Editing Hungarian Defence Forces

{{Short description|Combined military forces of Hungary}}
{{Infobox national military
| name               = Hungarian Defence Forces
| native_name        = {{lang|hu|Magyar Honvédség}}
| image              = Emblem of the Hungarian Defence Forces.svg
| image_size         = 150px
| alt                = 
| caption            = Emblem of the Hungarian Defence Forces
| image2             = Flag of the Hungarian Defence Forces.svg
| alt2               = 
| caption2           = Flag of the Hungarian Defence Forces
| motto              = {{lang|hu|A hazáért}}<br />({{translation|For the homeland}})
| founded            = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1848|05|16}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Csákváriné Kottra|first=Györgyi|title=Magyar zászlók a honfoglalástól napjainkig|year=2011|publisher=Kossuth Kiadó|location=Budapest|isbn=978-963-09-6494-4|page=99}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tarján|first=Tamás|author-link=:hu:Tarján Tamás|title=A Batthyány-kormány megalapítja a magyar honvédsereget|language=hu|trans-title=16 May 1848: Hungarian National Army Formed By Batthyány Government|url=http://www.rubicon.hu/magyar/oldalak/1848_majus_16_a_batthyany_kormany_megalapitja_a_magyar_honvedsereget/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627225400/http://www.rubicon.hu/magyar/oldalak/1848_majus_16_a_batthyany_kormany_megalapitja_a_magyar_honvedsereget/|archive-date=2011-06-27|work=Rubicon|access-date=9 June 2014}}</ref>
| current_form       = 15 March 1990<ref>{{cite journal|title=A honvédelmi miniszter 2/1990. (III. 31.) HM rendelete a honvédségi szervezetek elnevezéséről és bélyegzőhasználatáról|journal=Honvédségi Közlöny|date=5 May 1990|volume=46|issue=7|page=137|editor=HM Igazgatási és Jogi Főosztály|publisher=Zrínyi Katonai Könyv- és Lapkiadó}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1990. évi XVI. törvény a Magyar Köztársaság Alkotmányának módosításáról |url=http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3&param=8672 |work=1000 év törvényei |access-date=9 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714171548/http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3&param=8672 |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref>
| disbanded          = 
| branches           = {{army|Hungary}}<br />{{air force|Hungary}}
| headquarters       = [[Budapest]]
| website            = {{URL|defence.hu/}}
<!-- Leadership -->
| commander-in-chief = [[Tamás Sulyok]]
| commander-in-chief_title = [[President of Hungary|President]]
| chief minister     = [[Viktor Orbán]]
| chief minister_title = [[Prime Minister of Hungary|Prime Minister]]
| minister           = [[Kristóf Szalay-Bobrovniczky]]
| minister_title     = {{nowrap|[[Minister of Defence (Hungary)|Minister of Defence]]}}
| commander          = Colonel general [[Gábor Böröndi]]
| commander_title    = [[Chief of General Staff (Hungary)|Chief of General Staff]]
<!-- Manpower -->
| age                = 18–50<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parlament.hu/irom41/03621/03621.pdf|title=Törvényjavaslat címe: A honvédelmi alkalmazottak jogállásáról|language=hu|trans-title=Bill Title: On the legal status of national defense employees}}</ref> years of age<ref>{{cite web|title=2013. évi XCVII. törvény a honvédségi adatkezelésről, az egyes honvédelmi kötelezettségek teljesítésével kapcsolatos katonai igazgatási feladatokról.Zrínyi 2026 is a plan,to enlarge the number military personers to 40.000.|url=http://jab.complex.hu/doc.php?docid=WKHU-QJ-XML-000000A1300097TV |work=CompLex Hatályos Jogszabályok Gyűjteménye |access-date=9 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714161415/http://jab.complex.hu/doc.php?docid=WKHU-QJ-XML-000000A1300097TV |archive-date=14 July 2014 }}</ref>
| conscription       = No (suspended on 3 November 2004)<ref>{{cite book|title=Katonai alapismeretek|year=2010|publisher=Zrínyi Kiadó|location=Budapest|isbn=978-963-327-490-3|page=5|url=http://www.ekonyvtar.zrinyimedia.hu/container/files/attachments/24338/katonai_alapismeretek.pdf|access-date=2014-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217152257/http://ekonyvtar.zrinyimedia.hu/container/files/attachments/24338/katonai_alapismeretek.pdf|archive-date=2011-12-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| manpower_data      = 
| manpower_age       = 
| available          = 
| available_f        = 
| fit                = 
| fit_f              = 
| reaching           = 
| reaching_f         = 
| active             = 41,600<ref>{{cite web |url=https://honvedelem.hu/hirek/hazai-hirek/elfogadta-az-orszaggyules-a-magyar-honvedseg-hivatasos-katonai-letszamat.html) |title= Parliament approved the number of professional military personnel of the Hungarian Defence Forces |website=honvedelem.hu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106160022/https://honvedelem.hu/hirek/hazai-hirek/elfogadta-az-orszaggyules-a-magyar-honvedseg-hivatasos-katonai-letszamat.html |archive-date=2021-11-06}}</ref>
| ranked             = 
| reserve            = 20,000<ref>{{cite web| url = https://abouthungary.hu/news-in-brief/hungary-to-increase-its-military-reserves-to-20000-by-2026)| title = About Hungary - Hungary to increase its military reserves to 20,000 by 2026| date = 2 October 2017}}</ref>
| deployed           = 868 (2019){{sfn|IISS|2020|p=116}}
<!-- Financial -->
| amount             = $5.23 billion (2024)<ref name="defence.hu">{{cite web| url = https://defence.hu/news/resources-necessary-for-hungary-s-defence-are-secured-in-times-of-war-as-well.html| title = Kristóf Szalay-Bobrovniczky noted that together with the National Defence Fund, the 2024 defence budget passed by the National Assembly includes HUF 1823.1 billion. (1823.1 / 348.9 (USD/HUF exch. rate) = $5.23 billion | date = 18 Jan 2024}}</ref> ([[List of countries by military expenditures|ranked 41st]])
| percent_GDP        = 2.14% (2024)<ref name="defence.hu" />
<!-- Industrial -->
| domestic_suppliers = 
| foreign_suppliers  = {{flag|Czech Republic}}<br />{{flag|France}}<br />{{flag|Germany}}<br />{{flag|Italy}}<br />{{flag|Sweden}}<br />{{flag|Turkey}}<br />{{flag|United States}}<br />Former:<br />{{USSR}}
| imports            = 
| exports            = 
<!-- Related articles -->
| history            = [[Military history of Hungary]]
| ranks              = [[Military ranks of Hungary]]
}}

