Editing Huntsman spider

{{short description|Family of spiders (Sparassidae)}}
{{Use dmy dates|cs1-dates=ly|date=December 2021}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Palaeogene|present}}
| name = Huntsman spiders
| image = Sparassidae Palystes castaneus mature female 9923s.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Palystes castaneus]]'', showing sparassid pattern of eyes in two rows of four, with the robust build and non-[[Wiktionary:clavate|clavate]] [[pedipalp]]s of a female
| taxon = Sparassidae
| authority = [[Philipp Bertkau|Bertkau]], 1872<ref name=WSC_g90/>
| range_map = Distribution.sparassidae.1.png
| diversity = [[#Genera|88 genera]], [[List of Sparassidae species|1363 species]]
| diversity_ref = <ref name=WSC_stats/>
}}

'''Huntsman spiders''', members of the [[Family (biology)|family]] '''Sparassidae''' (formerly Heteropodidae), catch their prey by hunting rather than in webs.<ref name=Saar10>{{Cite book |last1=Saaristo |first1=Michael I. |date=2010 |editor1-last=Gerlach |editor1-first=Justin |editor2-last=Marusik |editor2-first=Yuri M. |contribution=Araneae |title=Arachnida and Myriapoda of the Seychelles islands |publisher=Siri Scientific Press |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> They are also called '''giant crab spiders''' because of their size and appearance. Larger species sometimes are referred to as '''wood spiders''', because of their preference for woody places (forests, mine shafts, woodpiles, wooden shacks). In southern Africa the genus ''[[Palystes]]'' are known as '''rain spiders''' or '''lizard-eating spiders'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/arachnids/spiders/sparassidae/palystes.htm |title=''Palystes'' (rain spiders, lizard-eating spiders) |author=Norman Larsen |work=Iziko Museums of Cape Town |publisher=Biodiversity Explorer |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref> Commonly, they are confused with [[Harpactirinae|baboon spiders]] from the [[Mygalomorphae]] [[Order (biology)|infraorder]], which are not closely related.

More than a thousand Sparassidae species occur in most warm temperate to tropical regions of the world, including much of [[Australia]], [[Africa]], [[Asia]], the [[Mediterranean Basin]], and the [[Americas]].<ref name="Isbister">{{cite journal |author=Geoffrey K. Isbister & David Hirst |year=2003 |title=A prospective study of definite bites by spiders of the family Sparassidae (huntsmen spiders) with identification to species level |journal=[[Toxicon]] |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=163–171 |pmid=12906887 |doi=10.1016/S0041-0101(03)00129-6}}</ref>

Several species of huntsman spider can use an unusual form of locomotion. The [[wheel spider]] (''Carparachne aureoflava'') from the [[Namib]] uses a [[cartwheel (gymnastics)|cartwheeling]] motion which gives it its name, while ''[[Cebrennus rechenbergi]]'' uses a [[handspring (gymnastics)|handspring]] motion.

==Description==
Sparassids are eight-eyed [[spider]]s. The eyes appear in two largely forward-facing rows of four on the [[anatomical terms of location#Anterior and posterior|anterior aspect]] of the [[cephalothorax|prosoma]]. Many species grow very large&nbsp;– in [[Laos]], male [[giant huntsman spider]]s (''Heteropoda maxima'') attain a legspan of {{convert|25–30|cm}}. People unfamiliar with spider taxonomy commonly confuse large species with [[tarantula]]s, but huntsman spiders can generally be identified by their legs, which, rather than being jointed vertically relative to the body, are twisted in such a way that in some attitudes the legs extend forward in a [[crab]]-like fashion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Huntsman Spiders |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/huntsman-spiders/ |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=The Australian Museum }}</ref> It is also commonly confused for a [[Brown recluse spider|brown recluse]] spider, due to their shared coloring. However, brown recluse venom is significantly dangerous to humans, while that of the huntsman spider is less so.<ref>{{Cite web |title=details |url=http://www.tsusinvasives.org/home/database/heteropoda-venatoria |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=www.tsusinvasives.org}}</ref> 

