylinder engine]], which was carried over from the [[Holden Kingswood|Kingswood]], could trace its roots back to 1963 and was no longer competitive.<ref name = "Crossing the Lion"/> Continual improvements made to Commodore's [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]] rival meant the VH was not significantly more fuel-efficient or better performing despite the smaller size.<ref name = "Crossing the Lion"/><ref>[[#Wright (1998)|Wright (1998)]], p. 269. "[T]he smaller Commodore could not dramatically outperform the Falcon in the fuel economy stakes."</ref> This was curtailed by the absence of any major [[powertrain]] revisions by the time of the VH and the lack of visual departure from the original VB.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 24. "Sales of the Commodore faltered. The third 1981 VH model looked far too similar to the VB [...] and introduced no significant new engine technologies".</ref> Holden also had to deal with the influx of their own mid-size [[Holden Camira|Camira]] from 1982, which presented comparable interior volume with lower fuel consumption, and for less than the Commodore pricing point. Camira sales were strong initially, but as fuel prices had stabilised, buyers gravitated away from Camira and Commodore towards the larger Falcon, which overtook the Commodore as Australia's bestselling car for the first time in 1982.<ref name = "Crossing the Lion"/><ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 24. "In 1982, the year of its launch and in the wake of the second oil shock, there were those inside [Holden] who believed the Camira [...] could become the national bestseller. Sales flared initially at the expense of the Commodore. [...] Just as Australians were slowly coming to the renationalisation that a big country deserved big cars, [...] fuel prices had stabilised and supply was no longer an issue."</ref><ref>[[#Wright (1998)|Wright (1998)]], p. 270. "Then came the [[Ford XE Falcon|XE]], giving the Falcon leadership over its rival for 1982".</ref>

=== {{anchor|VK}} VK (1984–1986) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VK)}}
{{multiple image
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| width = 
| image1 = 1984-1986 Holden VK Commodore SL sedan 03.jpg
| caption1 = VK Commodore SL sedan
| image2 = Holden Commodore Berlina stationwagon (25884836557) (cropped).jpg
| caption2 = VK Commodore Berlina station wagon
}}
[[File:1984-1986 Holden VK Commodore SL sedan 01.jpg|left|thumb|VK Commodore SL sedan]]

Representing the first major change since the VB original, the VK model of 1984 introduced a six-window glasshouse, as opposed to the previous four-window design, to make the Commodore appear larger.<ref name = "WheelsVEMag 155">Butler, Dowling, Hagon, Newton, p. 155</ref> The revised design helped stimulate sales, which totalled 135,000 in two years. This did not put an end to Holden's monetary woes. Sales of the initially popular [[Holden Camira|Camira]] slumped due to unforeseen quality issues,<ref name = "carpoint"/> while the [[Holden WB]] series commercial vehicle range and the [[Statesman WB]] luxury models were starting to show their age; their 1971 origins compared unfavourably with [[Ford Australia|Ford's]] more modern Falcon and [[Ford Fairlane (Australia)|Fairlane]] models.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fordfalconfacts.com/model-specs/fairlane-ltd/zj-fairlane-fc-ltd-1979-1982/ |title=ZJ Fairlane / FC LTD |publisher=Falcon Facts |access-date=5 April 2010 |archive-date=17 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617195559/http://fordfalconfacts.com/model-specs/fairlane-ltd/zj-fairlane-fc-ltd-1979-1982/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

New names for the trim levels were also introduced, such as Commodore Executive (an SL with [[air conditioning]] and [[automatic transmission]]), Commodore Berlina (replacing SL/X) and Calais (replacing SL/E).<ref name = "VK">{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vk.htm |title=Holden Commodore VK |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=16 June 2007 |archive-date=16 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616100325/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vk.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The 3.3-litre ''[[Holden motor#Blue|Blue]]'' [[straight-six engine]] was replaced by the ''[[Holden motor#Black|Black]]'' specification, gaining computer-controlled ignition systems on the carburettor versions and optional electronic [[fuel injection]] boosting power output to {{convert|106|kW|hp|abbr=on}}.<ref>Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 89</ref> The 5.0-litre [[V8 engine]] continued to power high specification variants, but was shrunk from 5,044&nbsp;cc to 4,987&nbsp;cc in 1985 due to new [[Group A]] racing [[homologation]] rules. The new car cut its predecessor's weight by {{convert|75|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} and models were fitted with an upgraded braking system. As high oil prices became a thing of the past, Holden decided to drop the 2.85- six and 4.2-litre V8,<ref name = "WheelsVEMag 155"/> while the 1.9-litre four-cylinder was limited to New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redbookasiapacific.com/nz/vehicle/specs.php?key=HOLD84BI |title=1984 Holden Commodore |work=Red Book |publisher=Automotive Data Services |access-date=9 August 2007 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060814/http://www.redbookasiapacific.com/nz/vehicle/specs.php?key=HOLD84BI |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{clear}}

=== {{anchor|VL}} VL (1986–1988) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VL)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 
| image1 = 1988 Holden Commodore (VL) Berlina sedan (2015-07-14) 02.jpg
| caption1 = VL Berlina sedan
| image2 = 1988 Holden Commodore (VL) Executive station wagon (20948238235).jpg
| caption2 = VL Executive station wagon
}}
[[File:Commodore Berlina wagon (New Zealand).jpg|left|thumb|VL Commodore Berlina wagon]]
[[File:1987 Holden Calais (VL) sedan (2015-07-14) 01.jpg|left|thumb|VL Calais sedan]]

Marking a high point in terms of sales, the last-of-the-series VL Commodore sold in record numbers, finally managing to outsell the [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]] in the private sector.<ref name="HH13 Part2 94-95">Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 94</ref> The 1986 VL represented a substantial makeover of the VK and would be the last of the [[Mid-size car|mid-size]] Commodores for 30 years. Designers distanced the Commodore further away from its [[Opel]] origins, by smoothing the lines of the outer body and incorporating a subtle tail [[spoiler (automotive)|spoiler]]. A thorough redesign of the nose saw the Commodore gain sleek, narrow headlamps and a shallower grille, while the Calais specification employed unique partially concealed headlamps.<ref>Butler, Dowling, Hagon, Newton, p. 156</ref>

[[File:Holden Commodore Vacationer (1987 VL series) 03.jpg|thumb|Interior]]

By this stage, Holden's 24‑year‑old six-cylinder was thoroughly outmoded and would have been difficult to re-engineer to comply with pending emission standards and the introduction of unleaded fuel. This led Holden to sign a deal with [[Nissan]] of Japan to import their ''[[Nissan RB engine#RB30|RB30E]]'' engine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vl.htm |title=Holden Commodore VL |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=16 June 2007 |archive-date=23 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423150547/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vl.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> This seemed a good idea in 1983 when the Australian dollar was strong; however by 1986 the once viable prospect became rather expensive.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 25</ref> The public quickly accepted what was at first a controversial move, as reports emerged of the improvements in refinement, 33&nbsp;percent gain in power and 15&nbsp;percent better economy over the [[carburetor|carburettor]] version of the VK's ''[[Holden motor#Black|Black]]'' straight-six.<ref name="HH13 Part2 94-95" /> An optional [[turbocharger]] appeared six months later and lifted power output to {{convert|150|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 50. "Midway through 1986 saw the introduction of the lively 150kW turbocharged version of the same six-cylinder engine."</ref><ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 51. "Release dates: Turbo 6: August 1986."</ref> In October 1986, an unleaded edition of Holden's [[carburetor|carburettored]] [[V8 engine]] was publicised.<ref name="HH13 Part2 94-95" /><ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 51. "Release dates: V8: October 1986."</ref> Holden had originally planned to discontinue the V8 to spare the engineering expense of converting to unleaded. However, public outcry persuaded them to relent. VLs in New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand were also available with the 2.0-litre six-cylinder ''[[Nissan RB engine#RB20|RB20E]]'' engine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redbookasiapacific.com/nz/vehicle/specs.php?key=HOLD87BG |title=1987 Holden Commodore |work=Red Book |publisher=Automotive Data Services |access-date=9 August 2007 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060758/http://www.redbookasiapacific.com/nz/vehicle/specs.php?key=HOLD87BG |url-status=live }}</ref>

The VL suffered from some common build quality problems, such as poor [[windshield]] sealing, that can lead to water leakages and [[corrosion]]. Awkward packaging under the low bonnet coupled with Holden's decision to utilise a cross-flow radiator (as opposed to the up-down flow radiator installed to the equivalent Nissan Skyline) meant the six-cylinder engine was especially susceptible to cracked [[cylinder head]]s, a problem not displayed on the [[Nissan Skyline]] with which it shares the ''RB30E'' engine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kenwright |first=Joe |date=1 November 2004 |url=http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2004/medium-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-vl-commodore-198688-3482 |title=Holden VL Commodore (1986–88) |work=CarPoint |access-date=16 June 2007 |archive-date=19 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719205516/http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2004/medium-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-vl-commodore-198688-3482 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Used Car Safety Ratings, published in 2008 by the [[Monash University]] Accident Research Centre, found that first generation Commodores (VB–VL), similarly to the Ford Falcons manufactured during the same years, provide a "worse than average" level of occupant [[Automobile safety|safety protection]] in the event of an [[Traffic collision|accident]].<ref name="Used Car Safety Ratings"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infrastructure.gov.au/roads/safety/publications/2008/pdf/ucsr_08.pdf |title=Used Car Safety Ratings 2008 |publisher=[[Monash University]] |access-date=23 February 2009 |archive-date=6 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906023742/https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/roads/safety/publications/2008/pdf/ucsr_08.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It is perhaps noteworthy however, that the Monash University publication includes in its averages, vehicles manufactured as late as 2006.<ref name="Used Car Safety Ratings" /> As such, and with reasonable necessity, the 2008 Used Car Safety Ratings include comparison of some non-airbag vehicles with later vehicles fitted with airbags. In 1988, it would still be some years before airbags became available to the public on vehicles manufactured in Australia, and, outside of the very high end luxury market, available in Australia at all. As airbag technology later become more available, the Holden Commodore would become one of the first to offer the option (see VR Commodore below).

