Editing Horsecar

{{Short description|Horse-powered tram or streetcar}}
{{About|equine-powered railcars|the type of stock car used to transport racehorses|Stock car (rail)#Specialized applications}}
[[File:First Horsecar in Manchester, NH.jpg|thumb|300px|right| The first horsecar in [[Manchester, New Hampshire]], dating from 1877, and on display {{circa|1908}}]]
A '''horsecar''', '''horse-drawn tram''', '''horse-drawn streetcar''' (U.S.), or '''horse-drawn railway''' (historical), is a [[tram]] or streetcar pulled by a horse.

== Summary ==
[[File:Horsetrain 1870.jpg|thumb|The [[Swansea and Mumbles Railway]] ran the world's first passenger tram service in 1807]]
The horse-drawn tram (horsecar) was an early form of [[public transport|public]] [[rail transport]], which developed out of [[wagonway|industrial haulage routes]] that had long been in existence, and from the [[Omnibus (Horse-drawn vehicle)|horse-drawn omnibus]] routes that first ran on public streets in the 1820s{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}, using the newly improved iron or steel rail or '[[Tramway (industrial)|tramway]]'. They were local versions of the [[stagecoach]] lines and picked up and dropped off passengers on a regular route, without the need to be pre-hired. Horsecars on tramlines were an improvement over the omnibus, because the low [[rolling resistance]] of metal wheels on [[iron]] or [[steel]] [[track (rail transport)|rails]] (usually [[Rail profile#Grooved rail|grooved]] [[Tram#History|from 1852 on]]) allowed the horses to haul a greater load for a given effort than the omnibus, and gave a smoother ride.

The horse-drawn streetcar combined the low cost, flexibility, and safety of animal power with the efficiency, smoothness, and all-weather capability of a rail track. Animal power at the time was seen as safer than steam power in that early locomotives frequently suffered from [[boiler explosion]]s. Rails were seen as all-weather because streets of the time might be poorly paved, or not paved at all, allowing wagon wheels to sink in mud during rain or snow.

==History==
=== Canada ===
In 1861, [[Toronto Street Railway]] horsecars replaced horse-drawn omnibuses as a public transit mode in [[Toronto]]. Electric streetcars later replaced the horsecars between 1892 and 1894. The Toronto Street Railway created Toronto's unique broad gauge of {{RailGauge|toronto}}. The streets were unpaved, and a [[Plateway#Combined plate and rail|step rail]] was employed.  The horsecars had flanged wheels and ran on the upper level of the step.  Ordinary wagons and carriages ran on the broad lower step inside.  This necessitated a wider gauge. This broad [[Toronto gauge]] is still used today by the [[Toronto streetcar system]] and three lines of the [[Toronto subway]].<ref name="Filey">
{{cite book|title=Not a One Horse Town | author-link = Mike Filey | first = Mike | last = Filey | isbn = 0-9691501-1-3 | location = [[North York|North York, Ontario]] | publisher = [[Firefly Books]] | year = 1986 |page=unpaged }}</ref> The [[Metropolitan Street Railway (Toronto)|Metropolitan Street Railway]] operated a horsecar line in then-suburban [[North Toronto]] from 1885 until the line was electrified in 1890; this horsecar line also used Toronto gauge.<ref name=RTR1>
{{cite book
| url         = http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDM255028&R=255028
| title       = Riding the Radials, Toronto's Suburban Electric Streetcar Lines
| author      = Robert M. Stamp
| publisher   = The Boston Mills Press
| year        = 1989
| access-date  = 2016-04-16
| isbn        = 1-55046-008-0
| quote       = Chapter 1 - The Spinal Cord of Yonge Street
}}</ref>