The '''Hungarian Defence Forces''' ({{langx|hu|Magyar Honvédség|lit=Hungarian Homeland-Guard}}, {{IPA|hu|ˈmɒɟɒr ˈhonveːt͡ʃːeːg}}) is the national [[armed forces|defence force]] of [[Hungary]]. Since 2007, the Hungarian Armed Forces has been under a unified command structure. The Ministry of Defence maintains political and civil control over the army. A subordinate Joint Forces Command coordinates and commands the HDF corps. In 2020, the armed forces had 22,700 personnel on active duty. In 2019, military spending was $1.904 billion, about 1.22% of the country's GDP, well below the NATO target of 2%.<ref name=SIPRI-2019>[https://www.sipri.org/databases/milex Stockholm International Peace Research Institute: Military Expenditure Database], sipri.org, accessed 18 July 2020 (download data for all countries from 1949 to 2019 as an Excel spreadsheet).</ref> In 2016, the government adopted a resolution in which it pledged to increase defence spending to 2.0% of GDP and the number of active personnel to 37,650 by 2026.{{sfn|IISS|2020|p=115}}<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-focuses-on-military-improvement-to-meet-nato-requirements/|title=Hungary Focuses on Military Improvement to Meet NATO Requirements|date=25 October 2018|publisher=hungarytoday.hu|access-date=13 July 2019}}</ref>

[[Military service]] is voluntary, though [[conscription]] may occur in wartime. In a significant move for modernization, Hungary decided in 2001 to buy 14 [[JAS 39 Gripen]] fighter aircraft for about €800 million. It also bought two used Airbus A319 and two Falcon 7X transport aircraft. Three C-17 III Globemaster transport aircraft are operating from Pápa Air Base under Hungarian nationality mark but are maintained by the NATO [[Heavy Airlift Wing]] (HAW). An intensive modernization program started in 2016 under the name "Zrínyi 2026". New helicopters, tanks, IFVs and artillery equipment were purchased beside others. Hungarian National Cyber Security Center was re-organized in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.enisa.europa.eu/about-enisa/structure-organization/national-liaison-office/meetings/june-2016/revised-hungarian-it-security-policy|title=Revised Hungarian IT Security Policy|publisher=National Cyber Security Center|access-date=20 November 2016}}</ref>

As of 2016, the Hungarian military has about 700 troops stationed in foreign countries as part of international peacekeeping forces, including 100 HDF troops in the [[NATO]]-led [[ISAF]] force in [[Afghanistan]], 210 Hungarian soldiers in [[Kosovo]] under command of [[Kosovo Force|KFOR]], and 160 troops in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. Hungary sent a 300-strong logistics unit to Iraq in order to help the US occupation with armed transport convoys, though public opinion opposed the country's participation in the war. One soldier was [[killed in action]] by a roadside bomb in Iraq.

During the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]], the HDF drove Habsburg forces from the country in the [[Spring Campaign]] of 1849, but was defeated by an Austro-Russian offensive in the summer. The [[Royal Hungarian Honvéd]] was established in 1868. During World War I, out of the eight million men mobilized by [[Austria-Hungary]], over one million died. [[Conscription]] was introduced on a national basis in 1939. The peacetime strength of the [[Royal Hungarian Army]] grew to 80,000 men organized into seven corps commands.<ref name="ReferenceA">Mollo, Andrew, ''The Armed Forces of World War II'', Crown, 1981, New York, p. 207. {{ISBN|0-517-54478-4}}.</ref> During World War II the [[Hungarian Second Army]] was destroyed on the banks of the [[Don River (Russia)|Don River]] in December 1942 in the [[Battle of Stalingrad]]. During the Socialist and the [[Warsaw Pact]] era (1947–1989), the entire 200,000 strong [[Southern Group of Forces]] was garrisoned in Hungary, complete with artillery, tank regiments, air force and missile troops with nuclear weapons.

== Structure ==
{{main|Structure of the Hungarian Defence Forces}}

[[File:Hungarian Armed Forces Organization 2022.png|thumb|right|300px|Structure of the Hungarian Defence Forces, 2018 (click image to enlarge)]]

== Flag and emblem ==
The central element of the emblem of the Hungarian Defence Forces is the [[Turul]] bird with extended wings holding the sword of King [[Stephen I of Hungary|Saint Stephen]] in its claws. The element is surrounded by a [[Quercus cerris|turkey oak branch]] on the right and an [[Olive|olive branch]] on the left. At the meeting point of the branches is the "Hungarian Defense Shield" in the [[Flag of Hungary|national color]]. The inscription ''"A HAZÁÉRT"'' can be read at the top as "for the homeland", and ''"MAGYAR HONVÉDSÉG"'' can be read in a semicircle at the bottom as "Hungarian Defence Forces". The flag of the Hungarian Defence Forces is white, and the emblem is placed in the middle of the flag.<ref>{{Cite journal |last= |first= |date=7 September 2021 |title=Honvédelmi közlöny |trans-title=National defense bulletin |url=http://www.kozlonyok.hu/kozlonyok/Kozlonyok/13/PDF/2021/9.pdf |journal=Honvédelmi közlöny |language=Hungarian |issue=Ministry of Hungarian Defence Forces |pages=1050–1051}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|Military history of Hungary|List of wars involving Hungary}}

=== Ancient, medieval, and early modern military ===
{{Main|Hungarian invasions of Europe|Principality of Hungary|Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Ottoman Hungary|Royal Hungary|Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)}}
[[File:Balatonboglár, katonai járművek.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|250x250px|Military vehicles on show]]
The Hungarian tribes of ''[[Árpád]] vezér'' who came to settle in the [[Pannonian Basin|Carpathian Basin]] were noted for their fearsome [[light cavalry]], which conducted [[Hungarian invasions of Europe|frequent raids]] throughout much of [[Western Europe]] (as far as present-day [[Spain]]), maintaining their military supremacy with long-range and rapid-firing [[reflex bow]]s. Not until the introduction of well-regulated, plate-armored knight [[heavy cavalry]] could German emperors stop the Hungarian armies.