== Second generation (1988–1997)==
=== {{anchor|VN}} VN (1988–1991) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VN)}}
{{multiple image
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| image1 = 1991 Holden Commodore (VN) LE sedan (2016-01-04) 02.jpg
| caption1 = VN Commodore LE sedan
| image2 = 1989 Holden Commodore (VN) Executive station wagon (2016-01-04) 02.jpg
| caption2 = VN Commodore Executive station wagon
}}
[[File:1988 Holden Calais (VN) sedan (2015-07-14) 01.jpg|left|thumb|VN Calais sedan]]
[[File:Holden Commodore Executive (1988-1990 VN series, New Zealand) 03.jpg|left|thumb|Interior]]

The VN Commodore of 1988 and subsequent second generation models took their bodywork from the larger [[Opel Senator#Senator B (1987–1993)|Opel Senator B]] and new [[Opel Omega#Omega|Opel Omega A]]. However, this time, the floor plan was widened and stretched; now matching the rival [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]] for size. Continuing financial woes at Holden meant the wider VN body was underpinned by narrow, carry-over VL [[chassis]] components in a bid to save development costs.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 23, 26–27</ref> In Australia, for the VN and succeeding models, the Commodore Berlina became known simply as the Berlina (but in New Zealand the V6 VN Berlina, assembled locally until the Trentham factory was closed in 1990, was badged Executive. The Berlina nameplate was not launched, as a new entry level grade, with trim and equipment equivalent to the Australian V6 Executive, until the locally built four cylinder model, using the Australian-made, Opel designed, two-litre Family Two fuel injected engine, was added some months after the V6s).<ref>[[#Bebbington (1998)|Bebbington (1998)]], p. 73. "Note that [VN] Berlina was not badged Commodore."</ref> The range expanded in 1990 to include a [[Coupé utility|utility]] variant, given the model designation VG. This was built on a longer-[[wheelbase]] [[Automobile platform|platform]] that it shared with the station wagon and luxury [[Holden Caprice (VQ)|VQ Statesman]] sedans released earlier in the year.<ref name="HH13 Part2 97-98">Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Two), p. 97–98</ref> During this time, the rival [[Ford Falcon (Australia)#EA|Ford EA Falcon]] was plagued with initial quality issues which tarnished its reputation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_ford_falcon_ea.htm |title=Ford Falcon EA |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=10 February 2008 |archive-date=1 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201031510/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_ford_falcon_ea.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Buyers embraced the VN Commodore, helping Holden to recover and post an operating profit of {{AUD|157.3 million}} for 1989. The team at [[Wheels (magazine)|''Wheels'' magazine]] awarded the VN [[Wheels Car of the Year|Car of the Year]] in 1988: the second Commodore model to receive this award.<ref name="HH13 Part2 97-98" />

Changes in the relative values of the Australian dollar and [[Japanese yen]] made it financially impractical to continue with the well-regarded Nissan engine of the VL. Instead, Holden manufactured their own 3.8-litre [[V6 engine]] based on a [[Buick V6 engine#LN3 Naturally Aspirated|Buick design]], adapted from FWD to RWD.<ref name = "carpoint"/> The 5.0-litre [[V8 engine|V8]] remained optional and received a power boost to {{convert|165|kW|hp|abbr=on}} courtesy of multi-point [[fuel injection]].<ref name = "Holden Commodore VN Technical Specifications">{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/holden_commodore_VN_technical_specifications.htm |title=Holden Commodore VN Technical Specifications |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=21 July 2007 |archive-date=8 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708002237/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/holden_commodore_VN_technical_specifications.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Although not known for its refinement, the new V6 was nevertheless praised for its performance and [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel efficiency]] at the time.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wright |first=John |date=26 February 1999 |url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/used-car-reviews/holden-vn-commodore-20100824-13nd5.html |title=Holden VN Commodore |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=21 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722054438/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/used-car-reviews/holden-vn-commodore-20100824-13nd5.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The 2.0-litre ''[[Family II engine|Family II]]'' engine offered in New Zealand was also offered in some other export markets including Singapore  where the model also was badged Berlina.<ref name = "carpoint"/> Accompanying the changes to engines, the VL's four-speed [[automatic transmission]] was replaced by the ''[[Turbo-Hydramatic]]'' and a [[Borg-Warner T-5 transmission|Borg-Warner]] five-speed [[manual transmission|manual]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vn.htm |title=Holden Commodore VN |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=21 July 2007 |archive-date=22 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522234615/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vn.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> A Series II update of the VN appeared in September 1989, featuring a revised V6 engine known internally as the ''EV6''.<ref name = "Holden Commodore VN Technical Specifications"/> With the update came a power hike of rising to {{convert|127|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} from {{convert|125|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "Holden Commodore VN Technical Specifications"/>

[[File:1989 Toyota Lexcen (T1) sedan (2015-05-29) 01.jpg|thumb|Toyota Lexcen sedan (VN)]]

Under an unsuccessful [[Button car plan|model sharing arrangement]] that was part of the [[Bob Hawke|Hawke]] [[Australian Labor Party|Labor government]] reforms in 1989, which saw the formation of the [[United Australian Automobile Industries]] alliance between Holden and [[Toyota Australia]], the latter began selling [[badge engineering|badge engineered]] versions of the VN Commodore manufactured by Holden.<ref>Earl (2002), p. 28</ref> The rebadged Commodores were sold as the ''Toyota Lexcen'', named after [[Ben Lexcen]], who was the designer of the [[Australia II]] yacht that won the 1983 [[America's Cup]]. The original (VN) T1 Lexcen offered sedan and station wagon body forms in three levels of trim: base, GL and GLX. Moreover, they were only available with a 3.8-litre V6 engine and automatic transmission combination.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 May 2000 |url=http://theage.drive.com.au/used-car-reviews/union--and-demarcation-20100824-13nm5.html |title=Union ... and demarcation |work=[[The Age]] |access-date=29 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706103722/http://theage.drive.com.au/used-car-reviews/union--and-demarcation-20100824-13nm5.html |archive-date=6 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

{{clear}}

=== {{anchor|VP}} VP (1991–1993) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VP)}}
{{multiple image
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| width = 200
| image1 = 1992 Holden Commodore (VP) Executive sedan (2010-07-19).jpg
| image2 = 1992 Holden Commodore (VP) Vacationer station wagon (2009-07-22) 03.jpg
| caption2 = Commodore Vacationer station wagon (VP)
| caption1 = Commodore Executive sedan (VP)
}}
[[File:1993 Holden Commodore (VP II) Executive sedan (2015-11-11) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Executive (VP II)]]

The VP update of 1991 featured cosmetic and mechanical changes, while carrying over the 3.8-litre V6 and 5.0-litre [[V8 engine]]s from the VN. The 2.0-litre [[straight-four engine]] previously available in New Zealand was discontinued.<ref name="VP 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vp.php |title=Holden Commodore VP |publisher=MyHolden.com.au |access-date=25 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920025756/http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vp.php |archive-date=20 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Exterior cosmetic changes included a [[translucent]] [[acrylic glass|acrylic]] [[Grille (car)|grille]] on the base level Executive<ref name = "VP 2">{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vp.htm |title=Holden Commodore VP |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=25 July 2007 |archive-date=22 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522073650/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vp.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and Berlina, with a colour-coded grille for the S and SS, and a chrome grille for Calais. Updated tail lights and boot garnishes were also a part of the changes, which were different for each model, with the Berlina having grey stripes and the Calais chrome stripes. [[Trailing arm|semi-trailing arm]] [[independent suspension|independent rear suspension]] became standard on the Calais and SS, but was made an option on lower-end models in lieu of the [[live axle|live rear axle]], improving ride and handling.<ref name = "VP 1"/>

A new wider front track was introduced to address issues with the previous carried-over VL chassis components.<ref>{{cite web |last=Morley |first=David |date=25 May 2005 |url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/used-car-reviews/holden-commodore-vx-20100824-13of8.html |title=Holden Commodore VX |access-date=11 February 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722054459/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/used-car-reviews/holden-commodore-vx-20100824-13of8.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In August 1992, [[Anti-lock braking system|anti-lock brakes]] were introduced as an option on the Calais and SS trim levels, later becoming optional on all Series II variants. This January 1993 update also included a colour-coded grille for the Executive and [[alloy wheel]]s for the Commodore S.<ref name = "VP 2"/>

[[File:1991-1992 Toyota Lexcen (T2) CSi sedan (2010-12-28) 01.jpg|thumb|Toyota Lexcen (VP) CSi sedan]]

Toyota's pattern of updating their Lexcen model tended to follow Commodore's model cycle. The T2 (VP) Lexcen from 1991 pioneered new specification designations: CSi, VXi and Newport. All future updates T3 (VR), T4 (VS), and T5 (VS II) Lexcens made use of the new naming system until 1997, when the [[badge engineering]] scheme ceased. To give further differentiation to the Lexcen from the Commodore, the Lexcens from the VP model onwards had unique front-end styling treatments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://redbook.com.au/used-cars/results.aspx?Ns=p_Year_String%7C0%7Cp_MonthGroup_String%7C1%7Cp_Make_String%7C0%7Cp_ClassificationType_String%7C0%7Cp_Family_String%7C0%7Cp_SequenceNum_Int32%7C0&N=2994%204294942755%204294842733&TabId=1407342 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083753/http://www.redbook.com.au/used-cars/results.aspx?Ns=p_Year_String%7C0%7Cp_MonthGroup_String%7C1%7Cp_Make_String%7C0%7Cp_ClassificationType_String%7C0%7Cp_Family_String%7C0%7Cp_SequenceNum_Int32%7C0&N=2994%204294942755%204294842733&TabId=1407342 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=Toyota Lexcen |work=Red Book |publisher=Automotive Data Services |access-date=5 April 2010}}</ref>

{{clear}}

=== {{anchor|VR}} VR (1993–1995) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VR)}}
[[File:1995 Holden Commodore (VR II) Executive sedan (2011-11-30) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Executive sedan (VR II)]]
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 
| image1            = 1994 Holden Berlina (VR II) sedan (26832440226) (cropped).jpg
| caption1          = Berlina sedan (VR II)
| image2            = 1994-1995 Holden VR II Commodore Executive station wagon 05.jpg
| caption2          = Commodore Executive station wagon (VR II)
}}

The 1993 VR Commodore represented a major facelift of the second generation architecture leaving only the doors and roof untouched.<ref name="VR">{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vr.htm |title=Holden Commodore VR |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=26 July 2007 |archive-date=16 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616100239/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vr.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Approximately 80&nbsp;percent of car was new in comparison to the preceding model. Exterior changes brought an overall smoother body, semicircular wheel arches and the "twin-kidney" [[Grille (car)|grille]]—a Commodore styling trait which remained until the VX and VU Commodore model ended production in 2003.<ref name="1993 Holden VR Commodore">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Graham |date=6 September 2002 |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/holden-vr-commodore/story-e6frfj7f-1111112104526 |title=1993 Holden VR Commodore |work=[[Herald Sun]] |access-date=21 February 2008 |archive-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302132626/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/holden-vr-commodore/story-e6frfj7f-1111112104526 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:1994-1995 Holden VR II Commodore SS sedan 06.jpg|left|thumb|Holden VR Commodore Interior Front Seat|alt=Holden VR Commodore Interior Front Seat showing dash and steering wheel]]