There were a number of horse car operators in Canadian cities in the mid to late 1800s, including in: [[Kitchener and Waterloo Street Railway#Construction and horsecar era|Kitchener-Waterloo]], [[Streetcars in London, Ontario|London]], [[Streetcars in Montreal#Horsecars|Montreal]], [[Ottawa#Post-Confederation|Ottawa]], [[Quebec City tramway (1865–1948)#Horsecars|Quebec City]], [[Railway City Transit|St. Thomas]], [[Toronto streetcar system#Pre-TTC history (1861–1921)|Toronto]], and [[Winnipeg Transit#1882–1899: Winnipeg Street Railway Company|Winnipeg]].<ref>{{Multiref2 |1={{cite book |title=Traction on The Grand: The Story of Electric Railways along Ontario's Grand River Valley |chapter=Chapter VI: Berlin & Waterloo Street Railway, Kitchener–Waterloo Railways |first=John M. |last=Mills |publisher=Railfare Enterprises |date=1977 |isbn=0-919130-27-5 |page=36}} |2={{Cite web |url=https://skyrisecities.com/news/2016/05/once-upon-tram-london-street-railway-companys-60-year-run-ontario |title=Once Upon a Tram: The London Street Railway Company's 60-year Run in Ontario |first=Adrian |last=Gamble |date=16 May 2016 |website=[[SkyriseCities]]}} |3={{Cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-s-tramway-history-1.1876471 |title=Montreal's tramway history: Is a tramway renaissance already dead in Montreal? |work=[[CBC News]] |first=Rana |last=Liu |date=7 October 2013}} |4={{Cite book |last=Van de Wetering |first=Marion |title=An Ottawa Album: Glimpses of the Way We Were |year=1997 |publisher=Dundurn |isbn=0-88882-195-6 |page=28 |url={{GBurl|jRkxGw291AcC|p=28}}}} |5={{Cite web |url=https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/quebec-qc.html |website=All-Time List of Canadian Transit Systems |title=Quebec, Quebec |first=David A. |last=Wyatt |date=26 June 2015}} |6={{Cite web |url=https://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/saint-thomas-on.html |website=All-Time List of Canadian Transit Systems |title=St. Thomas, Ontario |first=David A. |last=Wyatt |date=26 June 2015}} |7={{Cite web |url=http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~wyatt/alltime/toronto-suburbs-on.html |website=All-Time List of Canadian Transit Systems |title=Toronto Region, Ontario |first=David A.|last=Wyatt |date=1 July 2023}} |8={{Cite web |title=A History of Transportation in Winnipeg |first=Walter E. |last=Bradley |date=1958 |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/transportation.shtml |website=[[Manitoba Historical Society]]}} }}</ref>

===Continental Europe===

The first horse-drawn rail cars in [[Continental Europe]] were operated from 1828 by the [[Czech rail records|České Budějovice - Linz railway]], cities currently lying in [[Czech Republic|Czechia]] and [[Austria]] respectively. Europe saw a proliferation of horsecar use for new tram services from the mid-1860s, with [[List of town tramway systems in Europe|many towns]] building new networks.
=== India ===
{{main|Trams in India}}
The first horse-drawn trams in India ran a {{convert|2.4|mi|km|adj=on}} distance between [[Sealdah]] and Armenian Ghat Street on 24 February 1873. The service was discontinued on 20 November of that year.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com">[http://www.calcuttatramways.com/history.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927004918/http://www.calcuttatramways.com/history.aspx|date=2013-09-27}} CTC website. Accessed 16 August 2013.</ref> The Calcutta Tramway Company was formed and registered in London on 22 December 1880. Metre-gauge horse-drawn tram tracks were laid from Sealdah to Armenian Ghat via Bowbazar Street, Dalhousie Square and Strand Road. The route was inaugurated by [[George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon|Viceroy Ripon]] on 1 November 1880.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com"/> In 1882, steam locomotives were deployed experimentally to haul tram cars. By the end of the 19th century the company owned 166 tram cars, 1000 horses, seven steam locomotives and 19 miles of tram tracks.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com"/> In 1900, electrification of the tramway and reconstruction of its tracks to {{RailGauge|ussg}} ([[standard gauge]]) began.<ref name="calcuttatramways.com"/> In 1902, the first electric tramcar in India ran from [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]] to [[Kidderpore]] on 27 March and on 14 June from Esplanade to [[Kalighat]].