During the Árpáds the light-cavalry-based army was transformed slowly into a western-style one. The light cavalry lost its privileged position, replaced by a feudal army formed mainly from heavy cavalry.

The Hungarian field armies were drawn up into an articulated formation (as it happened in [[Battle of Przemyśl (1099)]], [[Battle of the Fischa|Battle at Leitha]] (1146), [[Battle on the Marchfeld|Battle of Morvamező]] (1278), (1349), in three main [[battle (formation)]] (1146, 1278, 1349). According to the contemporary sources and later speculations, the first line was formed by light cavalry archers ([[Battle of Oslava]] (1116, 1146, 1260, 1278). Usually, they started the battle followed by a planned retreat (1116, 1146), [[Battle of Kressenbrunn]] (1260). The major decisive battles of the Hungarian army were placed in the second or third lines consisted mainly of the most valuable parts of the army – in general heavy cavalry (1146, 1278, 1349).

The commanders of the [[Hungarian Kingdom]]'s army used different tactics, based on a recognition of their own and the enemies' ([[Holy Roman Empire]], [[Pechenegs]], [[Oghuz Turks|Uzes]], [[Cumans]], [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]], [[Byzantine Empire]]) abilities and deficiencies.

The Hungarian knight army had its golden age under King [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis the Great]], who himself was a famed warrior and conducted successful campaigns in [[Italy in the Middle Ages|Italy]] due to family matters (his younger brother married [[Joanna I of Naples|Joanna I, Queen of Naples]] who murdered him later.) King [[Matthias Corvinus]] maintained very modern mercenary-based royal troops, called the ''[[Black Army of Hungary|Black Army]]''. King Matthias favoured ancient artillery ([[catapult]]s) as opposed to cannons, which were the favourite of his father, [[Johannes Hunyadi]], former [[Regent of Hungary]].

During the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottoman]] invasion of Central Europe (between late 14th century and circa 1700) Hungarian soldiers protected fortresses and launched light cavalry attacks against the Turks (see [[Hungarian Hussar]]s). The northern fortress of [[Eger]] was famously defended in the autumn of 1552 during the 39-day [[Siege of Eger (1552)|Siege of Eger]] against the combined forces of two Ottoman armies numbering circa 120,000 men and 16 ultra-heavy siege guns. The victory was very important, because two much stronger forts of [[Szolnok Castle#Ottoman siege of 1552|Szolnok]] and [[Siege of Temesvár (1552)|Temesvár]] had fallen quickly during the summer. Public opinion{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} attributed Eger's success to the all-Hungarian garrison, as the above two forts had fallen due to treason by the foreign mercenaries manning them. In 1596, [[Siege of Eger (1596)|Eger fell to the Ottomans]] for the same reason.

In the 1566 [[Battle of Szigetvár]], [[Nikola Šubić Zrinski|Miklós Zrínyi]] defended [[Szigetvár]] for 30 days against the largest Ottoman army ever seen up to that day,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|author-link=Stephen Turnbull (historian)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-JqHCwAAQBAJ&q=1566+the+largest+Ottoman+army+Szigetvar&pg=PT65|title=The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699|date=2014-06-06|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4728-1026-7|language=en}}</ref> and died leading his remaining few soldiers on a final suicide charge to become one of the best-known national heroes. His great-grandson, [[Miklós Zrínyi]], poet and general, became one of the better-known strategists of the 1660s. In 1686, the capital city [[Buda]] [[Battle of Buda (1686)|was freed from the Ottomans]] by an allied Christian army composed of Austrian, Hungarian, and Western European troops, each roughly one-third of the army.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}} The [[Habsburg]] empire then annexed Hungary.

===Habsburg Hungarian military=== <!-- [[Hungarian Revolutionary Army]] links here -->
{{Main|Royal Hungarian Landwehr}}
{{See also|Hungarian Revolution of 1848|Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)}}

[[File:Than tapiobicskei utközet2 1849 aprilis 4.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Hungarian hussars in battle during the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]]]

Under [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg rule]], [[Hungarian Hussars]] rose to international fame and served as a model for light cavalry in many European countries. During the 18th and 19th centuries hundreds of thousands of forcibly enrolled Hungarian males served 12 years or more each as line infantry in the Austrian Imperial Army.

Two wars of independence interrupted this era, that of Prince [[Francis II Rákóczi]] [[Rákóczi's War of Independence|between 1703 and 1711]] and that of [[Lajos Kossuth]] in 1848–1849. A July 11, 1848 act of parliament in Budapest called for the formation of an army, the ''Honvédség'', of 200,000 which would use the [[Magyar language]] of command. It was to be formed around already extant imperial units, twenty battalions of infantry, ten hussar regiments, and two regiments of [[Székelys|Székely]] from the [[Transylvanian Military Frontier]]. They were further joined by eight companies of two Italian regiments stationed in Hungary and parts of the Fifth Bohemian Artillery Regiment.<ref>Rothenburg, G. ''The Army of Francis Joseph''. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1976. p 29.{{anchor|CITEREFRothenburg1976}}</ref>