The rear-end treatment saw raised [[Automotive lighting#Rear position lights (tail lights)|tail lights]], implemented for safety reasons, and a driver's side [[airbag]] was introduced as an option: a first for an Australian-built car.<ref>Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Three), p. 98</ref> Other safety features such as [[Anti-lock braking system|anti-lock brakes]] and [[independent suspension|independent rear suspension]] were only available with the new electronic ''[[GM 4L60-E transmission|GM 4L60-E]]'' [[automatic transmission]].<ref name="VR" /> Along with a driver's airbag and [[cruise control]], these features were packaged into a new Acclaim specification level: a family-oriented safety spec above the entry-level Executive.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.users.on.net/~%20nweber/commodore/vr/index.html |title=Holden Commodore / Calais VR Series July 1993 – April 1995 |publisher=Unofficial Holden Commodore Archive |access-date=26 July 2007 |archive-date=19 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019190458/http://www.users.on.net/~%20nweber/commodore/vr/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Holden's strong focus on safety can be seen in the Used Car Safety Ratings. The findings show that in an [[Traffic collision|accident]], VN/VP Commodores provide a "worse than average" level of occupant protection. However, the updated VR/VS models were found to provide a "better than average" level of [[Automobile safety|safety protection]].<ref name="Used Car Safety Ratings" /> Holden issued a Series II revision in September 1994 bringing audible [[warning chime]]s for the handbrake and fuel level among other changes.<ref name="VR" />

[[File:1993-1995 Toyota Lexcen (T3) CSi station wagon 02.jpg|thumb|Toyota Lexcen CSi station wagon (VR)]]

The latest revision of the [[Buick V6 engine#L27 Naturally Aspirated|Buick 3.8-litre V6 engine]] was fitted to the VR Commodore, featuring [[rolling-element bearing]]s in the valve [[rocker arm]]s and increased compression ratios.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vr.php |title=Holden Commodore VR |publisher=MyHolden.com.au |access-date=26 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921030837/http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vr.php |archive-date=21 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> These changes combined to deliver an increase in power to {{convert|130|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and further improvement in [[noise, vibration, and harshness]] levels.<ref name = "1993 Holden VR Commodore"/> [[Wheels (magazine)|''Wheels'' magazine]] awarded the VR Commodore [[Wheels Car of the Year|Car of the Year]] in 1993.<ref>Butler, Dowling, Hagon, Newton, p. 157</ref>

{{clear}}

=== {{anchor|VS}} VS (1995–1997) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VS)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = 1996-1997 Holden VS II Calais sedan 05.jpg
| image2 = 1995-1996 Holden VS Commodore Executive station wagon 03.jpg
| caption2 = Commodore Executive wagon (VS)
| caption1 = Calais sedan (VS II)
}}
[[File:1997 Holden Commodore (VS II) Acclaim sedan (2015-11-11) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Acclaim (VS II)]]

The 1995 VS Commodore served as a mechanical update of the VR, destined to maintain sales momentum before the arrival of an all-new VT model. The extent of exterior changes amounted to little more than a redesigned Holden logo and wheel trims.<ref name = "VS">{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vs.htm |title=Holden Commodore VS |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=1 August 2007 |archive-date=12 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112225906/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vs.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> An overhauled ''[[Ecotec]]'' (Emissions and Consumption Optimisation through TEChnology) version of the [[Buick V6 engine#Series II|Buick V6 engine]] coincided with changes to the engine in the United States. The ''Ecotec'' engine packed 13&nbsp;percent more power for a total of {{convert|147|kW|hp|abbr=on}}, cut [[fuel economy in automobiles|fuel consumption]] by 5&nbsp;percent, increased the [[compression ratio]] from 9.0:1 to 9.4:1 and improved on the engine's previous rough characteristics. Holden mated the new engine with a modified version of the ''[[GM 4L60-E transmission|GM 4L60-E]]'' [[automatic transmission]], improving throttle response and smoothing gear changes.<ref name = "VS"/> The Series II update of June 1996 included elliptical [[Automotive lighting#Side turn signals|side turn signals]], interior tweaks and the introduction of a [[Buick V6 engine#L67 SII Supercharged|supercharged V6 engine]] for selected trim levels, and the introduction of a new Getrag manual transmission.<ref name = "VS"/> The new supercharged engine slotted between the existing V6 and V8 engines in the lineup and was officially rated at {{convert|165|kW|hp|abbr=on}}, just {{convert|3|kW|hp|abbr=on}} below the V8.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vs.php |title=Holden Commodore VS |publisher=MyHolden.com.au |access-date=7 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908023435/http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vs.php |archive-date=8 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[File:1995 Toyota Lexcen (T4) CSi sedan (22644600913).jpg|thumb|Toyota Lexcen (VS) CSi sedan]]

The VS Commodore was the last to be sold as a Toyota Lexcen, as Holden and Toyota ended their model-sharing scheme.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mynrma.com.au/cps/rde/xchg/mynrma/hs.xsl/holden_vs_commodore_used_car.htm |title=NRMA Used Car Review – Holden Commodore VS I & II |publisher=[[NRMA]] |access-date=23 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927025417/http://www.mynrma.com.au/cps/rde/xchg/mynrma/hs.xsl/holden_vs_commodore_used_car.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The last Lexcens were built during 1997.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://redbook.com.au/used-cars/results.aspx?Ns=p_Year_String%7C1%7Cp_MonthGroup_String%7C1%7Cp_Make_String%7C0%7Cp_ClassificationType_String%7C0%7Cp_Family_String%7C0%7Cp_SequenceNum_Int32%7C0&N=2994%204294942755%204294842733&TabId=1407342 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033706/http://www.redbook.com.au/used-cars/results.aspx?Ns=p_Year_String%7C1%7Cp_MonthGroup_String%7C1%7Cp_Make_String%7C0%7Cp_ClassificationType_String%7C0%7Cp_Family_String%7C0%7Cp_SequenceNum_Int32%7C0&N=2994%204294942755%204294842733&TabId=1407342 |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 March 2016 |title=Toyota Lexcen |work=Red Book |publisher=Automotive Data Services |access-date=5 April 2010}}</ref> This model was also sold as the [[Holden Royale|VS Commodore Royale]] in New Zealand. Similar in specification to the Calais also sold in New Zealand, the Royale featured a standard VS Commodore body with the front end from the [[Holden Caprice#VS|VS Caprice]] and an [[Opel]] 2.6-litre ''[[GM 54-Degree V6 engine#2.6|54-Degree]]'' V6 engine. The Royale was also sold between 1995 and 1997 in small numbers to [[Malaysia]] and Singapore as the Opel Calais.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.redbookasiapacific.com/my/vehicle/index.php?make=OPEL&family=PSCALAIS |title=Opel Calais |work=Red Book |publisher=Automotive Data Services |access-date=25 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060839/http://www.redbookasiapacific.com/my/vehicle/index.php?make=OPEL&family=PSCALAIS |archive-date=28 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bLlOAAAAIBAJ&pg=2420%2C1515386 |title=An Investment In Luxury. The Opel Calais |work=[[New Straits Times]] |location=Malaysia |page=3 |date=5 June 1995 |access-date=10 September 2017 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415045834/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bLlOAAAAIBAJ&pg=2420,1515386 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{clear}}

== Third generation (1997–2007)==
=== {{anchor|VT}} VT (1997–2000) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VT)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = 1997-1999 Holden VT Commodore Acclaim sedan 06.jpg
| caption1 = Commodore Acclaim sedan (VT)
| image2 = 1997 Holden Commodore (VT) Acclaim station wagon (2015-07-03).jpg
| caption2 = Commodore Acclaim station wagon (VT)
}}
[[File:1999 Holden Commodore (VT) Executive sedan (2016-01-04) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Executive (VT)]]
[[File:1999 Holden Commodore (VT) SS sedan (2010-09-23) 01 (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Commodore SS (VT)]]

With the VT Commodore of 1997, Holden looked again to [[Opel]] in Germany for a donor platform. The proposal was to take the [[Opel Omega#Omega B|Opel Omega B]] and broaden the vehicle's width and mechanical setup for [[Environment of Australia|local conditions]]. In the early days, Holden considered adopting the Omega as is, save for the engines and transmissions, and even investigated reskinning the existing VR/VS architecture.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 27</ref> Later on, the VT [[coachbuilder|bodywork]] spawned a new generation of [[Holden Caprice#WH|Statesman and Caprice]] (again based on the long-wheelbase wagons),<ref name = "carpoint"/> and even went as far as resurrecting the iconic [[Holden Monaro|Monaro]] coupé of the 1960s and 1970s<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 29</ref> via a prototype presented at the 1998 [[Australian International Motor Show|Sydney Motor Show]].

[[File:Holden Commodore Executive (2000 VT II series) 03.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Executive interior (VT II)]]

The VT heralded the fitment of [[trailing arm|semi-trailing arm]] [[independent suspension|independent rear suspension]] as standard across the range, a significant selling point over the rival Falcon,<ref>{{cite web |date=10 January 2003 |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/holden-vt-commodore/story-e6frfj7f-1111112105070 |title=1997–99 Holden VT Commodore |work=[[Herald Sun]] |access-date=5 August 2007 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614125059/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/holden-vt-commodore/story-e6frfj7f-1111112105070 |url-status=live }}</ref> along with increased electronics such as Traction Control. However, in terms of suspension, the original Opel design was simplified by removing the [[toe (automotive)|toe]] control links<ref name = "carpoint"/> that was standard equipment on the European Omega since 1987.<ref name = "carpoint">{{cite web |last=Kenwright |first=Joe |url=http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2005/large-passenger/ford/commodore/holden-vt-vx-commodore-19972002-and-ford-falcon-au-19982002-4777 |title=Holden VT/VX Commodore (1997–2002) AND Ford Falcon AU (1998–2002) |work=CarPoint |access-date=5 August 2007 |archive-date=30 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430110300/http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2005/large-passenger/ford/commodore/holden-vt-vx-commodore-19972002-and-ford-falcon-au-19982002-4777 |url-status=live }}</ref> Consequently, this afflicted the VT with excessive tyre wear due to distortions to the suspension [[camber angle]] and toe under heavy load, such as heavy towing or when travelling over undulated surfaces.