The Bombay Tramway Company was set up in 1873. After a contract was signed between the Bombay Tramway Company, the municipality and the Stearns and Kitteredge company, the Bombay Presidency enacted the Bombay Tramways Act, 1874 licensing the company to run a horsecar tram service in the city.<ref>{{cite book |title=Quarterly journal of the Local Self Government Institute (Mumbai) |chapter=Growth of Mumbai & its Municipal Corporation|year= 1976|page=13}}</ref> On 9 May 1874 the first horse-drawn carriage made its début in the city, plying the [[Colaba]]–[[Pydhone]] via [[Crawford Market]], and [[Bori Bunder]] to [[Pydhonie]] via [[Kalbadevi]] routes. The initial fare was three [[Indian anna|annas]] (15 [[Paisa|paise]] pre-decimalisation), and no tickets were issued. As the service became increasingly popular, the fare was reduced to two annas (10 pre-decimalisation paise). Later that year, tickets were issued to curb increasing ticket-less travel.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mumbai, the city of dreams: a history of the first city in India |last=David|first=M. D.|year=1995 |publisher=Himalaya Publishing House|pages=199–200}}</ref> Stearns and Kitteredge reportedly had a stable of 1,360 horses over the lifetime of  the service.<ref name="haltstn">{{cite book |last1=Aklekar |first1=Rajendra B |title=Halt station India : the dramatic tale of the nation's first rail lines |year=2014 |publisher=[[Rupa & Co]] |isbn=9788129134974 |page=193 |access-date=23 April 2019 |url=http://rupapublications.co.in/books/halt-station-india/ }}</ref>

===United Kingdom===
[[File:London Tramways Horse tram.jpg|thumb|London Tramways two-horse tram, about 1890.]]
The first tram services in the world were started by the [[Swansea and Mumbles Railway]] in [[Wales]], using specially designed carriages on an existing tramline built for [[Dandy waggon|horse-drawn freight dandies]]. Fare-paying passengers were carried on a line between [[Oystermouth]], [[Mumbles]] and [[Swansea Docks]] from 1807. The [[Gloucester and Cheltenham Tramroad]] (1809) carried passengers although its main purpose was freight.

In spite of its early start, it took many years for horse-drawn streetcars to become widely acceptable across Britain; the American [[George Francis Train]] first introduced them to [[Birkenhead Corporation Tramways]]' predecessor in [[Birkenhead]] in 1860 but was jailed for "breaking and injuring" the highway when he next tried to lay the first tram tracks on the roads of [[Trams in London|London]]. An [[Tramways Act 1870|1870 Act of Parliament]] overcame these legal obstacles by defining responsibilities and for the next three decades many [[List of town tramway systems in the United Kingdom|local tramway companies]] were founded, using horse-drawn carriages, until replaced by [[Cable car (railway)|cable]], steam or electric traction. Many companies adopted a design of a partly enclosed [[Double-decker tram|double-decker]] carriage hauled by two horses. The last horse-drawn tram was retired from London in 1915. Horses continued to be used for light shunting well into the 20th century. The last horse used for shunting on British Railways was retired on [[1967 in rail transport#February|21 February 1967]] in [[Newmarket, Suffolk]].

===United States===
In the [[United States]] the very first streetcar appeared in New Orleans in 1832, operated by the [[Pontchartrain Railroad]] Company, followed by those in 1832 on the [[New York and Harlem Railroad]] in [[New York City]].<ref name="middleton">[[William D. Middleton|Middleton, William D.]] (1967). ''The Time of the Trolley'', pp. 13 and 424. Milwaukee: [[Kalmbach Publishing]]. {{ISBN|0-89024-013-2}}.</ref> The latter cars were designed by [[John Stephenson (coachbuilder)|John Stephenson]] of [[New Rochelle, New York]], and constructed at his [[John Stephenson Company|company]] in New York City.  The earliest streetcars used horses and sometimes mules, usually two as a team, to haul the cars. Rarely, other animals were tried, including humans in emergency circumstances. By the mid-1880s, there were 415 street railway companies in the US operating over {{convert|6,000|mi|km}} of track and carrying 188 million passengers per year using horsecars. By 1890 New Yorkers took 297 horsecar rides per capita per year. The average street car horse had a life expectancy of about two years.<ref name=MorrisHorsepower>{{cite magazine
 |url=http://www.uctc.net/access/30/Access%2030%20-%2002%20-%20Horse%20Power.pdf 
 |title=From Horse Power to Horsepower
 |publisher=University of California Transportation Center
 |author=Eric Morris
 |date=Spring 2007 
 |magazine=Access
 |issue=30
 |pages=2–9
 |location=Berkeley, CA
 |access-date=2014-02-17 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124204000/http://www.uctc.net/access/30/Access%2030%20-%2002%20-%20Horse%20Power.pdf 
 |archive-date=2014-01-24 
}}</ref>
===Elsewhere===
[[File:Dzoyaxché (Mérida), Yucatán (01).ogv|thumb|right|Several horsecar lines still operate in the Yucatán, like this one at [[Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché]].]]Tropical plantations (for products such as [[henequen]] and [[banana]]s) made extensive use of animal-powered trams for both passengers and freight, often employing the [[Decauville]] [[narrow gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] portable track system. In some cases these systems were very extensive and evolved into [[interurban]] tram networks (as in the [[Yucatan]], which sported over {{convert|3,000|km|mi|sp=us}} of such lines). Surviving examples may be found in both [[Brazil]]<ref name="tsfr">{{cite web|url=http://www.tsfr.org/~efbrazil/efs_decauville.html|title=E.F.S. - The Decauville Section|access-date=2008-12-23}}</ref> and the Yucatán,<ref name="morrison_yucatan">{{cite web|url=http://www.tramz.com/mx/yu/yu70.html|title=The Tramways of Yucatán - Part 4|author=Allen Morrison|access-date=2008-12-23}}</ref> and some examples in the latter still use horsecars.<ref name="BlickpunktStraßenbahn">{{Cite web|title=Trams of the World 2024|url=https://blickpunktstrab.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tramsderwelt2024.pdf|publisher=Blickpunkt Straßenbahn|date=January 3, 2024|access-date=July 12, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226201629/https://blickpunktstrab.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/tramsderwelt2024.pdf|archive-date=February 26, 2024}}</ref>