In 1848–1849 the Honvédség (mostly made up of enthusiastic patriots with no prior military training) achieved incredible successes against better-trained and -equipped Austrian forces, despite the obvious advantage in numbers on the Austrian side. The Winter Campaign of [[Józef Bem]] and the Spring Campaign of [[Artúr Görgey]] are to this day taught at prestigious military schools around the globe, including at [[West Point Academy]] in the United States. Having suffered initial setbacks, including the loss of [[Pest-Buda]], the Honvéd took advantage of the Austrians' lack of initiative and re-formed around the [[Debrecen]]-based Kossuth government.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=32-33}}  The Hungarians advanced again and by the end of spring 1849, Hungary was basically cleared of foreign forces, and would have achieved independence, were it not for the Russian intervention.  At the request of the [[Austrian emperor]] [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz Joseph]],{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=35}} the Russians invaded with a force of 190,000 soldiers – against the Honvédség's 135,000 – and decisively defeated Bem's Second Army in Transylvania, opening the path into the heart of Hungary. This way the Austrian-Russian coalition outnumbered Hungarian forces 3:1, which led to Hungary's [[surrender at Világos]] on 13 August 1849. [[Sándor Petőfi]], the great Hungarian poet, went [[missing in action]] in the [[Battle of Segesvár]], against invading Russian forces.

In April 1867, the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]] was established.  Franz Josef, the head of the ancient [[Habsburg]] dynasty, was recognized as both [[Austrian Empire|Emperor of Austria]] and [[King of Hungary]]. Nevertheless, the issue of what form the Hungarian military would take remained a matter of serious contention between Hungarian patriots and Austrian leaders.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=75-76}} As the impasse threatened the political union, Emperor Franz Josef ordered a council of generals in November of the same year. Ultimately, the leaders resolved on the following solution: in addition to the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|joint (k.u.k.) army]], Hungary would have its own defence force, whose members would swear their oath to the King of Hungary (who was also Emperor of Austria) and the national constitution, use the Hungarian language of command, and display their own flags and insignia. (Austria would also form its own parallel national defence force, the ''[[Imperial-Royal Landwehr|Landwehr]]''.){{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=77}} As a result of these negotiations, on 5 December 1868, the [[Royal Hungarian Landwehr]] (''Magyar Kiralyi Honvédség'', or Defence Force) was established.

The Honvédség was usually treated generously by the [[Diet of Hungary|Diet]] in Budapest.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=78}} By 1873 it already had over 2,800 officers and 158,000 men organized into eighty-six battalions and fifty-eight squadrons. In 1872, the [[Ludovica Military Academy|Ludovika Academy]] officially began training cadets (and later staff officers). Honvédség units engaged in manoeuvres and were organized into seven divisions in seven military districts. While artillery was not allowed, the force did form batteries of [[Gatling gun]]s in the 1870s.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=85}}

In the midst of trouble between the imperial government and the parliament in 1906, the Honvédség was further expanded and finally received its own artillery units. In this form, the force approached the coming world war in most respects as a truly "national" Hungarian army.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=136}}

==== World War I ====
{{Main|Royal Hungarian Landwehr}}
{{See also|Hungary in World War I}}
Hungarian soldiers "fought with distinction" on every front contested by Austria-Hungary in the [[First World War]].{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=136}} Honvédség units (along with the [[Austrian Landwehr]]) were considered fit for front line combat service and equal to those of the joint forces K.U.K. army.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=173}} They saw combat especially on the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|Eastern Front]] and at the [[Battles of the Isonzo]] on the [[Italian Campaign (World War I)|Italian Front]]. Out of the eight million men mobilized by Austria-Hungary, over one million died. Hungarians as a national group were second only to German Austrians in their share of this burden, experiencing twenty-eight war deaths for every thousand persons.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=218}}

After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire in late 1918, the [[Hungarian Red Army|Red Army]] of the Hungarian communist state ([[Hungarian Soviet Republic]]) conducted successful campaigns to protect the country's borders.  However, in the [[Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919]] Hungary came under occupation by the [[Kingdom of Romania|Romanian]], [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes|Serbian]], [[United States|American]], and [[French Third Republic|French]] troops, as after four years of extensive fighting, the country lacked both the necessary manpower and equipment to fend off foreign invaders.

In accordance with the [[Treaty of Bucharest (1918)|Treaty of Bucharest]], upon leaving, the [[Romanian army]] took substantial compensation for reparations. This included agricultural goods and industrial machinery as well as raw materials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epa.niif.hu/00700/00775/00014/109-113.html|title=Magyar Tudomny 2000. janur|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref> The [[Trianon peace treaty|Trianon Treaty]] limited the [[Royal Hungarian Army|Hungarian National Army]] to 35,000 men and forbade conscription. The army was forbidden to possess tanks, heavy armor, or an air force.

=== Mid-twentieth century ===
{{Main|Royal Hungarian Army}}
{{See also|Hungary between the two world wars|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)}}
On 9 August 1919, Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]] united various anti-communist military units into an 80,000-strong National Army (''Nemzeti Hadsereg''). On 1 January 1922, the National Army was once again redesignated the Royal Hungarian Army.

During the 1930s and early 1940s, [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] was preoccupied with the regaining the vast territories and huge amount of population lost in the [[Trianon peace treaty]] at [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]] in 1920.  This required strong armed forces to defeat the [[Little Entente|neighbouring states]] and this was something Hungary could not afford. Instead, the Hungarian [[Regent of Hungary|Regent]], Admiral Miklós Horthy, made an alliance with [[Nazi Germany]]. In exchange for this alliance and via the [[First Vienna Award|First]] and [[Second Vienna Award]]s, Hungary received back parts of its lost territories from [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]], and [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovakia]]. Hungary was to pay dearly during and after [[World War II]] for these temporary gains.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}{{Clarify|date=July 2009}}

On 5 March 1938, Prime Minister [[Kálmán Darányi]] announced a rearmament program (the so-called ''[[Győr]] Programme'', named after the city where it was announced to the public). Starting 1 October, the armed forces established a five-year expansion plan with Huba I-III revised orders of battle. [[Conscription]] was introduced on a national basis in 1939. The peacetime strength of the [[Royal Hungarian Army]] grew to 80,000 men organized into seven corps commands.<ref name="ReferenceA" />

In March 1939, Hungary launched an invasion of the newly formed [[Slovak Republic (1939–1945)|Slovak Republic]]. Both the Royal Hungarian Army and the [[Royal Hungarian Air Force]] fought in the brief [[Slovak-Hungarian War]]. This invasion was launched to reclaim a part of the Slovakian territory lost after World War I.

