Editing Horatio Parker

{{Short description|American composer and teacher (1863–1919)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = <!-- defaults to article title when left blank -->
| image         = Horatio William Parker 1916.jpg
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1863|09|15}}
| birth_place   = [[Auburndale, Massachusetts|Auburndale]], Massachusetts
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1919|12|18|1863|09|15}}
| death_place   = [[Cedarhurst, New York|Cedarhurst]], New York
| other_names   = 
| occupation    = Composer and teacher
| education     = [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München|Royal Music School]]
| years_active  = 
| known_for     = 
| notable_works =  
}}'''Horatio William Parker''' (September 15, 1863 – December 18, 1919) was an American composer, organist and teacher. He was a central figure in [[music]]al life in [[New Haven]], Connecticut in the late 19th century, and is best remembered as the undergraduate teacher of [[Charles Ives]] while the composer attended [[Yale University]].

==Biography==
He was born in [[Auburndale, Massachusetts|Auburndale]], Massachusetts. His earliest lessons were with his mother.  He then studied in [[Boston]] with [[George Whitefield Chadwick]], [[Stephen A. Emery]], and John Orth.<ref name="nie" /><ref name=nsrw>{{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Parker, Horatio}}</ref> His first professional position was playing the organ at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in [[Dedham, Massachusetts]].<ref name="Kearns1990">{{cite book|last=Kearns|first=William|title=Horatio Parker, 1863-1919: His Life, Music, and Ideas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5dHOzdXHHfEC&pg=PA5|access-date=20 January 2021|year=1990|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-2292-4|page=5}}</ref> He was paid a salary of roughly $300 a year from September 1880 to January 1882.<ref name="Kearns1990"/>

He finished his formal education in Europe, a common destination for a young American composer in the 1880s, where he studied in [[Munich]] with [[Josef Rheinberger]].  His fellow students at the [[Hochschule für Musik und Theater München|Royal Music School]] in [[Munich]]<ref name="Grove">Charles H. Kaufman. [http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/30228 "Whiting, Arthur Battelle"]. ''Grove Music Online''. ''Oxford Music Online''. Oxford University Press, accessed March 21, 2016</ref> included [[Arthur Batelle Whiting|Arthur Whiting]] and [[Henry Holden Huss|H. H. Huss]].<ref name="Clippings">"Whiting, Arthur".  Clippings file.  Music Division.  New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.</ref><ref name="AW">"Arthur Whiting." ''Unknown newspaper''. 1885?. In "Whiting, Arthur".  Clipping file.  Music Division.  New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.</ref>  In Munich Parker composed his first significant works, including a [[symphony]] and a dramatic [[cantata]]. He also premiered Joseph Rheinberger's Organ Concerto No. 1 in F Major from 1884 there.<ref>[http://www.classical.net/music/recs/reviews/m/mdg71741a.php Horatio Parker Organ Works] Classical Net</ref>

After his return to the United States in 1885, he was for two years professor of music in the Cathedral School of St. Paul in [[Garden City, New York|Garden City, Long Island]]. From 1888 to 1893, he was organist of [[Trinity Church (New York City)|Trinity Church, New York City]], and from 1893 to 1901 organist of [[Trinity Church, Boston]].<ref name="eb">{{Cite EB1922|wstitle=Parker, Horatio William}}</ref> In 1893, Parker became Battell Professor of the theory of music at [[Yale University]]. He was appointed Dean of Music at that school in 1904, a position which he held for the rest of his life.<ref>{{cite book|title= Juilliard: a history|last= Olmstead|first= Andrea|year= 1999|publisher= University of Illinois Press|location= Urbana, Illinois|isbn= 0-252-02487-7|url-access= registration|url= https://archive.org/details/juilliard00andr}}</ref><ref name=ea>{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Parker, Horatio William}}</ref>

The [[University of Cambridge]] bestowed on him the honorary degree ''[[Doctor of Music]]'' (Mus.Doc.) in May 1902.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-university-intelligence/138638090/ |newspaper=[[The Times]] |publication-place=London |title=University intelligence |date=28 May 1902 |page=12 |issue=36779 |access-date=2024-01-13 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> He directed the Derby Choral Club, organized by [[Frances Osborne Kellogg]] in [[Derby, Connecticut]], for 16 consecutive seasons until his death.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1956-09-27|title=Mrs. Frances Osborne Kellogg Dies at Osborndale; Dairy Farmer, Prize Cattle Breeder, Manufacturer, Patron of Arts Deeded Vast Property for a Park|work=Evening Sentinel (Ansonia, CT)|url=http://derbyhistorical.org/Sentinel/Kellogg%20Obituary.htm|access-date=2020-09-09|archive-date=January 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128125657/http://derbyhistorical.org/Sentinel/Kellogg%20Obituary.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> On December 30, 1915, he was elected as a national honorary member of [[Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia]] fraternity, the national fraternity for men in music. Parker died in [[Cedarhurst, New York]]. 