===Decline===
Problems with horsecars included the fact that any given horse could only work so many hours on a given day, had to be housed, groomed, fed and cared for day in and day out, and produced prodigious amounts of manure,<ref name=MorrisHorsepower/> which the streetcar company was charged with storing and then disposing. Since a typical horse pulled a streetcar for about a dozen miles ({{convert|12|mi|km|disp=output only}}) a day and worked for four or five hours, many systems needed ten or more horses in stable for each horsecar. In London, the working life of a tram horse was four years whereas it was six months longer hauling buses. This was due to the extra effort needed to start and stop the heavier tramcars.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kidner |first1=W. W. |title=The London Tramcar 1861-1952 |date=1951 |publisher=Oakwood Press |location=Oxford |isbn=0-85361-443-4 |page=15 |edition=1992}}</ref>

Horsecars were largely replaced by electric-powered [[Tram|streetcars]] following the introduction of electric powered streetcars in the 1880s. The first public electric tramway used for permanent service was the [[Gross-Lichterfelde tramway]] in [[Lichterfelde (Berlin)|Lichterfelde]] near Berlin in Germany, which opened in 1881. This was the world's first commercially successful electric tram. It drew current from the rails at first, with [[Overhead line|overhead wire]] being installed in 1883.<ref>Hearst Magazines (May 1929). "Popular Mechanics". ''Popular Mechanics''. Hearst Magazines. p. 750.</ref> [[Frank J. Sprague|Frank J. Sprague's]] spring-loaded [[trolley pole]] used a wheel to travel along the wire. In late 1887 and early 1888, using his trolley system, Sprague installed the first successful large electric street railway system in [[Richmond, Virginia]]. 
Long a transportation obstacle, the hills of Richmond included grades of over 10%, and were an excellent proving ground for acceptance of the new technology in other cities. Within a year, the economy of electric power had replaced more costly horsecars in many cities. By 1889, 110 electric railways incorporating Sprague's equipment had been begun or planned on several continents.