Notably, Holden's performance arm [[Holden Special Vehicles|HSV]] re-added the toe control link on the flagship [[HSV GTS 300|GTS 300]] model.<ref name = "carpoint"/> The 1999 Series II update replaced the venerable Holden 5.0-litre [[V8 engine]] with a new 5.7-litre ''[[GM LS engine#LS1|Generation III]]'' V8 sourced from the United States.<ref name = "carpoint"/> The V8 was detuned to {{convert|220|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} from the original US version, but would receive incremental power upgrades to {{convert|250|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} throughout its time in the Commodore,<ref>Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Three), p. 107, 120</ref> before finally being replaced by the related ''[[GM LS engine#L76|Generation 4]]'' in the [[#VZ|VZ]].<ref name = "Holden Commodore SS sedan">{{cite web |last=McDonald |first=Neil |date=28 April 2006 |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/2A619C31EF6E0498CA25715E00082D41 |title=Holden Commodore SS sedan |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=7 August 2007 |archive-date=1 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401130615/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/2A619C31EF6E0498CA25715E00082D41 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[supercharger|supercharged]] V6 was uprated to {{convert|171|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} from the VS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vt.php |title=Holden Commodore VT |publisher=MyHolden.com.au |access-date=7 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212125907/http://www.myautomotiveforum.com.au/commodores/vt.php |archive-date=12 December 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Safety wise, side [[airbag]]s became an option for the Acclaim and higher models, a first for Holden.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vt.htm |title=Holden Commodore VT |publisher=Unique Cars and Parts |access-date=6 August 2007 |archive-date=2 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070402014305/http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore_vt.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

From the onset, parent company General Motors was interested in incorporating a [[driving on the left or right|left-hand drive]] Commodore in its [[Buick]] lineup, as manifested by the unveiling of the Buick XP2000 [[concept car]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=MacKenzie |first=Angus |date=10 January 2008 |url=http://blogs.motortrend.com/6225351/miscellaneous/pontiac-g8-what-a-long-strange-trip-its-been/index.html |title=Pontiac G8: What a long, strange trip it's been |magazine=[[Motor Trend]] |access-date=30 March 2008 |archive-date=15 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080515195816/http://blogs.motortrend.com/6225351/miscellaneous/pontiac-g8-what-a-long-strange-trip-its-been/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Although this idea was ultimately abandoned (due to pressures by the North American automotive trade unions to retain local production), the GM-funded project allowed Holden to enter into a range of left-hand export markets.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 38</ref> Thus began the Commodore's rapid expansion into parts of [[Indochina]], the Middle East and South Africa badged as the [[Chevrolet Lumina]] and [[Brazil]] as the [[Chevrolet Omega]] 3.8 V6.<ref name="Next Car">{{cite web |date=21 January 2005 |url=http://www.nextcar.com.au/n.holden.2004.exports.05jan.html |title=Holden Sets All-Time Vehicle Export Record |publisher=Next Car |access-date=3 August 2007 |archive-date=30 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830104117/http://www.nextcar.com.au/n.holden.2004.exports.05jan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In its home market, the VT series was awarded the 1997 [[Wheels Car of the Year|''Wheels'' Car of the Year]] award, the fourth such award in Commodore's history.<ref>Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Three), p. 107</ref> It found ready acceptance in the market as many buyers steered away from the slow selling [[Ford AU Falcon]], becoming the best selling Commodore to date and cementing its place as number one in Australian sales.<ref name = "carpoint"/>

The sedan and wagon range comprised: Commodore Executive (base and fleet package); Commodore Acclaim (family and safety package); Berlina (luxury package) and Calais (sedan-only sport luxury package). Limited editions included a "Sydney 2000" Olympic version and Holden 50th Anniversary based on better equipped Executive models (e.g. Berlina alloy wheels on the former but no climate control).

=== {{anchor|VX}} VX (2000–2002) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VX)}}{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 
| image1 = 2002 Holden Commodore (VX II) Equipe sedan (2015-07-14) 02.jpg
| image2 = 2001-2002 Holden VX II Berlina sedan 11.jpg
| footer = 
| caption2 = Berlina sedan (VX II)
| caption1 = Commodore Equipe sedan (VX II)
| image3 = 2000-2001 Holden VX Commodore Executive station wagon 02.jpg
| caption3 = Commodore Executive station wagon (VX)
}}
[[File:2002 Holden Commodore (VX II) Equipe sedan (2015-07-14) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Equipe sedan (VX II)]]

The VX update from 2000 featured a revised [[headlamp]] design.<ref name="VX">{{cite web |last=Doak |first=Alastair |date=15 March 2001 |url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/styling-edge-tipped-for-new-commodore-diesel-on-holdens-agenda-20100823-13hgw.html |title=Styling edge tipped for new Commodore; Diesel on Holden's agenda |access-date=25 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311003749/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/styling-edge-tipped-for-new-commodore-diesel-on-holdens-agenda-20100823-13hgw.html |archive-date=11 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The VT's rear [[Automotive lighting#Rear position lights (tail lights)|tail lamp]] panel was replaced by two separate light assemblies. Conversely, the luxury-oriented Berlina and Calais sedans continued using a full-width [[Trunk (automobile)|boot]]-lid panel incorporating the [[Vehicle registration plate|registration plate]] and tail lamps.<ref>[[#Lord (2000)|Lord (2000)]], p. 41. "Holden's taken a different tack with Berlina and Calais, separating these high line models from the pleb models with [[Mitsubishi Magna|Magnaesque]] headlight and grille treatment. All VXs have new tail lights, but Berlina and Calais have a full width lense treatment while the rest have body coloured boots."</ref>

The VX series also formed the basis for a new Holden Ute, designated the VU-series. Earlier utility models were instead entitled "Commodore utility".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://onlyrepairmanuals.com/holden/holden-commodore-vt-vx-vy-vu/ |title=Holden Commodore VT VY VX VU Factory Service Manual |access-date=4 March 2013 |archive-date=28 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128030436/http://onlyrepairmanuals.com/holden/holden-commodore-vt-vx-vy-vu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> An updated Series II was launched in early 2002, featuring revised rear suspension system now equipped with toe control links to address the VT's issues.<ref name="Edgar">{{cite web |last=Edgar |first=Julian |date=2 April 2002 |url=http://autoweb.com.au/cms/article.html?&A=1341 |title=New Car Test – Holden Commodore VX Series II Wagon |work=AutoWeb |publisher=Web Publications |access-date=2 July 2007 |archive-date=15 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815112819/http://www.autoweb.com.au/cms/article.html?&A=1341 |url-status=live }}</ref> The VX series also spawned the production version of the re-launched [[Holden Monaro]] (allowing Holden to commence exports to the United States, with this [[coupé]] sold as the [[Pontiac GTO#Fourth generation|Pontiac GTO]]).<ref name="Next Car"/>

[[Automobile safety|Safety]] played a substantial role in the development of the VX model. [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] 5.3 [[Anti-lock braking system|anti-lock brakes]] were made standard on all variants, a first for an Australian manufactured car; and [[traction control system|traction control]] was made available on vehicles equipped with [[manual transmission]]. Extensive research was undertaken to reduce the effects from a side-impact collision through modification of the [[Pillar (automobile)|B-pillars]]. The risk presented by a side-impact collision in a VX fitted without side [[airbag]]s is reduced by 50&nbsp;percent when compared to a similarly specified VT model.<ref>[[#Lord (2000)|Lord (2000)]], p. 37. "The VXs biggest improvement is in passive safety, through minor but extremely effective changes based on extensive research into side impacts. Modifications to the B-pillar improve side impact protection across the board. If you have a side-on collision in a VX not fitted with side airbags, risk of injury is halved compared to a similarly equipped VT. The addition of anti-skid brakes to standard equipment lists of Executive and S models means the entire Commodore range now has Bosch version 5.3 ABS. As well, traction control is now available in combination with manual transmission for the first time."</ref>

{{clear}}

=== {{anchor|VY}} VY (2002–2004) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VY)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 
| image1 = 2002-2003 Holden VY Commodore S sedan 01.jpg
| caption1 = Commodore S sedan (VY)
| image2 = 2003-2004 Holden VY II Berlina station wagon 02.jpg
| caption2 = Berlina station wagon (VY II)
}}
[[File:2004 Holden Commodore (VY II) Equipe station wagon (2011-11-30).jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Equipe station wagon (VY II)]]

The {{AUD|250 million}} VY mid-cycle update of 2002 represented the first major styling shift since the 1997 VT. Designers discarded the rounded front and rear styling of the VT and VX models, adopting more aggressive, angular lines.<ref>[[#Bulmer (2002)|Bulmer (2002)]], p. 74. "Simcoe has added an aggressive new edge to the Commodore, taking to its familiar curves with an angle grinder and tin snips. There's new sheet metal up front [...], while at the rear there are new quarter panels, boot lid and support structures."</ref> The same approach was applied to the interior, whereby the curvaceous [[dashboard]] design was orphaned in favour of an angular, symmetrical design. [[Satin]] chrome plastic now dominated the façade of the [[center console (automobile)|centre console]] stack, and high-end models received fold-out [[cup holder]]s borrowed from fellow GM subsidiary [[Saab Automobile|Saab]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Gover |first=Paul |date=24 January 2003 |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/holden-vy-calais/story-e6frfj7f-1111112105162 |title=2003 Holden VY Calais |work=[[Herald Sun]] |access-date=8 August 2007 |archive-date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614125131/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/holden-vy-calais/story-e6frfj7f-1111112105162 |url-status=live }}</ref> Leaving Eurovox behind, Holden turned towards German electronics manufacturer [[Blaupunkt]] to source audio systems, an arrangement that remained in place until the end of the Holden brand.<ref>Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (Part Three), p. 115</ref>

[[File:2003 Holden VY II Berlina sedan 04.jpg|left|thumb|Berlina interior]]

Engineering wise, Holden kept the changes low key. A revised steering system and tweaked suspension tuning were among some of the changes to sharpen handling precision. Further improvements were made to the ''[[GM LS engine#LS1|Generation III]]'' V8 engine to produce peak power of {{convert|235|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} for sports variants.<ref name = "VY 1">{{cite web |last=Butler |first=Glenn |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2002/large-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-vy-commodore-3524 |title=Holden VY Commodore |work=CarPoint |access-date=9 August 2007 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220132810/http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2002/large-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-vy-commodore-3524 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a bid to recapture the market for low-cost, high-performance cars, Holden created a new SV8 specification level. Based on the entry-level Executive, the SV8 inherited the V8 mechanical package from the SS but made do without the luxury appointments and was sold at a correspondingly lower price.<ref>[[#McCarthy (2002)|McCarthy (2002)]], p. 78. "Meet the stonkin' VY SV8; not so much a bent version of the traditional S pack as an Executive on steroids. Lightest of any 5.7-litre VY Commodore, the SV8 weighs just over 1600kg, wet and willing. This means it is only some 10kg leaner than the SS, with which it shares all the hard-core performance stuff. [...] But the price? Yes, you'll certainly feel the difference here. And you will also notice what the car lacks."</ref> Holden also experimented by releasing a limited edition wagon version of its high-performance SS variant, of which only 850 were built.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holdenssw.htm |title=Holden's wild wagon breaks cover |publisher=WebWombat |access-date=21 October 2006 |archive-date=16 September 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916043434/http://webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holdenssw.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The Series II update added a front [[strut bar]] as standard to the SS, which was claimed to increase rigidity and hence handling. As became the trend, the update raised V8 power, now up {{convert|10|kW|hp|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Butler |first=Glenn |date=1 August 2003 |url=http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2003/large-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-vy-series-ii-3525 |title=Holden VY Series II |work=CaPoint |access-date=2 July 2008 |archive-date=24 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224214805/http://www.carpoint.com.au/reviews/2003/large-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-vy-series-ii-3525 |url-status=live }}</ref> Amendments in the remaining models were confined to new wheels, trims and decals, however, the Calais has taken on a sports-luxury persona as opposed to the discrete luxury character seen in previous models. This repositioning in turn affected the Berlina's standing. The once second-tier model now became the sole luxury model, only overshadowed by the more expensive Calais.<ref>[[#Carey (2003) (VY II)|Carey (2003)]], p. 64–69. "With the Series II update of the VY Commodore line-up, the Calais [... gains] a sport-luxury flavour. [...] The Calais' repositioning means the Berlina becomes the new chrome queen in Holden's hierarchy. Inside, and out, there's more sparkle to the Berlina than before. The other members of the range have been given the usual Series II treatment: a few fresh patterns, colours, and graphics inside, with tiny exterior alterations..."</ref> Coinciding with the VY II models was the first four-door utility model dubbed the [[Holden Ute#VY|Holden Crewman]]. Crewman's underpinnings and body structure while somewhat unusual, shared a fair amount in common with the [[Holden Caprice#WK|Statesman/Caprice]], [[Holden Ute#VY|One tonner]] and the two-door [[Holden Ute#VY|Ute]].<ref>[[#Carey (2003) (Crewman)|Carey (2003)]], p. 59. "What you're looking at is two-thirds of a Statesman, a good proportion of One Tonner, a small helping of Ute, and a dash of concept car."</ref>