On 1 March 1940, Hungary organized its [[Hungarian Ground Forces|ground forces]] into three field armies. The Royal Hungarian Army fielded the [[First Army (Hungary)|Hungarian First Army]], the [[Hungarian Second Army]], and the [[Hungarian Third Army]]. With the exception of the independent "Fast Moving Army Corps" (''[[Gyorshadtest]]''), all three Hungarian field armies were initially relegated to defensive and occupation duties within the regained Hungarian territories.

==== World War II ====
{{Main|Royal Hungarian Army}}
{{See also|Hungary in World War II}}

In November 1940, Hungary signed the [[Tripartite Pact]] and became a member of the [[Axis powers|Axis]] with [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Kingdom of Italy|Fascist Italy]].

In April 1941, in order to regain territory and because of the German pressure, Hungary allowed the [[Wehrmacht]] to cross her territory in order to launch the [[invasion of Yugoslavia]]. The Hungarian foreign minister, [[Pál Teleki]] who wanted to maintain a pro-allied neutral stance for Hungary, could no longer keep the country out of the war, as the British Foreign Secretary [[Anthony Eden]] had threatened to break diplomatic relations with Hungary if it did not actively resist the passage of German troops across its territory, and General [[Henrik Werth]], chief of the Hungarian General Staff made a private arrangement - unsanctioned by the Hungarian government - with the German High Command for the transport of the German troops across Hungary. Pál Teleki, no longer being able to stop the unfolding events, committed suicide on April 3, 1941, and Hungary joined the war on April 11 after the proclamation of the [[Independent State of Croatia]].

After the controversial ''[[Kassa attack]]'', elements of the Royal Hungarian Army joined the German invasion of the [[Soviet Union]], [[Operation Barbarossa]], one week later than the start of the operation. In spite of the arguments made that Hungary (unlike Romania) had no territorial claims in the Soviet Union, the fateful decision was made to join the war in the East. In the late summer of 1941, the Hungarian "Rapid Corps" (''[[Gyorshadtest]]''), alongside [[Wehrmacht|German]] and Romanian army groups, scored a huge success against the Soviets at the [[Battle of Uman]]. A little more than a year later and contrasting sharply with the success at Uman, was the near-total devastation of the [[Hungarian Second Army]] on banks of the [[Don River (Russia)|Don River]] in December 1942 during the [[Battle for Stalingrad]].

During 1943, the [[Hungarian Second Army]] was rebuilt. In late 1944, as part of ''Panzerarmee Fretter-Pico'', it participated in the destruction of a Soviet [[mechanized infantry|mechanized group]] at the [[Battle of Debrecen]]. But this proved to be a [[Pyrrhic victory]]. Unable to rebuild again, the [[Hungarian Second Army]] was disbanded towards the end of 1944.

To keep Hungary as an ally, the Germans launched [[Operation Margarethe]] and occupied Hungary in March 1944. However, during the [[Warsaw Uprising]], Hungarian troops refused to participate.<ref name="Mollo, Andrew 1981">Page 208, Mollo, Andrew, ''The Armed Forces of World War II'', Crown, 1981, New York, {{ISBN|0-517-54478-4}}</ref>

[[File:Warsaw Uprising Hungarians.JPG|thumb|upright|Graves of a [[Royal Hungarian Army]] captain and 6 of his men who fell, fighting on the Polish side in [[Warsaw uprising]] 1944]]
On 15 October 1944, the Germans launched [[Operation Panzerfaust]] and forced Horthy to abdicate.  Pro-Nazi [[Ferenc Szálasi]] was made p[[Prime Minister of Hungary|rime minister]] by the Germans.

On 28 December 1944, a [[provisional government]] under the control of the [[Soviet Union]] was formed in liberated [[Debrecen]] with [[Béla Miklós]] as its [[Prime Minister|prime minister]]. Miklós was the commander of the [[Hungarian First Army]], but most of the First Army sided with the Germans and most of what remained of it was destroyed about 200 kilometres north of Budapest between 1 January and 16 February. The pro-[[Communist]] government formed by Miklós competed with the pro-Nazi [[Government of National Unity (Hungary)|government of Ferenc Szálasi]]. The Germans, Szálasi, and pro-German Hungarian forces loyal to Szálasi fought on. On 20 January 1945, representatives of the provisional government of [[Béla Miklós]] signed an armistice in [[Moscow]]. But forces loyal to Szálasi still continued to fight on.

The [[Red Army]], with assistance from Romanian army units, completed the encirclement of Budapest on 29 December 1944 and the [[Battle of Budapest|Siege of Budapest]] began. On 2 February 1945, the strength of the Royal Hungarian Army was 214,465 men, but about 50,000 of these had been formed into [[Labour service (Hungary)|unarmed labor battalions]].<ref name="Mollo, Andrew 1981" /> The siege of Budapest ended with the surrender of the city on 13 February. But, while the German forces in Hungary were generally in a state of defeat, the Germans had one more surprise for the Soviets.

In early March 1945, the Germans launched [[Operation Frühlingserwachen|the Lake Balaton Offensive]] with support from the Hungarians. This offensive was almost over before it began. By 19 March 1945, Soviet troops had recaptured all the territory lost during a 13-day German offensive.<ref>''Page 182, The Decline and Fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan'', Hans Dollinger, Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 67-27047</ref>

After the failed offensive, the Germans in Hungary were defeated. Most of what remained of the [[Hungarian Third Army]] was destroyed about 50 kilometres west of Budapest between 16 March and 25 March 1945. Officially, Soviet operations in Hungary ended on 4 April 1945 when the last German troops were expelled.