Many large metropolitan lines lasted well into the early twentieth century. [[New York City]] had a regular horsecar service on the [[Bleecker Street Line]] until its closure in 1917.<ref>[http://www.cable-car-guy.com/html/ccmiscnpart.html#nylasthc "New York Loses its Last Horse Car"  New York Times; Friday, July 29, 1917. Page 12 (Cable Car Lines in New York and New Jersey)]</ref> [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], had its Sarah Street line drawn by horses until 1923. The last regular mule-drawn cars in the US ran in [[Sulphur Rock, Arkansas]], until 1926 and were commemorated by a [[U.S. postage stamp]] issued in 1983.<ref name="encyclopediaofarkansas">{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=3727|title=Sulphur Rock Street Car; Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture|access-date=2008-12-23}}</ref>
[[Toronto]]'s horse-drawn streetcar operations ended in 1891.<ref name=FileyHorsepower>{{cite book
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cw6yAF4EHCAC 
 |title=From Horse Power to Horsepower: Toronto: 1890-1930 
 |publisher=[[Dundurn Press]] 
 |author=Mike Filey 
 |author-link=Mike Filey 
 |date=1996 
 |page=74 
 |isbn=9781554881734 
}}</ref> In other countries animal-powered tram services often continued well into the 20th century; the last mule tram service in [[Mexico City]] ended in 1932, and a mule tram in [[Celaya, Mexico]], survived until 1954.<ref name="morrison_celaya">{{cite web
|url=http://www.tramz.com/mx/ce/ce.html|title=The Indomitable Tramways of Celaya|author=Allen Morrison|access-date=2008-12-22}}</ref>

==Operational horsecars==
A few original horsecar lines have survived or have been revived as tourist attractions, and in recent years several replica horsecar lines have been built. Below is a list of locations around the world with operational horsecars that are open to the public.