In 2003, Holden launched an AWD system that it developed for the VY platform dubbed ''Cross Trac'', at a cost of {{AUD|125 million}}.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 September 2003 |url=http://www.autoweb.com.au/cms/A_55667/title_New-Adventra-All-Wheel-Drive-Wagon-Is-Holdens-Local-Hero/newsarticle.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919180420/http://www.autoweb.com.au/cms/A_55667/title_New-Adventra-All-Wheel-Drive-Wagon-Is-Holdens-Local-Hero/newsarticle.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 September 2008 |title=New Adventra All Wheel Drive Wagon Is Holden's Local Hero |work=AutoWeb |publisher=Web Publications |access-date=7 February 2008 }}</ref> Unveiled after the Series II updates, the first application of this electronically controlled system was the Holden Adventra, a raised VY wagon [[Crossover SUV|crossover]]. The system was only available in combination with the V8 and automatic transmission. Holden chose not to spend extra engineering resources on adapting the AWD system to the 3.8-litre V6, due to be replaced in the upcoming VZ model. Unfortunately for Holden, the Adventra fell well short of expected sales, despite modest targets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/C3303EA40D01A714CA256FA500152F80 |title=Holden Adventra Range |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=7 February 2008 |archive-date=4 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204153241/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/C3303EA40D01A714CA256FA500152F80 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== {{anchor|VZ}} VZ (2004–2007) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VZ)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
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| width = 
| image1 = 2005 Holden Berlina (VZ) sedan (2010-07-05).jpg
| caption1 = Berlina sedan (VZ)
| image2 = 2006 Holden Commodore (VZ MY07) Acclaim station wagon (2015-07-03) 02.jpg
| caption2 = Commodore Acclaim station wagon (VZ)
| image3 = 2005 Holden Commodore (VZ) SV6 sedan (2015-08-07) 02.jpg
| caption3 = Commodore SV6 sedan (VZ)
}}
[[File:2006 Holden Commodore (VZ MY07) Acclaim station wagon (2015-07-03) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Acclaim station wagon (VZ)]]
[[File:2007 Holden VZ Commodore (MY07) Executive station wagon 02.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore Executive interior (VZ)]]

The final chapter of the third generation series was the VZ Commodore. Debuting in 2004 with a new series of [[V6 engine]]s known as the ''[[GM High Feature engine#LY7|Alloytec V6]]'', both {{convert|175|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|190|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} versions of the 3.6-litre engine were offered.<ref name="VZ">{{cite web |last=Torr |first=Feann |url=http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holden-vz-commodore.htm |title=VZ Holden Commodore: First Look |publisher=WebWombat |access-date=7 August 2007 |archive-date=7 August 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807061026/http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holden-vz-commodore.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> These were later upgraded to {{convert|180 and 195|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} respectively in the VE model.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.holden.co.nz/press/article/79 |title=All-new Holden Commodore unveiled to the world |publisher=[[Holden New Zealand]] |date=16 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070921110430/http://www.holden.co.nz/press/article/79 |archive-date=21 September 2007}}</ref> When compared to the previous ''[[Buick V6 engine#L36 Naturally Aspirated|Ecotec]]'' engines, the ''Alloytec'' benefits from increased power output, responsiveness and [[fuel efficiency]].<ref name="VZ" /> The new engines were mated to a new five-speed ''[[GM 5L40-E transmission|5L40E]]'' [[automatic transmission]] on the luxury V6 variants, and a new six-speed ''[[Aisin AY6 transmission|Aisin AY6]]'' [[manual transmission]] on the six-cylinder SV6 sports variant.<ref name="VZ, The Australian">{{cite web |date=8 August 2004 |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/holden-vz-commodore/story-e6frg8gx-1111112107598 |title=Holden VZ Commodore |work=[[The Australian]] |access-date=7 August 2007}}</ref> However, the long serving four-speed automatic carried on in other variants, albeit with further tweaks in an attempt to address complaints about refinement. A new 6.0-litre ''[[GM LS engine#L76|Generation 4]]'' [[V8 engine]] was added to the range in January 2006 to comply with [[European emission standards|Euro III]] emission standards. Compared to the American version, both [[Active Fuel Management]] and [[variable valve timing]] were removed.<ref name="Holden Commodore SS sedan" /> The ''Alloytec'' V6 was also affected by the new standards, which saw the peak output reduced to {{convert|172|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kennedy |first=Ewan |date=10 April 2006 |url=http://www.marque.com.au/roadtests/060410_Holden_Ute.htm |title=Thundering along in Holden Utes |publisher=Marque Publishing Company |access-date=7 August 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831035357/http://www.marque.com.au/roadtests/060410_Holden_Ute.htm |archive-date=31 August 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Along with the new [[powertrain]], Holden also introduced new safety features such as [[electronic stability control]] and [[brake assist]].<ref name = "VZ, The Australian"/> The Used Car Safety Ratings evaluation found that VT/VX Commodores provide a "better than average" level of occupant protection in the event of an [[Traffic collision|accident]], with VY/VZ models uprated to "significantly better than average".<ref name = "Used Car Safety Ratings"/> [[Australasian New Car Assessment Program|ANCAP]] crash test results rate the fourth generation VE lower in the offset frontal impact test than the third generation VY/VZ Commodore. The overall crash score was marginally higher than the outgoing model due to improved side impact protection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/_scripts/ancap_summary_result.php?IID=52 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419100524/https://howsafeisyourcar.com.au/_scripts/ancap_summary_result.php?IID=52 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2023 |title=Holden Commodore VY 2003 |publisher=[[Transport Accident Commission]] |access-date=5 April 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.howsafeisyourcar.com.au/_scripts/ucsr_search_result.php?IID=51 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419094202/https://howsafeisyourcar.com.au/_scripts/ucsr_search_result.php?IID=51 |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 April 2023 |title=Holden Commodore VE (2006–2007) |publisher=[[Transport Accident Commission]] |access-date=4 April 2010 }}</ref>

{{clear}}

== Fourth generation (2006–2017)==

=== {{anchor|VE}} VE (2006–2013) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VE)}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
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| width = 
| image2 = 2007 Holden Calais (VE MY08) sedan (2015-07-24) 02.jpg
| caption2 = Calais sedan (VE)
| image1 = 2011 Holden Commodore (VE II MY11) SV6 sedan (2015-07-03) 02.jpg
| caption1 = Commodore SV6 sedan (VE II)
| image3 = 2011 Holden Commodore (VE II MY12) Omega Sportwagon (2015-07-03) 02.jpg
| caption3 = Commodore Omega Sportwagon (VE II)
}}
[[File:2009 Holden Calais (VE MY09.5) V sedan (2015-07-03) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Calais V sedan (VE)]]

Launched in 2006 after GM's 2003 abandonment of their last European rear-drive sedan, the [[Opel Omega]], the VE is the first Commodore model designed entirely in Australia, as opposed to being based on an adapted [[Opel]]-sourced [[automobile platform|platform]].<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 12</ref> Given this and high public expectations of quality, the budget in developing the car reportedly exceeded {{AUD|1 billion}}.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 13</ref> Underpinned by the new Holden developed [[GM Zeta platform]], the VE features more sophisticated [[independent suspension]] all round and near-even 50:50 [[weight distribution]], leading to improved handling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.holden.co.nz/press/article/90 |title=Sophisticated new suspension system for Commodore |publisher=[[Holden New Zealand]] |date=24 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117153642/http://www.holden.co.nz/press/article/90 |archive-date=17 January 2007}}</ref> Engines and transmissions are largely carried over from the previous VZ model.<ref>{{cite web |last=Heasley |first=Andrew |date=17 July 2006 |url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/new-commodore-1bn-in-the-making/2006/07/16/1152988412446.html |title=New Commodore $1bn in the making |work=[[The Age]] |access-date=3 April 2007 |archive-date=13 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713150240/http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/new-commodore-1bn-in-the-making/2006/07/16/1152988412446.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, a new six-speed ''[[GM 6L80 transmission|GM 6L80-E]]'' automatic transmission was introduced for V8 variants, replacing the original four-speed automatic now relegated to base models.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holden-ve-commodore-look.htm |title=2006 VE Holden Commdore: First Look |publisher=WebWombat |date=17 July 2006 |access-date=17 October 2007 |archive-date=6 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071106021214/http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holden-ve-commodore-look.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The design of this new model included innovative features to help minimise export costs, such as a symmetrical [[center console (automobile)|centre console]] that houses a flush-fitting [[hand brake]] lever to facilitate its conversion to [[Left- and right-hand traffic|left-hand drive]].<ref>Butler, Dowling, Hagon, Newton, p. 21</ref> Internationally, the Commodore is again [[badge engineering|badge engineered]] as the [[Chevrolet Lumina]] and [[Chevrolet Omega]], along with its new export market in the United States as the [[Pontiac G8]] (discontinued as of 2010 along with the Pontiac brand).<ref>{{cite web |last=Pettendy |first=Marton |date=11 April 2007 |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/FFABEC624C07CD29CA2572BA001E9522 |title=China next on Holden's export agenda, but where to next for GM's rear-drive plans? |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=15 April 2008 |archive-date=4 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904231959/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/FFABEC624C07CD29CA2572BA001E9522 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Variants by Holden's performance arm, [[Holden Special Vehicles|HSV]], were released soon after the [[sedan (automobile)|sedan]]'s debut, followed by the long-[[wheelbase]] [[Holden WM Caprice|WM Statesman/Caprice]] models.<ref>[[#Robinson (2006)|Robinson (2006)]], p. 12–13</ref> The [[Holden Ute#VE|VE Ute]] did not enter production until 2007 whilst the [[Station wagon|Sportwagon]] began production in July 2008.<ref>{{cite web |last=Torr |first=Feann |date=22 August 2007 |url=http://www.webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holden-ve-ute.htm |title=Holden VE Ute |publisher=WebWombat |access-date=2 October 2007 |archive-date=10 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910200924/http://webwombat.com.au/motoring/news_reports/holden-ve-ute.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Dowling |first=Neil |date=11 July 2008 |url=http://www.carsguide.com.au/site/news-and-reviews/car-reviews-road-tests/2008_holden_commodore_sportwagon |title=Holden VE Sportwagon |work=[[Herald Sun]] |access-date=22 July 2008 |archive-date=21 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721110928/http://www.carsguide.com.au/site/news-and-reviews/car-reviews-road-tests/2008_holden_commodore_sportwagon |url-status=live }}</ref> A VE V8 Calais was awarded [[Wheels Car of the Year|''Wheels'' Car of the Year]], being the fifth Commodore/Calais model to do so.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=February 2007 |url=http://wheelsmag.com.au/wheels/a/11B5D96730974B1DCA257282000543A8.html |title=2006 Wheels Car of the Year: Holden VE Commodore |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |pages=112–118 |access-date=2 October 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927115344/http://wheelsmag.com.au/wheels/a/11B5D96730974B1DCA257282000543A8.html |archive-date=27 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

[[File:2007 Holden Calais (VE MY08) V sedan (2007-05-07) 03.jpg|left|thumb|Calais V (VE) interior]]

In late 2008 Holden made changes to the VE Commodore, including the addition of a passenger seatbelt-reminder system. The rollout of such modifications allowed the VE range to be upgraded in stages (dependent on model) to the five-star [[Australasian New Car Assessment Program|ANCAP]] safety rating during 2008 and 2009.