Some pro-fascist Hungarians like Szálasi retreated with the Germans into Austria and Czechoslovakia. During the very last phase of the war, [[Fascist]] Hungarian forces fought in [[Vienna Offensive|Vienna]], [[Battle of Breslau (1945)|Breslau]], [[Kostrzyn nad Odrą|Küstrin]], and along the [[Oder River]].<ref name="Mollo, Andrew 1981" />
[[File:Hungarian military police summer uniform (enlisted, 1965-2005).jpg|thumb|right|80px|Uniform of the Hungarian People's Army (''Magyar Néphadsereg''): Hungarian military police summer uniform (enlisted, private, 1965–2005)]]
On 7 May 1945, [[General]] [[Alfred Jodl]], the German [[Oberkommando der Wehrmacht|Chief of Staff]], signed the document of unconditional surrender for all German forces. Jodl signed this document during a ceremony in [[France]]. On 8 May, in accordance with the wishes of the [[Soviet Union]], the ceremony was repeated in Germany by [[Field Marshal]] [[Wilhelm Keitel]]. On 11 June, the Allies agreed to make 9 May 1945 the official "Victory in Europe" day.<ref>''Page 298, The Decline and Fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan'', Hans Dollinger, Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 67-27047</ref> Szálasi and many other pro-fascist Hungarians were captured and ultimately returned to Hungary's provisional government for trial.

=== Warsaw Pact ===
{{Main|Hungarian People's Army}}
{{See also|Second Hungarian Republic|Hungarian People's Republic}}

During the Socialist and the [[Warsaw Pact]] era (1947–1989), the Soviet [[Southern Group of Forces]], 200,000 strong,  was garrisoned in Hungary, complete with artillery, tank regiments, air force and missile troops (with nuclear weapons). It was, by all means, a very capable force but which had little contact with the local population. Between 1949 and 1955 there was also a huge effort to build a big Hungarian army. All procedures, disciplines, and equipment were exact copies of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] in methods and material, but the huge costs collapsed the economy by 1956.

During the autumn [[1956 Hungarian Revolution|1956 revolution]], the army was divided. When the opening demonstrations on 23 October 1956 were fired upon by [[ÁVH]] secret policemen, Hungarian troops sent to crush the demonstrators instead provided their arms to the latter or joined them outright.  While most major military units in the capital were neutral during the fighting, thousands of rank-and-file soldiers went over to the Revolution or at least provided the revolutionaries with arms.<ref name="Lendvai 2008">{{cite book|last=Lendvai|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Lendvai|title=One Day That Shook the Communist World: The 1956 Hungarian Uprising and Its Legacy|year=2008|publisher=Princeton UP|location=Princeton, NJ}}</ref> Many significant military units went over to the uprising in full, such as the armored unit commanded by Colonel [[Pál Maléter]] which joined forces with the insurgents at the [[Battle of the Corvin Passage]]. However, there were 71 recorded clashes between the people and the army between 24 and 29 October in fifty localities;  these were typically either defending certain military targets from rebel attack or fighting the insurgents outright, depending on the commander.<ref name="Lendvai 2008"/>  When the Soviets crushed the Revolution on 4 November, the Army put up sporadic and disorganized resistance; lacking orders, many of their divisions were simply overpowered by the invading Soviets.

After the Revolution was crushed in [[Budapest]], the Soviets took away most of the Hungarian People's Army's equipment, including dismantling the entire Hungarian Air Force, because a sizable percentage of the Army fought alongside the Hungarian revolutionaries. Three years later in 1959, the Soviets began helping rebuild the Hungarian People's Army and resupplying them with new arms and equipment as well as rebuilding the Hungarian Air Force. Satisfied that Hungary was stable and firmly committed once again to the Warsaw Pact, the Soviets offered the Hungarians a choice of withdrawal for all Soviet troops in the country. The new Hungarian leader, [[János Kádár]], asked for all the 200,000 Soviet troops to stay, because it allowed the [[socialist]] [[Hungarian People's Republic]] to neglect its own draft-based armed forces, quickly leading to deterioration of the military. Large sums of money were saved that way and spent on feel-good socialist measures for the population, thus Hungary could become "[[the happiest barrack]]" in the [[Soviet Bloc]]. Limited modernization though, would happen from the mid-1970s onward to replace older stocks of military equipment with newer ones. Thus enabling the HPA, in a small way, to honor its Warsaw Pact commitments coupled with a mid-1980s organization which abolished divisions and replaced them with ground force brigades and a singular air force command.

The HPA was divided into the Ground and Air Forces. Until 1985, the Ground Forces were organized into:

* [[Land Command (Hungary)|5th Hungarian Army]] at [[Székesfehérvár]]
** 7th Motor Rifle Division at [[Kiskunfélegyháza]]
** 8th Motor Rifle Division at [[Zalaegerszeg]]
** 9th Motor Rifle Division at [[Kaposvár]]
** 11th Tank Division at [[Tata, Hungary|Tata]]
* 3rd Army Corps at [[Cegléd]]
** 4th Motor Rifle Division at [[Gyöngyös]]
** 15th Motor Rifle Division at [[Nyíregyháza]]

Air Forces Headquarters at [[Veszprém]]
* 11th Air-defense Artillery Brigade at [[Budapest]], after 1977 [[Érd]]
* 1st Air Defense Division at [[Veszprém]]
** 47th Fighter Regiment at [[Pápa]]
** 31st Fighter Regiment at [[Taszár]]
** 104th Air-defense Artillery Regiment [[Nagytarcsa]] after [[Szabadszállás]]
* 2nd Air Defense Division at [[Miskolc]]
** 59th Fighter Regiment at [[Szolnok]]
** 105th Air-defense Artillery Regiment at [[Miskolc]]

Training for conscripts was poor and most of those drafted were actually used as a free labour force (esp. railway track construction and agricultural work) after just a few weeks of basic rifle training. Popular opinion grew very negative towards the Hungarian People's Army and most young men tried to avoid the draft with bogus medical excuses.