Parker was the uncle of Parker Bailey, who was an American composer, pianist, and lawyer.<ref>[Howard, John Tasker. ''Our American Music: Three Hundred Years of It''. January 1, 1954. Thomas Y. Crowell Company. New York]</ref> Bailey served for a time as a lawyer at the [[Securities and Exchange Commission]] having graduated from Yale in 1923 with majors in Greek and mathematics, but remained active as a composer for much of his life. He won the Joseph H Stearns prize at Columbia University in 1928 for his ''Sonata in A Flat Major for flute and piano''.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/288746140/?match=1&terms=%22Parker%20Bailey%22%20composer ''Columbia University Awards Joseph H Stearns''. Salt Lake Telegram. June 24, 1928. Salt Lake City, Utah.]</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/1061186885/?match=1&terms=%22Parker%20Bailey%22%20composer November 14, 1954. The Plain Dealer. Obituary. Parker Bailey.]</ref>

==Composition==
Before leaving New York City in 1893, Parker had completed his [[oratorio]], ''Hora Novissima'', set to the opening words of ''De contemptu mundi'' by [[Bernard of Cluny]]. It was widely performed in America; and also in England, in 1899 at Chester, and at the [[Three Choirs Festival]] at Worcester, the latter an honour never before paid an American composer.<ref name="eb"/> European critics called it one of the finest of American compositions.<ref name="nie">{{Cite NIE|wstitle=Parker, Horatio William|year=1905}}</ref> While he is mostly remembered for this single work, he was a prolific and versatile composer in a mostly conservative Germanic tradition, writing two operas, songs, organ and incidental music, and a copious quantity of works for chorus and orchestra. Influences in his compositions include [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]], [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]], [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]], as well as [[Debussy]] and [[Elgar]] in some works which he composed closer to 1900. During his lifetime he was considered to be the finest composer{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}{{Dubious|at the time, MacDowell was very highly rated|date=December 2020}} in the United States,{{by whom|date=December 2020}} a superior craftsman writing in the most advanced style.

In 1892, Parker composed the [[hymn tune]] "Auburndale" in celebration of the laying of the cornerstone of the new church building of the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] parish he was baptised in, [[Episcopal Parish of the Messiah (Auburndale, Massachusetts)|Parish of the Messiah]]. His father, [[Charles Edward Parker]], had been the architect for that congregation's chapel; famed Episcopal bishop [[Phillips Brooks]] laid the cornerstone. "Auburndale" was later published in the 1916 Hymnal ("The Messiah Miracle: A History The Church of the Messiah of West Newton and Auburndale 1871–1971," privately published, 1971).

Parker entered his opera, ''[[Mona (opera)|Mona]]'', into a contest at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] winning the prize for best composition in 1911. He won 10,000 dollars and his opera was performed by the company. ''Mona'' premiered on March 14, 1912 and ran for four performances.  The title role was taken by [[Louise Homer]].  He won the [[Los Angeles]] $10,000 prize for his opera ''Fairyland''.<ref name=ea/>

Parker's music is used as Hymn #66 "Rejoice the Lord is King"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rejoice, the Lord Is King! |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/media/music/songs/rejoice-the-lord-is-king?lang=eng |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.churchofjesuschrist.org |language=en}}</ref> in the hymnbook for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (with lyrics by [[Charles Wesley]], 1707-1788).  The hymn uses the JUBILATE tune and has been in the church's hymnbook since 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LME 2017 April Hymn of the Month |url=https://www.hymns.com/store/pg/217-LME-2017-April-Hymn-of-the-Month.aspx#:~:text=The%20text%20varies%20somewhat%20between,45%20miles%20southeast%20of%20Leeds%20. |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.hymns.com}}</ref>

==Works==

===Choral===
*''King Trojan'' (1885)
*''The Kobolds''
*''Harold Harfagar'' (1891)
*''Hora Novissima'', Op. 30 (1893)
*''The Holy Child'', Op. 37 (1893)
*''The Legend of Saint Christopher'', Op.43 (1898)
*''A Wanderer's Psalm'', Op. 50 (1900)
*''A Star Song'', Op. 54, (1902)
*''The Shepherds' Vision'', Op. 63
*''Morven and the Grail'', Op. 79, an oratorio written for the centenary celebration of the [[Handel and Haydn Society]]<ref name=ea/> (1915)
*''In Heavenly Love Abiding''<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 1, 1916 |title=Best Six American Anthems |url=https://www.thediapason.com/sites/thediapason/files/191601TheDiapason.pdf |journal=[[The Diapason]] |volume=7 |issue=2 |page=1}}</ref>