The September 2009 MY10 update to the VE Commodore platform introduces a new standard engine–a 3.0-litre [[Gasoline direct injection|Spark Ignition Direct Injection]] (SIDI) V6 on the Omega and Berlina, with a 3.6-litre version of the same reserved for all other V6 variants.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pettendy |first=Marton |date=4 August 2009 |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/58272F2DCFD03416CA2576080011BDA2 |title=Holden cuts Commodore consumption |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=4 August 2009 |archive-date=7 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090807122931/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/58272F2DCFD03416CA2576080011BDA2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The standard transmission is now a six-speed ''[[GM 6L50 transmission|GM 6L50]]'' automatic, replacing the four-speed in Omega and Berlina models and the five-speed in higher luxury levels. A six-speed manual is still available in sport models.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hagon |first=Toby |date=4 August 2009 |url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/holden-commodore-my10-new-engines-more-frugal-20090806-eai7.html |title=Holden Commodore MY10: New engines, more frugal |work=Drive |access-date=4 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722054540/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/holden-commodore-my10-new-engines-more-frugal-20090806-eai7.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Holden claims the newer powertrains would provide better fuel economy than some smaller four-cylinder cars; the 3.0-litre version is rated at {{convert|9.3|L/100 km|mpgus mpgimp|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gratton |first=Ken |date=4 August 2009 |url=http://www.carpoint.com.au/news/2009/large-passenger/holden/commodore/directinjection-power-efficiency-for-commodore-16104 |title=Direct-injection power, efficiency for Commodore |work=CarPoint |access-date=4 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090808124714/http://www.carpoint.com.au/news/2009/large-passenger/holden/commodore/directinjection-power-efficiency-for-commodore-16104 |archive-date=8 August 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The 3.0L produces {{Convert|190|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}}, more than the earlier 3.6L and more than the old 5.0L Holden V8. The new 3.6 produces a fraction more at {{Convert|210|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} although the difference is negligible in real world driving.

In mid-2010 Holden released the VE Series 2 (VEII). The major difference saw the introduction of the Holden iQ system, a centre-mounted LCD display that provides navigation, [[Bluetooth]], and controls to the stereo. There were also small alterations to the styling and a number of other changes.

=== {{anchor|VF}} VF (2013–2017) ===
{{main|Holden Commodore (VF)}}
{{multiple image
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| width = 200
| image1 = 2014 Holden Commodore (VF MY14) SS sedan (2015-11-11) 02.jpg
| caption1 = Commodore SS sedan (VF)
| image2 = 2016 Holden Commodore (VF II MY16) SV6 Black Edition Sportwagon (2018-04-16) 02.jpg
| caption2 = Commodore SV6 Sportwagon (VF II)
}}
[[File:2017 Holden Commodore (VF II) SV6 sedan (2018-03-26) 01.jpg|left|thumb|Commodore SV6 sedan (VF II)]]
The VF Commodore, a major overhaul of the VE, was officially revealed on 10 February 2013 in Melbourne.

The body shell, suspension and electrics of the [[GM Zeta platform]] were thoroughly reworked to reduce weight, improving handling and fuel efficiency. Changes to the model line-up saw the deletion of the Berlina nameplate (which was merged with the standard Calais variant, represented the smallest share of sales in Commodore's line-up) and the base model renamed from Omega to Evoke.

Standard features across the Commodore range includes front and rear parking sensors, reverse camera and auto park assist, whereas high specifications models such as the Calais-V and SS-V redline models also feature, as standard, forward and reverse collision alert system and a colour heads-up display - all possible thanks to the VF's electronics now being compatible with those of more developed GM cars, resulting in the new Commodore being cheaper to manufacture. Indeed, the recommended retail pricing was substantially reduced across the range, from {{AUD|5,000}} for the base model and up to {{AUD|10,000}} for the Calais V V8 and SS V Redline.<ref>{{cite web |first=Joshua |last=Dowling |url=http://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/new-holden-commodore-vf-every-model-wins-a-prize-21908 |title=New Holden Commodore VF every model wins a prize |publisher=Cars Guide |date=10 March 2013 |access-date=16 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215172049/http://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/new-holden-commodore-vf-every-model-wins-a-prize-21908 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A day after the Australian range reveal and in the lead up to the [[Daytona 500]] weekend, a more powerful and better equipped export version of the VF Commodore SS also made its debut in Daytona, Florida, as the MY14 [[Chevrolet SS]].<ref>{{cite web |first=Marton |last=Pettendy |url=http://www.motoring.com.au/news/2013/large-passenger/chevrolet/commodore/holdens-us-commodore-chevy-ss-revealed-35112 |title=Holden's US Commodore: Chevy SS revealed |publisher=Motoring.com.au |date=16 February 2013 |access-date=16 February 2015 |archive-date=15 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215172533/http://www.motoring.com.au/news/2013/large-passenger/chevrolet/commodore/holdens-us-commodore-chevy-ss-revealed-35112 |url-status=live }}</ref> To maximise the SS's profile in the United States, GM also replaced in [[NASCAR]] the [[Chevrolet Impala]] with the SS, which raced in NASCAR's premier series through 2017, when it was replaced by the [[Chevrolet Camaro ZL1]] for the 2018 season.

A Series II update (VF II) was launched in late 2015, introducing minor styling revisions at the front, while the biggest change was the arrival of a {{convert|304|kW|hp|abbr=on}} ''[[General Motors small-block engine#LS3|LS3]]'' across the entire V8 range. In addition, the  V8's final drive ratio and the Redline's suspension tune were also revised.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wheelsmag.com.au/reviews/1510/2015-holden-commodore-ss-v-redline-review/|title=2015 Holden Commodore SS-V Redline review|date=8 October 2015|access-date=14 January 2016|archive-date=2 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402040052/http://www.wheelsmag.com.au/reviews/1510/2015-holden-commodore-ss-v-redline-review/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{clear left}}

== Fifth generation (2018–2020)==
=== {{anchor|ZB}} ZB (2018–2020) ===
{{Main|Holden Commodore (ZB)}}
[[File:2018 Holden Commodore (ZB MY18) LT sedan (2018-08-06) 01a.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Commodore LT liftback]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = 2018 Holden Commodore (ZB MY18) LT sedan (2018-08-06) 02.jpg
| caption1 = Commodore LT liftback
| image2 = 2018 Holden Commodore (ZB MY18) LT Tourer (2018-10-25).jpg
| caption2 = Commodore LT Sportwagon
| total_width = 
| alt1 = 
}}

In 2017, Holden announced that the Commodore would end production in Australia and confirmed that the Commodore badge would be inherited by its replacement – now fully imported. That decision was made on the basis of a survey revealing that a majority of customers were in favour of retaining the long-standing Australian badge, introduced in 1978.

In October 2016, Holden provided selected journalists an opportunity to test drive early prototypes of the 2018 Commodore.

The ZB Commodore was revealed on 6 December 2016, as a rebadged version of the [[Opel Insignia|Opel Insignia B]]. The ZB Commodore was offered with [[Straight-four engine|four]] or [[V6 engine|six-cylinder engine]] options, as well as [[front-wheel drive]] (FWD) or [[all-wheel drive]]. This was a major departure from the V8 and [[rear-wheel drive]] variants available on the previous generation Commodore.

There was significant controversy regarding Holden's decision to retain the Commodore name for the 2018 model, despite it being considerably smaller than its predecessor and lacking both the traditional V8 engine and rear-wheel drive configuration. The decision was considered to be a safe choice in order to preserve sales, but the retention of the long-respected Commodore name was criticised for missing the opportunity to re-brand the sedan range and push the vehicle into the more lucrative semi-premium segment of the market.

{{As of|2018|April}}, the ZB Commodore had the lowest resale value, as a proportion of its new price, of any car on the Australian market.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/weekend-australian-magazine/holden-zb-commodore-rs-v6-liftback/news-story/176c466cb431d8b2a8a22a7851fbdb6c |title=Holden ZB Commodore RS V6 Liftback review: A Holden in name only |first=Bill |last=Mckinnon |newspaper=The Australian |date=14 April 2018 |access-date=25 April 2018 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Due to slow sales and Holden's interest in other vehicle segments, it was announced on 10 December 2019 that the ZB Commodore would be discontinued in early 2020, shortly before GM's decision to retire the Holden brand entirely.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.autocar.co.nz/autocar-news-app/holden-just-killed-the-commodore |title=Holden just killed the Commodore |first=Nile |last=Bijoux |work=Autocar |location=New Zealand |date=2019-12-10 |access-date=2019-12-10 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612181423/https://www.autocar.co.nz/autocar-news-app/holden-just-killed-the-commodore |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-12-10/holden-announces-end-of-commodore-from-2020/11786056 |title=Holden axes Commodore range to focus on SUVs and utes as sedan sales dwindle |work=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |location=Australia |date=2019-12-10 |access-date=2019-12-10 |archive-date=24 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224155352/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-12-10/holden-announces-end-of-commodore-from-2020/11786056 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Australian export models ==
In the late 1990s Commodores were exported from Australia, branded as the [[Chevrolet Lumina]] in the Middle East until 2011 and South Africa until 2013, and as the [[Chevrolet Omega]] in Brazil until 2008 and, then again, in 2010. Versions were also previously exported in the mid-1990s to Southeast Asia, as the [[Opel Calais]], and to North America from 2008 to 2009 as the [[Pontiac G8]]. The sport version from HSV was sold in the United Kingdom as the [[Vauxhall VXR8]] from 2007 to 2017. From 2014 to 2017, the VF Commodore was sold in the United States as the [[Chevrolet SS]].{{cn|date=March 2025}}

<gallery widths="150">
File:PR comboio.jpg|[[Chevrolet Omega]] (VX)
File:Did it rain last night? (3977887500) (cropped).jpg|[[Chevrolet Lumina]] (VZ)
File:Vauxhall Holden VXR8 first registered in England March 2009 5967cc.JPG|[[Vauxhall VXR8]] (VE)
File:Pontiac G8 V6 -- 02-04-2012 2.jpg|[[Pontiac G8]] (VE)
File:Chevrolet SS (front) (cropped).jpg|[[Holden Commodore (VF)#Chevrolet SS|Chevrolet SS]] (VF)
</gallery>

=== Chevrolet Lumina ===
{{See also|Chevrolet Lumina}}

The Commodore was sold as the Chevrolet Lumina in the Middle East and South Africa, and previously in South East Asia.