On their upper surfaces the main colours of huntsman spiders are inconspicuous shades of brown or grey, but many species have undersides more or less [[Aposematism|aposematically]] marked in black-and-white.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/spiders/giant_crab_spider.htm | title=Huntsman spider - Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus) }}</ref> Their legs bear fairly prominent spines, but the rest of their bodies are smoothly furry. They tend to live under rocks, bark and similar shelters, but human encounters are common in sheds, garages and other infrequently-disturbed places. The banded huntsman (''Holconia'') is large, grey to brown with striped bands on its legs. The badge huntsman (''[[Neosparassus]]'') is larger still, brown and hairy. The tropical or brown huntsman (''[[Heteropoda]]'') is also large and hairy, with mottled brown, white and black markings. The eyesight of these spiders is not as good as that of the ''Salticidae'' ([[jumping spider]]s). Nevertheless, their vision is quite sufficient to detect approaching humans or other large animals from some distance.

<gallery widths="200" heights="160">
File:Sparassidae Palystes superciliosus Male Ventral Aspect 0110s.jpg|''[[Palystes superciliosus]]'', ventral aspect, showing [[aposematic]] coloration, plus typically masculine [[Wiktionary:gracile|gracile]] build and [[Wiktionary:clavate|clavate]] [[pedipalp]]s armed with mating spurs
File:Huntsman spider with meal.jpg|A huntsman spider consuming a small [[beetle]]
File:Huntsman Spider feeding Grasshopper.jpg|A female ''[[Heteropoda venatoria]]'' consuming a [[Tettigoniidae|katydid]]
File:Huntsman spider on log.jpg|Adult social huntsman ''[[Delena cancerides]]'' on the underside of a log in Victoria, Australia
File:Olios argelasius MHNT.jpg|''[[Olios argelasius]]''  
File:Huntsman spider (Sparassidae sp.) Ankasa.jpg|Unidentified species in Ghana
</gallery>

== Identification ==
They can be distinguished from other [[spider]] families by their appearance, as other spiders similar to them are smaller in size. They are often confused for [[tarantula]]s due to their hairy nature, but can easily be distinguished by their laterigrade legs, similar to those of [[crab]]s. Members of this family are also typically less bulky than tarantulas. They possess two [[Glossary of spider terms|claws]], as is the case for most spiders that actively hunt their prey.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Family Sparassidae - Giant Crab Spiders |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/6928 |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=bugguide.net}}</ref> If this is not enough to fully identify them, they also possess eight eyes divided into two regular rows.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradley |first=Richard A. |title=Common Spiders of North America |date=2012-12-18 |chapter=FAMILY SPARASSIDAE • Huntsman Spiders, Giant Crab Spiders |page=212 |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/california-scholarship-online/book/28633/chapter/232588327 |language=en |doi=10.1525/california/9780520274884.003.0057|isbn=9780520274884 }}</ref>

==Size, venom, and aggression==
On average, a huntsman spider's leg-span can reach up to {{convert|15|cm|in|round=|abbr=on}}, while their bodies measure about {{convert|1.8|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=livescience>{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/65746-possum-eating-spider-australia.html|title=Huntsman Spider Devours Possum in Viral (and Terrifying) Photos|date=19 June 2019|publisher=livescience.com}}</ref> Like most spiders,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Foelix |first1=Rainer |last2=Erb |first2=Bruno |title=Mesothelae have venom glands |journal=Journal of Arachnology |volume=38 |issue=3 |year=2010 |pages=596–598 |issn=0161-8202 |doi=10.1636/B10-30.1 |s2cid=85870366 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/229262 }}</ref> Sparassidae use venom to immobilize prey.