===Operas===
*''[[Mona (opera)|Mona]]'', Op. 71 (1912)
*''Fairyland,'' Op. 77 (1915)

===Orchestral works===
*Concert Overture in E, Op. 4 (1884)
*''Regulus'', ''Overture héroïque'', Op. 5 (1884)
*''Venetian Overture'' in B, Op. 12 (1884)
*Scherzo in g, Op. 13 (1884)
*Symphony in C, Op. 7 (1885)
*''Count Robert of Paris'', Overture, Op. 24b (1890)
*''A Northern Ballad'', Op. 46 (1899)
*Organ Concerto in E-flat minor, Op. 55 (1902)
*''Vathek'', Op. 56 (1903)
*''Collegiate Overture'', Op. 72, with male chorus (1911)
*''Fairyland'' Suite, Op. 77d (1915)

===Orchestral songs===
*''Cahal Mor of the Wine-Red Hand'', Op. 40 (1893)
*''Crepuscule'', Op. 64 (1912)
*''The Red Cross Spirit Speaks'' (J. Finley), Op. 83 (1917)<ref>{{Cite news |date=1917-11-11 |title=The New York Symphony.; A New Symphony by Dubois-- Mme. Homer, Soloist |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-new-york-times-the-new-york-symphony/138637806/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |issn=0362-4331 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>
*''A. D. 1919'', A Commemorative Poem by Brian Hooker Set to Music by Horatio Parker (op.84) ["Published in Memory of the Two Hundred and Twenty-one Yale Men who Gave their Lives in the World War and in Recognition of the Service Rendered to the Allies by the Eight Thousand Yale Men who Responded to the Call to Arms"] - Published by Yale University Press in 1919.

===Organ===
*''Geschwindmarsch'' for 2 Organists (1881)
*4 Compositions, Op. 17 (1890) : 1. Concert Piece No 1 - 2. Impromptu - 3. Romanza - 4. ...
*4 Compositions, Op. 20 (1891) : 1. Melody and Intermezzo - 2. Wedding-Song - 3. ... - 4. Fantasie
*4 Compositions, Op. 28 (1891) : 1. ... - 2. Concert Piece No 2 - 3. Pastorella - 4. ...
*5 Sketches, Op. 32 (1893)
*4 Compositions, Op. 36 (1893) : 1. Canzonetta - 2. ... - 3. Fugue - 4. Eglogue
*3 Compositions (1896)
*Organ Sonata in E flat minor, Op. 65 (1908)
*4 Compositions, Op. 66 (1910) : 1. Festival Prelude - 2. Revery - 3. Postlude - 4. Scherzino
*5 Short Pieces, Op. 68 (1908)1. Canon In the Fifth - 2. Slumber-Song - 3. Novelette - 4. Arietta - 5. Risoluto
*Introduction and Fugue in e (1916)

===Chamber music===
*String Quartet in F, Op, 11 (1885)
*Suite for Piano Trio Op. 35 (1893)
*String Quintet in d, Op. 38 (1894)
*Suite in e, Op. 41 for Violin and Piano (1894)

===Piano===
*''Präsentirmarsch'' for 4 hands
*''5 Morceaux caractéristiques'', Op. 9 (1886)
*''4 Sketches'', Op. 19 (1890)
*''6 Lyrics'', Op. 23 (1891)
*''2 Compositions'' (1895)
*''3 Morceaux caractéristiques'', Op. 49 (1899)

==Notable students==
{{For LMST|Horatio|Parker}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20031120202856/http://www.artofthestates.org/cgi-bin/composer.pl?comp=129 Art of the States: Horatio Parker]}}
*{{IMSLP|id=Parker, Horatio|cname=Horatio Parker}}
*{{ChoralWiki}}
*[http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/music.mss.0032 The Horatio Parker Papers at Irving S. Gilmore Music Library, Yale University]
*[http://dmr.bsu.edu/cdm/search/collection/ShtMus/searchterm/Parker%2C%20Horatio%20W.%20(Horatio%20William)%2C%201863-1919/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/order/nosort Free Horatio Parker sheet music] in the Ball State University Digital Media Repository
*[http://hdl.handle.net/10079/fa/music.mss.0034 Papers at Yale University]
*[https://lccn.loc.gov/2016570560 The Parker Bailey Collection, 1930–1980] at the [[Library of Congress]]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Parker, Horatio}}
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1919 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century American classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American male musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century American classical composers]]
[[Category:American male classical composers]]
[[Category:Composers for piano]]
[[Category:American Romantic composers]]
[[Category:Classical musicians from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Musicians from Newton, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Oratorio composers]]
[[Category:Pupils of George Whitefield Chadwick]]
[[Category:Pupils of Josef Rheinberger]]
[[Category:Yale School of Music faculty]]