A coupe version based on the [[Holden Monaro]] was also sold in the Middle East as the Chevrolet Lumina Coupe. In [[Arabia]], the Lumina was offered in four different trims: LS (Omega), LTZ (Berlina), S (SV6) and SS (SS). The LTZ and S came standard with a 3.6&nbsp;L Alloytec V6 and a six-speed automatic transmission for the S and four-speed for the LTZ, while the SS came standard with a 6.0&nbsp;L Alloytec V8 with the option of active fuel management. A six-speed manual was standard with the option of a six-speed automatic on the SS. The LTZ was the luxury model, while the S and SS models focused on sportiness. Exports to the Middle East ceased in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.carsales.com.au/news/2011/medium-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-loses-another-commodore-export-deal-27621 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225854/http://www.carsales.com.au/news/2011/medium-passenger/holden/commodore/holden-loses-another-commodore-export-deal-27621 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 December 2013 |title=Holden loses another Commodore export deal |first=Joshua |last=Dowling |publisher=carsales.com.au |date=14 November 2011 |access-date=28 March 2012 }}</ref>

Lumina models sold in South Africa dropped the V6 engine in favour of 6.0 litre V8 engine mated to a six-speed manual or automatic. Fuel injection and a 10.4:1 compression ratio help contribute to a max power output of {{Convert|270|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,700 rpm, and a max torque of {{Convert|530|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,400 rpm for vehicles equipped with the manual. Automatic cars make {{Convert|260|kW|hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,800 rpm and {{Convert|517|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,400 rpm. All cars were equipped with [[Brembo]] brake calipers and a [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] limited-slip differentials. The car received updates for the 2011 model year. These changes were introduced to coincide with the release of the VE Series II Commodore. Changes included revised bumpers, there is a chrome moulding above the number plate on the boot lid, refreshed alloy wheel designs and the Holden IQ system. Also the SSV model was introduced.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sacarfan.co.za/2011/03/refreshed-2011-chevrolet-lumina-ss-sedan-ute |work=South African Car Fan |title=Refreshed 2011 Chevrolet Lumina |date=31 March 2011 |access-date=22 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208225715/http://sacarfan.co.za/2011/03/refreshed-2011-chevrolet-lumina-ss-sedan-ute/ |archive-date=8 February 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The Holden Ute was sold as the ''Lumina Ute'' in South Africa and has the same equipment as the sedan.

{{clear right}}

== Australian production ==
Australian production of the first Commodore launched in 1978 was initially spread between Holden's Pagewood (New South Wales) and Dandenong (Victoria) plants. In August 1978, Holden announced a $6.7 million program to enable assembly of the Commodore range at the Elizabeth (South Australia) plant, which resulted in the closure of the Pagewood plant a year later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.classicholdencars.com/holden-cars/ |title=Holden Cars History |date=8 October 2009 |publisher=Classic Holden Cars |access-date=15 February 2015 |archive-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171136/http://www.classicholdencars.com/holden-cars/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Australian production of the Commodore was consolidated at Elizabeth in 1988, coinciding with the launch of the then new [[Holden Commodore (VN)|VN Commodore]].

The Commodore and its derivatives have been the basis of modified variants by companies separate to Holden. Officially, Holden's performance partner is HSV, although other prominent high performance brands include [[Holden Dealer Team#Peter Brock's HDT Special Vehicles|HDT Special Vehicles]], [[Corsa Specialized Vehicles]] (CSV) and [[Walkinshaw Performance]] (WP), since the first, third and fourth generation Commodore, respectively.

In December 2013, Holden announced that it would cease production of the Commodore in Australia in 2017.<ref name=termination>{{cite news |first=Emma |last=Griffiths |date=11 December 2013 |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-11/holden-to-cease-manufacturing-operations-in-australia-by-2017/5150034 |title=Holden to cease its manufacturing operations in Australia by 2017 |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |access-date=11 December 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409043852/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-11/holden-to-cease-manufacturing-operations-in-australia-by-2017/5150034 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was followed, in December 2015, by "Project Erich" involving Belgian entrepreneur [[Guido Dumarey]]. His plans involve buying the Holden production facilities, with a view to continue producing in Australia a rebadged range of RWD and AWD premium vehicles based on the GM Zeta platform, for local and export sales. Dumarey's company, Punch Powerglide, already supplies automatic transmissions for Holden's V6-powered models made in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Exclusive: Dumarey confirms bid for Commodore and Elizabeth |url=http://www.motoring.com.au/exclusive-dumarey-confirms-bid-for-commodore-and-elizabeth-100647/ |publisher=Motoring.com.au |date=21 December 2015 |access-date=6 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126143716/http://www.motoring.com.au/exclusive-dumarey-confirms-bid-for-commodore-and-elizabeth-100647/ |archive-date=26 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The last Commodore - the last Holden vehicle to be manufactured in Australia - rolled off the line at the Elizabeth plant on 20 October 2017.<ref name=news-2017-10-20>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/national/south-australia/no-tears-as-holden-has-its-last-hurrah-at-elizabeth-plant/news-story/bb9d5050f1a1031698a70b452af808b9 |title=No tears as Holden has its last hurrah at Elizabeth plant |first=Bernard |last=Humphreys |work=news.com.au |location=Australia |date=20 October 2017 |access-date=21 October 2017 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020193753/http://www.news.com.au/national/south-australia/no-tears-as-holden-has-its-last-hurrah-at-elizabeth-plant/news-story/bb9d5050f1a1031698a70b452af808b9 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Sales ==
{{Australian large car sales
| align = right
| title = yes
| width = 225
| legend = yes
}}
{| class = "wikitable"
|+ Holden Commodore sales in Australia
! rowspan="2" {{vert header|1980s}}
!1980
!1981
!1982
!1983<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/116389897?searchTerm=landcruiser&searchLimits=exactPhrase |title=Falcon Easily Most Popular |first=Paul |last=Gover |newspaper=The Canberra Times |date=14 February 1984 |access-date=11 February 2019 |archive-date=12 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212130726/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/116389897?searchTerm=landcruiser&searchLimits=exactPhrase |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1984
!1985<ref>{{cite news |last=Gover |first=Paul |date=18 February 1986 |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/118206001 |title=Ford tops new-car sales again |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |page=15 |access-date=12 August 2016 |archive-date=28 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828213404/http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/118206001 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1986
!1987
!1988
!1989
|-
| || ||78,429
|35,355 || ||62,436
|  || ||  ||
|-
! rowspan="2" {{vert header|1990s}}
!1990
!1991
!1992
!1993
!1994<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hrc.org.au/files/Up%20Front/1996%20Issue%202%20UF_53%20OPT.pdf |title=$260M Profit – Holden Strides Ahead |magazine=Up Front |issue=2 |publisher=Holden |year=1996 |page=3 |access-date=10 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110074142/http://www.hrc.org.au/files/Up%20Front/1996%20Issue%202%20UF_53%20OPT.pdf |archive-date=10 January 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
!1995<ref name="Falcon to fly again in 2008">{{cite web |last=Dowling |first=Joshua |date=12 January 2008 |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/news/falcon-to-fly-again-in-2008/2008/01/11/1199988560897.html?page=fullpage |title=Falcon to fly again in 2008 |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=20 May 2012 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924202733/http://www.smh.com.au/news/news/falcon-to-fly-again-in-2008/2008/01/11/1199988560897.html?page=fullpage |url-status=live }}</ref>
!1996<ref name="Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!1997<ref name="Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!1998<ref name = "Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!1999<ref name = "Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
|-
| || 50,820 || 57,641 || 62,663 || 75,330 || 80,452 || 83,001 || 76,849 || 94,642 || 85,648
|-
! rowspan="2" {{vert header|2000s}}
!2000<ref name = "Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!2001<ref name = "Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!2002<ref name = "Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!2003<ref name = "Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!2004<ref name = "Falcon to fly again in 2008"/>
!2005<ref>{{cite web |last=Mathioudakis |first=Bryon |date=5 January 2006 |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/946F710BAE680AAACA2570ED0020C5D4 |title=VFACTS 2005: Small conquers all |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=15 September 2010 |archive-date=2 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902160652/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/946F710BAE680AAACA2570ED0020C5D4 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!2006<ref>{{cite web |last=Hagon |first=Toby |date=16 May 2007 |url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/new-corolla-has-commodore-in-its-sights-20070516-1411u.html |title=New Corolla has Commodore in its sights |work=Drive |access-date=15 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722054550/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/new-corolla-has-commodore-in-its-sights-20070516-1411u.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
!2007<ref>{{cite web |last=Graton |first=Ken |date=7 January 2008 |url=http://www.carsales.com.au/news/2008/market-reaches-seven-figures-5710 |title=Market reaches seven figures |publisher=Carsales |access-date=15 September 2010 |archive-date=11 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311130132/http://www.carsales.com.au/news/2008/market-reaches-seven-figures-5710 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!2008<ref>{{cite web |last=Korzeniewski |first=Jeremy |date=7 January 2009 |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/07/holden-commodore-once-again-australias-best-seller-with-a-catc/ |title=Holden Commodore once again Australia's best seller, with a catch |work=Autoblog |access-date=15 September 2010 |archive-date=23 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123040340/http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/07/holden-commodore-once-again-australias-best-seller-with-a-catc/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2009<ref>{{cite web |last=Hammerton |first=Ron |date=6 January 2010 |url=http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/5746932E9554049CCA2576A30024FFCA |title=Car market closes 2009 with a tax bang |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=15 September 2010 |archive-date=7 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807022906/http://www.goauto.com.au/mellor/mellor.nsf/story2/5746932E9554049CCA2576A30024FFCA |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 83,610 || 85,422 || 88,478 || 86,553 || 79,170 || 66,794 || 56,531 || 57,307 || 51,093 || 44,387
|-
! rowspan="2" {{vert header|2010s}}
!2010<ref>{{cite web |last=Martin |first=Stuart |date=6 January 2011 |url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/adelaide-built-holden-commodore-bestselling-car-15-years-in-a-row/story-e6frea6u-1225982952535 |title=VFACTS: Cars lose more ground to SUVs, LCVs |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=6 January 2011 |archive-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508064931/http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/adelaide-built-holden-commodore-bestselling-car-15-years-in-a-row/story-e6frea6u-1225982952535 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2011<ref>{{cite web |last=Gover |first=Paul |date=6 January 2012 |url=http://www.carsguide.com.au/news-and-reviews/car-news/car_sales_top_million_again_for_2011/ |title=Car sales top million again for 2011 |work=GoAuto |publisher=John Mellor |access-date=6 January 2012 |archive-date=11 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411133300/http://www.carsguide.com.au/news-and-reviews/car-news/car_sales_top_million_again_for_2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2012<ref>{{cite web |last=Dowling |first=Joshua |date=3 January 2013 |url=http://www.carsguide.com.au/news-and-reviews/car-news/australians_drive_1.1_million_new_car_sales/ |title=Australians drive 1.1 million new car sales |work=CarsGuide |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318102607/https://www.carsguide.com.au/car-news/australians-drive-11-million-new-car-sales-21269 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2013<ref>{{cite web |last=Fallah |first=Alborz |date=7 January 2014 |url=http://www.caradvice.com.au/265398/new-car-sales-figures-2013-total/ |title=New Car Sales Figures 2013 Total |publisher=CarAdvice |access-date=17 January 2014 |archive-date=16 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116194051/http://www.caradvice.com.au/265398/new-car-sales-figures-2013-total/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2014<ref>{{cite web |last=Hall |first=Sam |date=6 January 2015 |url=http://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/the-10-most-popular-cars-of-2014-20150106-12ihkp.html |title=The 10 most popular cars of 2014 |publisher=Drive |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=21 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121064628/http://www.drive.com.au/motor-news/the-10-most-popular-cars-of-2014-20150106-12ihkp.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2015<ref>{{cite web |last=Costello |first=Mike |date=6 January 2016 |url=http://www.caradvice.com.au/407041/vfacts-2015-top-sellers-across-every-segment-full-breakdown/ |title=VFACTS 2015: Top sellers across every segment, full breakdown |publisher=CarAdvice |access-date=10 January 2016 |archive-date=10 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110074254/http://www.caradvice.com.au/407041/vfacts-2015-top-sellers-across-every-segment-full-breakdown/? |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2016<ref>{{cite web |last=Costello |first=Mike |date=5 January 2016 |url=http://www.caradvice.com.au/511197/2016-vfacts-wrap-new-sales-record-set-winners-and-losers-detailed/ |title=2016 VFACTS wrap: New sales record set, winners and losers detailed |publisher=CarAdvice |access-date=9 July 2017 |archive-date=1 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701042947/http://www.caradvice.com.au/511197/2016-vfacts-wrap-new-sales-record-set-winners-and-losers-detailed/? |url-status=live }}</ref>
!2017<ref>{{Cite journal |last=W |first=Russell |date=4 January 2018 |title=VFACTS annual summary 2017 |journal=VFACTS |publisher=Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries |location=Australia}}</ref>
!2018<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammerton |first=Ron |date=4 January 2019 |url=https://www.goauto.com.au/news/vfacts/sales-2018/vfacts-december-sales-slump-hits-car-industry/2019-01-04/77066.html |title=VFACTS: December sales slump hits car industry |publisher=GoAuto |access-date=4 January 2019 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731180214/https://www.goauto.com.au/news/vfacts/sales-2018/vfacts-december-sales-slump-hits-car-industry/2019-01-04/77066.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
! 2019<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/the-decline-of-holden-and-the-commodore-in-numbers |title=The decline of Holden (and the Commodore) in numbers |first=David |last=Vegners |work=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=Australia |date=18 February 2020 |access-date=4 July 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819091535/https://www.whichcar.com.au/news/the-decline-of-holden-and-the-commodore-in-numbers |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| 45,956 || 40,617 || 30,532 || 27,766 || 30,203 || 27,770 || 25,860 ||23,676|| 9,040
|5,915
|}