There have been reports of members of various genera such as ''[[Palystes]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=D'Ewes |first1=Dudley |title=Wayward naturalist |chapter=Chapter 12 |publisher=Howard Timmins |location=Cape Town |year=1967 |oclc=457367 }}{{page needed|date=October 2016}}</ref> ''[[Neosparassus]]'', and several others inflicting severe bites on humans. The effects vary, including local swelling and pain, nausea, headache, vomiting, irregular pulse rate, and heart palpitations, indicating some systemic neurotoxin effects, especially when the bites were severe or repeated. However, the formal study of spider bites is fraught with complications, including unpredictable infections, [[dry bite]]s, shock, [[nocebo]] effects, and even bite misdiagnosis by medical professionals and specimen misidentification by the general public.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-16 |title=Spider bites: Identification and treatment |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311615 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en}}</ref>

It is not always clear what provokes Sparassidae to attack and bite humans and animals, but it is known that female members of this family will aggressively defend their egg-sacs and young against perceived threats.<ref name="Isbister"/> Bites from sparassids usually do not require hospital treatment.<ref name="Huntsman bite first aid">{{cite news |last1=McCulloch |first1=Sharon |title=Huntsman Spider Bite – How dangerous are they? |url=https://www.firstaidpro.com.au/blog/huntsman-spider-bite-how-dangerous |access-date=7 February 2025 |work=First Aid Pro}}</ref>

==Sound production in mating rituals==
Males of the huntsman spider ''[[Heteropoda venatoria]]'' have recently been found to deliberately make a substrate-borne sound when they detect a chemical ([[pheromone]]) left by a nearby female of their species. The males anchor themselves firmly to the surface onto which they have crawled and then use their legs to transmit vibrations from their bodies to the surface. Most of the sound emitted is produced by strong vibrations of the abdomen. The characteristic frequency of vibration and the pattern of bursts of sound identify them to females of their species, who will approach if they are interested in mating. This sound can often be heard as a rhythmic ticking, somewhat like a quartz clock, which fades in and out and can be heard by human ears in a relatively quiet environment.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rovner |first1=Jerome S. |year=1980 |title=Vibration in ''Heteropoda venatoria'' (Sparassidae): A Third Method of Sound Production in Spiders |journal= The Journal of Arachnology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages= 193–200 |jstor=3705191 }}</ref>

==Genera==
{{main|List of Sparassidae species}}
[[File:Huntsman spider discarding its old exoskeleton.jpg|thumb|''[[Isopeda villosa]]'' (lower) extricating itself from its old [[exoskeleton]] (upper).]]