{|class=wikitable
!Location
!Image
!Coordinates
!Location
!Country
!width=70|Track gauge
!Year<br>originally<br>built
!Notes
|-
|Cuzamá Cenote Tours
|[[File:Transporte a Cenotes Cuzamá.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|20.719964|N|89.383439|W|type:landmark|name=Cuzamá Cenote Tours}}</small>
|[[Cuzamá Municipality]], Yucatán
|{{Flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico
|{{TrackGauge|500mm|lk=on}}
|After 1875
|Two competing horsecar services use the same stretch of track leading to the [[cenote]]s, with one service originating from a branch ending in the southern outskirts of [[Cuzamá]], and the other from a branch ending a short distance further south in Chunkanán.<ref name=cenotes>{{cite web|title=The Cenotes of Cuzamá|url=http://www.yucatanliving.com/destinations/the-cenotes-of-cuzama-chunkanan.htm|website=Yucatan Living|publisher=Yucatan Living|accessdate=6 July 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706114832/http://www.yucatanliving.com/destinations/the-cenotes-of-cuzama-chunkanan.htm|archivedate=6 July 2015}}</ref>
|-
|[[Döbeln Tramway]]
|[[File:Doebeln-straba.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|51.119467|N|13.119690|E|type:landmark|name=Döbeln Tramway}}</small>
|[[Döbeln]], Saxony
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} Germany
|{{TrackGauge|1000mm|allk=on}}
|1892
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Döbeln Tramway – official website (in German)|url=http://www.doebelner-pferdebahn.de/|publisher=Traditionsverein "Döbelner Pferdebahn e.V."|access-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529065044/http://www.doebelner-pferdebahn.de/|archive-date=May 29, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Douglas Bay Horse Tramway]]
|[[File:Douglas-IOM-horse-tram1.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|54.167378|N|4.460777|W|type:landmark|name=Douglas Bay Horse Tramway}}</small>
|[[Douglas, Isle of Man|Douglas]]
|{{Flagicon|Isle of Man}} Isle of Man
|{{TrackGauge|3ft|lk=on}}
|1876
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Douglas Bay Horse Tramway – official website|url=http://www.douglashorsetramway.net/|publisher=Isle of Man Heritage Railways|access-date=August 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031213172748/http://www.douglashorsetramway.net/|archive-date=December 13, 2003|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Ghora Tram
|
|<small>{{Coord|31.450257|N|73.563902|E|type:landmark|name=Ghora Tram}}</small>
|[[Ghangha Pur]], Punjab
|{{Flagicon|Pakistan}} Pakistan
|{{TrackGauge|2ft|lk=on}}
|1898
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=''Ghora Tram:'' Historic Horse Tram Returns to Gangapur!|url=http://www.irfca.org/articles/horse-tram-pakistan.html|publisher=Indian Railways Fan Club|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché]]
|[[File:Dzoyaxché (Mérida), Yucatán (02).ogv|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|20.788693|N|89.590334|W|type:landmark|name=Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché}}</small>
|[[Mérida Municipality]], Yucatán
|{{Flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico
|{{TrackGauge|500mm}}
|After 1875
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hacienda San Nicolás Dzoyaxché – official website|url=https://www.merida.gob.mx/sustentable/contacto/hacienda-dzoyache.phpx|publisher=Mérida Sustentable|access-date=July 12, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|Hacienda Sotuta de Peón
|
|<small>{{Coord|20.742847|N|89.573903|W|type:landmark|name=Hacienda Sotuta de Peón}}</small>
|[[Tecoh Municipality]], Yucatán
|{{Flagicon|Mexico}} Mexico
|{{TrackGauge|500mm}}
|After 1875
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hacienda Sotuta de Peón – official website|url=https://www.haciendaviva.com/en|publisher=Hacienda Sotuta de Peón|access-date=July 12, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[Historical Village of Hokkaido]]
|[[File:220722 Historical Village of Hokkaido Sapporo Hokkaido Japan90s5.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|43.044230|N|141.499428|E|type:landmark|name=Historical Village of Hokkaido}}</small>
|[[Sapporo]], Hokkaido
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} Japan
|{{TrackGauge|2ft6in|lk=on}}
|1983
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historical Village of Hokkaido – official website (in Japanese)|url=http://www.kaitaku.or.jp/|publisher=Historical Village of Hokkaido Foundation|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Main Street Vehicles#Disneyland Park (Paris)|Horse-Drawn Streetcars (Disneyland Park (Paris))]]
|[[File:Disneyland Paryż 2013 (14).JPG|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|48.871276|N|2.779073|E|type:landmark|name=Horse-Drawn Streetcars (Disneyland Park (Paris))}}</small>
|[[Marne-la-Vallée]], Île-de-France
|{{Flagicon|France}} France
|{{TrackGauge|3ft}}
|1992
|Located in [[Disneyland Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Horse-Drawn Streetcars (Disneyland Park (Paris)) – official website|url=http://www.disneylandparis.co.uk/attractions/disneyland-park/horse-drawn-streetcars/|publisher=[[Walt Disney Parks and Resorts]]|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{Interlanguage link multi|Pferdeeisenbahn Budweis–Linz–Gmunden#Pferdeeisenbahn-Wanderweg|de|lt=Kerschbaum Horse-Drawn Railway}}
|[[File:Austrian horse railway1.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|48.584936|N|14.470366|E|type:landmark|name=Pferdeeisenbahn (Kerschbaum)}}</small>
|[[Rainbach im Mühlkreis]], Upper Austria
|{{Flagicon|Austria}} Austria
|{{TrackGauge|1106mm|lk=on}}
|1828
|Reconstructed portion of the [[České Budějovice|Budweis]]-[[Linz]]-[[Gmunden]] Horse Railway, the first railway line in [[Continental Europe]] to carry passengers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerschbaum Horse-Drawn Railway – official website (in German)|url=http://www.pferdeeisenbahn.at/|publisher=Verein Freunde der Pferdeeisenbahn|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{Interlanguage link multi|小岩井農場|jp|lt=Koiwai Farm}}
|[[File:Koiwai farm - panoramio (1).jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|39.753788|N|141.020163|E|type:landmark|name=Koiwai Farm}}</small>
|[[Shizukuishi, Iwate|Shizukuishi]], Iwate
|{{Flagicon|Japan}} Japan
|{{TrackGauge|3ft}}
|1904
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Koiwai Farm – official website|url=http://www.koiwai.co.jp/makiba/|publisher=Koiwai Farm Ltd.|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Main Street Vehicles#Disneyland|Main Street Vehicles (Disneyland)]]
|[[File:Disneyland-HorseDrawnStreetcar.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|33.810506|N|117.919564|W|type:landmark|name=Main Street Vehicles (Disneyland)}}</small>
|[[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]], California
|{{Flagicon|USA}} US
|{{TrackGauge|3ft}}
|1955
|Located in the [[Disneyland Resort]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Main Street Vehicles (Disneyland) – official website|url=https://disneyland.disney.go.com/attractions/disneyland/main-street-vehicles/|publisher=Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|[[Main Street Vehicles#Magic Kingdom|Main Street Vehicles (Magic Kingdom)]]
|[[File:Horse trolley Main street Circle Magic Kingdom Walt Disney World.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|28.417105|N|81.581644|W|type:landmark|name=Main Street Vehicles (Magic Kingdom)}}</small>
|[[Bay Lake, Florida|Bay Lake]], Florida
|{{Flagicon|USA}} US
|{{TrackGauge|3ft}}
|1971
|Located in [[Walt Disney World]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Main Street Vehicles (Magic Kingdom) – official website|url=https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/attractions/magic-kingdom/main-street-vehicles/|publisher=Walt Disney Parks and Resorts|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|{{Interlanguage link multi|Tramwaj konny w Mrozach|pl|lt=Mrozy Horse Tram}}
|[[File:Tram Mrozy.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|52.162412|N|21.806021|E|type:landmark|name=Mrozy Horse Tram}}</small>
|[[Mrozy,_Mińsk_County|Mrozy]], Masovian Voivodeship
|{{Flagicon|Poland}} Poland
|{{TrackGauge|1000mm|al=on}}
|1908
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mrozy Horse Tram – official website (in Polish)|url=https://gosir.mrozy.pl/tramwaj-konny|publisher=GOSiR Mrozy|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|Rösslitram
|[[File:50 Jahre Knie's Kinderzoo 2012-10-03 15-10-48.JPG|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|47.223456|N|8.822244|E|type:landmark|name=Rösslitram}}</small>
|[[Rapperswil]], St. Gallen
|{{Flagicon|CH}} Switzerland
|{{TrackGauge|2ft}}
|1962
|Located in [[Knie's Kinderzoo]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Knie's Kinderzoo – official website|url=https://www.knieskinderzoo.ch/zooherzig/startseite/|publisher=Knie's Kinderzoo|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{Interlanguage link multi|Spiekerooger Inselbahn|de|lt=Spiekeroog Museum Horse-Drawn Tram}}
|[[File:Spiekeroog-Museumspferdebahn 2.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|53.769413|N|7.689123|E|type:landmark|name=Spiekeroog Museum Horse-Drawn Tram}}</small>
|[[Spiekeroog]], Lower Saxony
|{{Flagicon|Germany}} Germany
|{{TrackGauge|1000mm|al=on}}
|1885
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Spiekeroog Museum Horse-Drawn Tram – official website (in German)|url=https://www.spiekeroog.de/museumspferdebahn|publisher=Nordseebad Spiekeroog GmbH|access-date=July 11, 2024}}</ref>
|-
|[[Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram]]
|[[File:20040610 Victor Harbor Tramway.jpg|150px]]
|<small>{{Coord|35.556095|S|138.624294|E|type:landmark|name=Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram}}</small>
|[[Victor Harbor, South Australia|Victor Harbor]], South Australia
|{{Flagicon|Australia}} Australia
|{{TrackGauge|5ft3in|lk=on}}
|1864
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram – official website|url=http://horsedrawntram.com.au/|publisher=Victor Harbor Horse Drawn Tram|access-date=August 26, 2016}}</ref>
|}