{{clear}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
'''Books'''
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book |last=Bebbington |first=Terry |year=1998 |title=50 Years of Holden |location=[[Hornsby, New South Wales]] |publisher=Clockwork Media |isbn=0-947216-59-6 |ref=Bebbington (1998)}}
* {{cite book |last=Bebbington |first=Terry |year=2009 |title=60 Years of Holden |location=[[Padstow, New South Wales]] |publisher=[[Haynes Manual]]s |isbn=978-1-876953-58-4 |ref=Bebbington (2009)}}
* {{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Tony |last2=Kennedy |first2=Alistair |last3=Kennedy |first3=Ewan |date=February 2007 |title=The Holden Heritage – 13th Edition |location=[[Port Melbourne, Victoria]] |publisher=Holden |ref=Davis, Kennedy, Kennedy (2007)}}
:* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926214934/http://media.gmcanada.com:8221/aus/holden/en/company/history/HH13Part1.pdf Part One], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929090224/http://media.gmcanada.com:8221/aus/holden/en/company/history/HH13Part2.pdf Part Two], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090326064656/http://media.gmcanada.com:8221/aus/holden/en/company/history/HH13Part3.pdf Part Three] (PDF).
* {{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Tony |last2=Wright |first2=John |year=1994 |title=Holden Commodore: 1978–1988 including HSV and Statesman WB |location=[[Blakehurst, New South Wales]] |publisher=Marque Publishing |isbn=0-947079-44-0 |ref=Davis, Wright (1994)}}
* {{cite book |last=Earl |first=Peter |year=2002 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUi7FJ4pRsEC |title=Information, Opportunism and Economic Coordination |location=[[Cheltenham]], United Kingdom |publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]] |isbn=1-84064-738-8 |access-date=23 September 2016 |archive-date=18 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240318102601/https://books.google.com/books?id=RUi7FJ4pRsEC |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Jeeves |editor-first=Kay |date=July 2008 |url=http://archives.media.gm.com/aus/holden/en/company/history/heritagebook_2008.pdf |title=The Holden Heritage 14th Edition |location=[[Port Melbourne, Victoria]] |publisher=Holden |isbn=978-0-646-49587-3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018032848/https://archives.media.gm.com/aus/holden/en/company/history/heritagebook_2008.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2015 |url-status=dead |ref=Jeeves (2008) }}
* {{cite book |last=Norton |first=Eric |year=2009 |title=60 Fabulous Years of Holden: as told by passionate Holden owners |location=[[Bundoora, Victoria]] |publisher=Investment Vehicles (Motormania) |isbn=978-0-9805723-0-8 |ref=Norton (2008)}}
* {{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Peter |year=2006 |title=AutoBiography: The inside story of Holden's all-new VE Commodore |location=[[Woolloomooloo, New South Wales]] |publisher=Focus Publishing |isbn=1-921156-10-4 |ref=Robinson (2006)}}
* {{cite book |last=Tuckey |first=Bill |year=1999 |title=Commodore Lion King: Celebrating 21 Years |location=[[Middle Park, Victoria]] |publisher=Quil Visual Communications |isbn=0-646-38231-4 |ref=Tuckey (1999)}}
* {{cite book |last=Wright |first=John |year=1998 |title=Heart of the Lion: The 50 Year History of Australia's Holden |location=[[Crows Nest, New South Wales]] |publisher=[[Allen & Unwin]] |isbn=1-86448-744-5 |ref=Wright (1998)}}
{{refend}}

'''Magazines'''
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Bulmer |first=Ged |author2=Carey, John |author3=McCarthy, Mike |date=October 2002 |title=VY Commodore: Reinventing Australia's top seller |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |ref=Bulmer (2002)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Butler |first=Glenn |author2=Dowling, Joshua |author3=Hagon, Toby |author4=Newton, Bruce |date=12 September 2006 |url=http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/ve-commodore-emag-20060912-13z3u.html |format=PDF |title=VE Commodore eMag |magazine=Drive |access-date=31 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722054637/http://news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/ve-commodore-emag-20060912-13z3u.html |archive-date=22 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Carey |first=John |date=September 2003 |title=Mid Tweak |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |ref=Carey (2003) (VY II)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Carey |first=John |date=September 2003 |title=The Crewman Show |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |ref=Carey (2003) (Crewman)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Gribble |first=Chris |date=April 1980 |title=Honing the edge |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |publisher=Murray Publishers |ref=Gribble (1980)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Lake |first=Barry |date=June 1980 |title=Giant step sideways |magazine=[[Motor (Australian magazine)|Modern Motor]] |location=[[Rushcutters Bay, New South Wales]] |publisher=Modern Magazines (Holdings) |ref=Lake (1980)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Lord |first=Philip |date=October 2000 |title=New Edge |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |publisher=[[ACP Magazines|ACP Action]] |ref=Lord (2000)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=McCarthy |first=Mike |date=October 2002 |title=VY SV8: A no-frills hi-po Commodore V8 |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |ref=McCarthy (2002)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=McCarthy |first=Mike |author2=McKay, Peter |author3=Newton, Bruce |author4=Robinson, Peter |date=October 2006 |title=2006 Collector's Edition VE Commodore: The Full Story |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]]}}
* {{cite magazine |last=McKay |first=Peter |date=October 1981 |title=VH Commodore: Australia's Own Goes High-Tech |magazine=[[Motor (Australian magazine)|Modern Motor]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |publisher=Murray Publishers |ref=McKay (1981)}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Robinson |first=Peter |date=July 1980 |title=Bridging the gap |magazine=[[Wheels (magazine)|Wheels]] |location=[[Sydney central business district|Sydney, New South Wales]] |publisher=Murray Publishers |ref=Robinson (1980)}}
* {{cite magazine |editor-last=Segal |editor-first=David |date=December 1978 |title=All new Holden Commodore |magazine=[[Car Australia|Motor Manual]] |location=[[Melbourne City Centre|Melbourne, Victoria]] |publisher=Newspress |ref=Segal (1978)}}
* {{cite magazine |editor-last=Whelan |editor-first=Matt |date=December 1978 |title=The "I can't believe it's a Holden" Holden |magazine=[[Motor (Australian magazine)|Modern Motor]] |location=[[Rushcutters Bay, New South Wales]] |publisher=Modern Magazines (Holdings) |ref=Whelan (1978)}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|www.holden.com.au/vehicles/Commodore}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aeRCKWh26c Road-testing the 1980 Holden Commodore | Retrofocus]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204527/http://hh.hansenits.com/model/v/commodore.html Holden Model History – Holden Commodore]
* [http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_holden_commodore.htm Holden Commodore at Unique Cars and Parts]
* [https://3dmodels.org/360-view/?id=81885 3D view of Holden Commodore 1980]
* [http://www.users.on.net/~nweber/commodore/ The Unofficial Holden Commodore Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221162935/http://www.users.on.net/~nweber/commodore/ |date=21 December 2022 }}
* [https://www.opel-commodore-c.com/holden-vauxhall-chevrolet/holden-commodore-vb/ Huge website around the Opels of the time including the Holden Commodore VB]

{{Holden timeline}}
{{Holden vehicles}}
{{Chevrolet Vehicles}}

[[Category:Holden Commodore| ]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1978]]
[[Category:1970s cars]]
[[Category:1980s cars]]
[[Category:1990s cars]]
[[Category:2000s cars]]
[[Category:2010s cars]]
[[Category:Cars of Australia]]
[[Category:Full-size vehicles]]
[[Category:Holden vehicles|Commodore]]
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]
[[Category:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:Station wagons]]
[[Category:Cars discontinued in 2020]]