{{as of|2022|12}}, the [[World Spider Catalog]] accepted the following genera:<ref name=NMBE>{{cite web| title=Family: Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872| website=World Spider Catalog| access-date=2021-03-18| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/family/90}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Adcatomus]]'' <small>Karsch, 1880</small> — Venezuela, Peru
*''[[Anaptomecus]]'' <small>Simon, 1903</small> — Central America, South America
*''[[Anchonastus]]'' <small>Simon, 1898</small> — Cameroon, Congo
*''[[Arandisa]]'' <small>Lawrence, 1938</small> — Namibia
*''[[Barylestis]]'' <small>Simon, 1910</small> — Africa, Asia, Europe
*''[[Beregama]]'' <small>Hirst, 1990</small> — Australia, Papua New Guinea
*''[[Berlandia]]'' <small>Lessert, 1921</small> — East Africa
*''[[Bhutaniella]]'' <small>Jäger, 2000</small> — Asia
*''Borniella'' <small>Grall & Jäger, 2022</small> — Borneo
*''[[Caayguara]]'' <small>Rheims, 2010</small> — Brazil
*''[[Carparachne]]'' <small>Lawrence, 1962</small> — Namibia
*''[[Cebrennus]]'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — Africa, Asia, Malta
*''[[Cerbalus]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Israel, Jordan, Egypt
*''[[Chrosioderma]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Madagascar
*''[[Clastes]]'' <small>Walckenaer, 1837</small> — Indonesia, Papua New Guinea
*''[[Curicaberis]]'' <small>Rheims, 2015</small> — North America, Central America, Brazil
*''[[Damastes (spider)|Damastes]]'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — Madagascar, Mozambique, Seychelles
*''[[Decaphora]]'' <small>Franganillo, 1931</small> — North America, Caribbean, Central America, Colombia
*''Deelemanikara'' <small>Jäger, 2021</small> — Madagascar
*''[[Defectrix]]'' <small>Petrunkevitch, 1925</small> — Panama
*''[[Delena]]'' <small>Walckenaer, 1837</small> — Australia, New Zealand
*''[[Dermochrosia]]'' <small>Mello-Leitão, 1940</small> — Brazil
*''[[Diminutella]]'' <small>Rheims & Alayón, 2018</small> — Cuba
*''[[Eusparassus]]'' <small>Simon, 1903</small> — Asia, Africa, Europe, Peru
*''[[Exopalystes]]'' <small>Hogg, 1914</small> — Papua New Guinea
*''Extraordinarius'' <small>Rheims, 2019</small> — Brazil
*''[[Geminia]]'' <small>Thorell, 1897</small> — Myanmar
*''[[Gnathopalystes]]'' <small>Rainbow, 1899</small> — Asia, Oceania
*''[[Guadana]]'' <small>Rheims, 2010</small> — Brazil, Peru, Ecuador
*''[[Heteropoda]]'' <small>Latreille, 1804</small> — Oceania, Asia, South America, Greece
*''[[Holconia]]'' <small>Thorell, 1877</small> — Australia
*''[[Irileka]]'' <small>Hirst, 1998</small> — Australia
*''[[Isopeda]]'' <small>L. Koch, 1875</small> — Australia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea
*''[[Isopedella]]'' <small>Hirst, 1990</small> — Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
*''[[Keilira]]'' <small>Hirst, 1989</small> — Australia
*''[[Leucorchestris]]'' <small>Lawrence, 1962</small> — Angola, Namibia
*''[[Macrinus (spider)|Macrinus]]'' <small>Simon, 1887</small> — South America, Tobago, United States
*''[[Martensopoda]]'' <small>Jäger, 2006</small> — India
*''[[May (spider)|May]]'' <small>Jäger & Krehenwinkel, 2015</small> — Namibia, South Africa
*''[[Megaloremmius]]'' <small>Simon, 1903</small> — Madagascar
*''Menarik'' <small>Grall & Jäger, 2022</small> — Borneo
*''Meri'' <small>Rheims & Jäger, 2022</small> — South America
*''[[Micrommata]]'' <small>Latreille, 1804</small> — Spain, Africa, Asia
*''Micropoda'' <small>Grall & Jäger, 2022</small> — Papua New Guinea
*''[[Microrchestris]]'' <small>Lawrence, 1962</small> — Namibia
*''[[Neosparassus]]'' <small>Hogg, 1903</small> — Australia
*''[[Neostasina]]'' <small>Rheims & Alayón, 2016</small> — Caribbean
*''[[Nolavia]]'' <small>Kammerer, 2006</small> — Brazil
*''[[Nungara]]'' <small>Pinto & Rheims, 2016</small> — Brazil, Ecuador
*''[[Olios]]'' <small>Walckenaer, 1837</small> — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, Central America, North America, Caribbean
*''[[Orchestrella]]'' <small>Lawrence, 1965</small> — Namibia