=== The 1990s and Twenty-first century ===
In 1997, Hungary spent about 123 billion HUF (US$560 million) on defence. Hungary became a member of [[NATO]] on 12 March 1999. Hungary provided airbases and support for [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia|NATO's air campaign]] against [[Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)|Serbia]] and has provided military units to serve in [[Kosovo]] as part of the NATO-led [[Kosovo Force|KFOR]] operation. Hungary has sent a 300 strong logistics unit to [[Iraq]] in order to help the US occupation with armed transport convoys, though public opinion opposed the country's participation in the [[Iraq War|war]]. One soldier was [[killed in action]] due to a roadside bomb in Iraq. The parliament refused to extend the one year mandate of the logistics unit and all troops have returned from Iraq as of mid-January 2005. Hungarian troops were still in [[Afghanistan]] as of early 2005 as part of the [[International Security Assistance Force]]. There were reports that Hungary would most probably replace its old UAZ 4x4 vehicles with the modern [[Iveco LMV]] types, but it never happened. Hungarian forces deploy the [[Gepard anti-materiel rifle|Gepárd anti-materiel rifle]], which is a heavy 12.7&nbsp;mm portable gun. This equipment is also in use by the Turkish and Croatian armed forces, among other armies.

In a significant move for modernization, Hungary decided in 2001 to lease 14 [[JAS 39 Gripen]] fighter aircraft (the contract includes 2 dual-seater airplanes and 12 single-seaters as well as ground maintenance facilities, a simulator, and training for pilots and ground crews) for 210 billion HUF (about 800 million EUR). Five Gripens (3 single-seaters and 2 two-seaters) arrived in [[Kecskemét]] on 21 March 2006, expected to be transferred to the Hungarian Air Force on March 30.
10 or 14 more aircraft of this type might follow up in the coming years.

In early 2015, Hungary and Sweden extended the lease-program for another 10 years with a total of 32,000 flight-hours (95% increase) for only a 45% increase in cost.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://defense-update.com/20120201_sweden-hungary-extend-gripen-lease.html|title=Sweden, Hungary Extend Gripen Lease – Defense Update|website=defense-update.com|date=February 2012 }}</ref>

=== Zrínyi 2026 Modernization Program ===
[[File:Hungarian soldiers on exercise in Bakony.jpg|thumb|225x225px|Hungarian soldiers on exercise]]
In 2016, PM [[Viktor Orbán|Orbán]] confirmed that Hungary will meet its NATO obligations by increasing its defense spending to about 2 percent of GDP. The official government "[[Zrínyi Miklós|Zrínyi]] 2026" program of upgrading military equipment is scheduled to last until 2026, but the timeline has been expanded until 2030–2032.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Hungary - PM Orbán: Importance should be placed on integrating Balkan countries into NATO|url=http://abouthungary.hu/news-in-brief/pm-orban-importance-should-be-placed-on-integrating-balkan-countries-into-nato/|access-date=2020-12-29|website=abouthungary.hu|date=26 May 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Defence Minister: security situation deteriorating, Hungary faces multiple threats|url=https://www.portfolio.hu/global/20201027/honvedelmi-miniszter-romlik-a-biztonsagi-helyzet-magyarorszag-tobbfele-fenyegetessel-szamol-454624|access-date=2021-03-18|website=portfolio.hu|language=hu}}</ref> New purchased and ordered equipment so far includes new [[CZ 805 BREN|CZ BREN 2 assault rifles]] (to be manufactured locally), [[Airbus Helicopters H145|helicopters]], [[Embraer C-390 Millennium|transport]] and trainer aircraft, tanks, [[Gidran (4x4 armored vehicle)|armored vehicles]], [[EL/M-2084|radars]] and surface-to-air missiles.

Hungary ordered 20 [[Eurocopter EC145|H145M]] and 16 [[Eurocopter EC725|H225M]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungary orders 20 H145Ms|date=28 October 2021 |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-06-hungary-orders-20-h145ms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungary orders 16 H225M multi-role helicopters|date=28 October 2021 |url=https://www.airbus.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2018-12-hungary-orders-16-h225m-multi-role-helicopters}}</ref> All H145M aircraft had been delivered by the end of 2021. H225M are expected to arrive between 2023 and 2024.

In early 2019 the first batch of [[Carl Gustaf 8.4cm recoilless rifle|Carl Gustaf M4s]] has arrived, starting to replace the old [[RPG-7]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Páncéltörő-rendszerváltás (article in Hungarian)|date=12 September 2019 |url=https://honvedelem.hu/hirek/a-magyar-honvedseg-parancsnokanak-helyettese/panceltoro-rendszervaltas.html}}</ref>

In late 2019, Hungary signed a contract for 44 [[Leopard 2|Leopard 2 A7+]] tanks and 24 [[PzH 2000]] howitzers for €300 million to be delivered in 2021 to 2025. In 2020 Hungary and [[Rheinmetall|Rheinmetall Group]] have signed a contract to start manufacturing the [[Lynx (Rheinmetall armoured fighting vehicle)|Lynx infantry fighting vehicle]] family in Hungary. Estimated to start arriving around 2024–2025, the first batch of 200+ Lynx vehicles are expected to reach operational capability in the Hungarian Defence Forces by 2026-2027<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ocskay|first=István|date=3 January 2020|title=Puma lánctalpas gyalogsági harcjármű és lehetséges megjelenése a magyar honvédség állományában|trans-title=The PUMA Tracked Infantry Fighting Vehicle and its Possible Appearance in the Inventory of the HDF|url=http://real.mtak.hu/109941/1/HM_2020_1_Ocskay_Istvan.pdf|journal=Hadmérnök|language=hu|volume=2020. 1.|pages=31–44|doi=10.32567/hm.2020.1.3|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.defenseworld.net/news/25587/Rheinmetall_to_Manufacture_Main_Armament__Hulls_for_Hungary___s_Self_Propelled_Howitzers___Battle_Tanks#.XihuWf5KgdU|title=Rheinmetall to Manufacture Main Armament, Hulls for Hungary's Self-Propelled Howitzers & Battle Tanks|website=www.defenseworld.net|access-date=2020-01-22}}</ref>