{{Clear right}}

==See also==
{{Portal|Horses|Trains}}
{{colbegin}}
*[[Cable car (railway)]]
*[[Carville (San Francisco, California)|Carville (San Francisco)]]
*[[Dandy waggon]]
*[[Hay Railway]]
*[[List of horse-drawn railways]]
*[[Omaha Horse Railway]]
*[[Rail transport in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts]]
*[[Slate waggon]]
*[[Trolley (horse-drawn)]]
*[[Wagonway]] (horse-drawn railways)
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20031213172748/http://www.douglashorsetramway.net/ The oldest surviving horse drawn tramway operating in Douglas on the Isle of Man]

{{Commons category|Horse-drawn trams}}
*[http://www.tranviadebogota.com Colombia's horsecar history and restoration process] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630164628/http://www.tranviadebogota.com/ |date=2018-06-30 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070313000752/http://64.71.57.101/hc-horsecars.htm History of Columbus, Ohio horsecar lines from 1863 to 1892]
*[http://www.pa-trolley.org Pennsylvania Trolley Museum]
*[http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_072002_thehorsecar.htm Reader's Companion to American History, Public Transportation: the Horsecar]
*[http://www.transitgloriamundi.com/trolley_videos/trolley/narration.html ''Trolleys: The Cars That Built Our Cities'' by Transit Gloria Mundi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211022018/http://www.transitgloriamundi.com/trolley_videos/trolley/narration.html |date=2021-02-11 }}

{{Horse-drawn carriages}}
{{Public transport}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Horse-drawn railways| ]]
[[Category:Horse transportation]]