In 2020 the Hungarian airforce ordered two [[Embraer C-390 Millennium|KC-390]] cargo and tanker aircraft to be delivered in 2023 and 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungary Signs for Two KC-390 Tanker/Transports|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2020-11-17/hungary-signs-two-kc-390-tanker-transports}}</ref> This year  [[Kongsberg Defence Systems|Kongsberg]] and [[Raytheon Missiles & Defense|Raytheon]] were awarded a 410 million EUR contract by Hungary for [[NASAMS]] surface-to air missile systems.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungary selects Kongsberg and Raytheon Missiles & Defense for Medium Range Air Defense|url=https://www.kongsberg.com/kda/news-and-media/news-archive/2020/hungary-selects-kongsberg-and-raytheon-missiles--defense-for-medium-range-air-defense/|access-date=2020-12-29|website=www.kongsberg.com|language=en}}</ref> 11 [[EL/M-2084|ELM-2084]] radars were also ordered in late 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rheinmetall and IAI/ELTA to supply Hungary with advanced radar systems|url=https://www.rheinmetall.ca/en/rheinmetall_canada/publicrelations_1/news_1/latest_news/index_3776.php}}</ref> The [[Mistral (missile)|Mistral]] SAM system has been upgraded: new M3 missiles were purchased and both the launchers and the MCPs were modernized.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Földközeli célok ellen|date=7 March 2017 |url=https://www.haborumuveszete.hu/minden-ami-lo/foldkozeli-celok-ellen}}</ref>
[[File:Hungarian Special Forces.jpg|thumb|174x174px|Hungarian special forces]]

In 2021 [[Spike (missile)|Spike LR2]] anti-tank missiles has been ordered, mainly for the Lynx IFVs.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungary buys Israeli rockets|date=19 July 2021 |url=https://neokohn.hu/2021/07/19/hungary-buys-israeli-rockets/}}</ref> In August 2021 contract has been signed with SAAB to upgrade the Hungarian Gripen fleet to the MS20 Block 2 standard. This upgrade greatly increases both Gripen's combat and communication capabilities, as well as access to a wide range of weapons that can be integrated on Hungarian Air Force Gripen fighters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JANES - Hungary to upgrade Gripens|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/hungary-to-upgrade-gripens}}</ref> The cutting edge [[IRIS-T]] missile has been also ordered in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hungary to Acquire IRIS-T Air-to-Air Missiles|date=21 December 2021 |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2021/12/21/hungary-iris-missile/}}</ref> [[Meteor (missile)|Meteor]] and [[Paveway|GBU-49]] is planned to be purchased for the Gripen's arsenal. There is a plan to also set up a second fighter squadron, but it has not been confirmed.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Új Gripeneket vásárolhat Magyarország, de még az is lehet, hogy annál valami sokkal jobb jön|url=https://www.portfolio.hu/global/20220123/uj-gripeneket-vasarolhat-magyarorszag-de-meg-az-is-lehet-hogy-annal-valami-sokkal-jobb-jon-521673}}</ref> <gallery>
File:CZ BREN 2.jpg|CZ BREN 2 - standard-issue rifle of the Hungarian Armed Forces
File:Saab JAS-39D Gripen, Hungary - Air Force JP6627802.jpg|Gripen fighters of Hungary
File:Hungarian Lynx APC.jpg|Hungarian Lynx IFV
File:Hungarian Leopard 2.jpg|Hungarian Leopard 2A4
File:Hungary Leopard 2A7HU tank.jpg|Hungarian LEOPARD 2A7+
File:Hungarian H145 Helicopters.jpg|Hungarian H145M on exercise
File:Hungarian H225 Helicopter.jpg|Hungarian H225M
File:Gidran MRAP vehicle of the Hungarian Armed Forces.jpg|Hungarian "Gidrán" MRAP 
File:Hungary NASAMS.jpg|Hungarian NASAMS
</gallery>

== Current international missions ==
The Hungarian Defence Forces currently takes part in the following international missions:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parlament.hu/documents/10181/4464848/Infojegyzet_2020_62_honvedsegi_missziok.pdf/9fe7c180-a8a9-8573-c1ed-754bca3e026a?t=1601625018866|title=2020/62. Current Foreign Military Missions of the Hungarian Defence Forces|date=2020-10-02|access-date=2021-02-18|language=hu|format=pdf}}</ref>
*[[EUFOR]] [[Operation Althea]]
** HDF [[EUFOR]] Althea Contingent, [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
* [[European Union Training Mission in Mali|EUTM Mali]]
** HDF Training Contingent, [[Mali]]
* [[Kosovo Force]]
** HDF KFOR Contingent, [[Kosovo]]
*[[United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus]]
** HDF UNFICYP Contingent, [[Cyprus]]

Other missions include: [[United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon]], [[Operation Sophia|EUNAVFOR MED]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]] and [[European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia|EUMM]]

== See also ==
{{Commons category|Hungarian Defence Force}}
* [[Military history of Hungary]]
* [[Military ranks of Hungary]]
* [[Defence Force (disambiguation)|Defence Force]]

==Citations==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last=IISS |title=The Military Balance 2020|year=2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0367466398}}
{{Refend}}

== Further reading ==
* Matei, Florina Cristiana. "The impact of NATO membership on military effectiveness: Hungary" In The Routledge handbook of civil-military relations, pp.&nbsp;219–231. Routledge, 2013.
* Martinusz, Zoltan. "Defense Reform in Hungary: A Decade of Strenuous Efforts and Missed Opportunities." in Gyarmati & Winkler, eds., Post-Cold War Defense Reform: Lessons Learned in Europe and the United States (2002).

== External links ==
* [http://www.hm.gov.hu/ The homepage of the Hungarian Ministry of Defence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080523210618/http://www.hm.gov.hu/ |date=2008-05-23 }}
*[https://sites.google.com/view/nuclear-weapons-in-hungary/ Soviet Nuclear Weapons in Hungary 1961-1991]

{{Hungary articles}}
{{Military of Europe}}
{{Militaries of European Union member states}}
{{North Atlantic Treaty Organization}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Military Of Hungary}}
[[Category:Military of Hungary| ]]