*''[[Origes]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Argentina, Peru, Ecuador
*''[[Paenula paupercula|Paenula]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Ecuador
*''[[Palystella]]'' <small>Lawrence, 1928</small> — Namibia
*''[[Palystes]]'' <small>L. Koch, 1875</small> — Africa, India, Australia
*''[[Panaretella]]'' <small>Lawrence, 1937</small> — South Africa
*''[[Pandercetes]]'' <small>L. Koch, 1875</small> — Asia, Oceania
*''[[Parapalystes]]'' <small>Croeser, 1996</small> — South Africa
*''[[Pediana]]'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — Indonesia, Australia
*''Platnickopoda'' <small>Jäger, 2020</small> — East Africa
*''[[Pleorotus]]'' <small>Simon, 1898</small> — Seychelles
*''[[Polybetes]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — South America
*''[[Prusias (spider)|Prusias]]'' <small>O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892</small> — Brazil, Mexico, Panama
*''[[Prychia]]'' <small>L. Koch, 1875</small> — Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Philippines
*''[[Pseudomicrommata]]'' <small>Järvi, 1914</small> — Africa
*''[[Pseudopoda]]'' <small>Jäger, 2000</small> — Asia
*''[[Quemedice]]'' <small>Mello-Leitão, 1942</small> — Brazil, Argentina
*''[[Remmius]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Africa
*''[[Rhacocnemis]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Seychelles
*''[[Rhitymna]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Asia, Africa
*''Sadala'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — South America
*''[[Sagellula]]'' <small>Strand, 1942</small> — Japan, China
*''[[Sarotesius]]'' <small>Pocock, 1898</small> — East Africa
*''[[Sinopoda]]'' <small>Jäger, 1999</small> — Asia
*''[[Sivalicus]]'' <small>Dyal, 1957</small> — India
*''[[Sparianthina]]'' <small>Banks, 1929</small> — South America, Tobago, Central America
*''[[Sparianthis]]'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — Colombia
*''[[Spariolenus]]'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — Asia
*''[[Staianus]]'' <small>Simon, 1889</small> — Madagascar
*''[[Stasina]]'' <small>Simon, 1877</small> — South America, Gabon, Asia, Cuba
*''[[Stasinoides]]'' <small>Berland, 1922</small> — Ethiopia
*''[[Stipax]]'' <small>Simon, 1898</small> — Seychelles
*''[[Strandiellum]]'' <small>Kolosváry, 1934</small> — Papua New Guinea
*''[[Thelcticopis]]'' <small>Karsch, 1884</small> — Asia, Oceania, Africa
*''[[Thomasettia]]'' <small>Hirst, 1911</small> — Seychelles
*''[[Thunberga]]'' <small>Jäger, 2020</small> — Madagascar
*''[[Tibellomma]]'' <small>Simon, 1903</small> — Venezuela
*''Tiomaniella'' <small>Grall & Jäger, 2022</small> — Malaysia
*''[[Tychicus (spider)|Tychicus]]'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
*''[[Typostola]]'' <small>Simon, 1897</small> — Australia, Papua New Guinea
*''[[Uaiuara]]'' <small>Rheims, 2013</small> — Panama, South America
*''[[Vindullus]]'' <small>Simon, 1880</small> — South America, Guatemala
*''[[Yiinthi]]'' <small>Davies, 1994</small> — Australia, Papua New Guinea
*''[[Zachria]]'' <small>L. Koch, 1875</small> — Australia
{{div col end}}

==Distribution and habitat==
Members of the Sparassidae are native to tropical and warm temperate regions worldwide. A few species are native to colder climates, like the green huntsman spider (''[[Micrommata virescens]]'') which is native to [[Northern Europe|Northern]] and [[Central Europe]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lissner|first1=Jørgen|title=Family: Sparassidae (Giant Crab Spiders)|url=http://www.jorgenlissner.dk/Sparassidae.aspx|website=The Spiders of Europe and Greenland|access-date=16 January 2018|archive-date=2020-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224053054/http://www.jorgenlissner.dk/Sparassidae.aspx|url-status=dead}}.</ref> Some tropical species like ''[[Heteropoda venatoria]]'' (Cane huntsman) and ''[[Delena cancerides]]'' (Social huntsman) have been accidentally introduced to many subtropical parts of the world, including [[New Zealand]] (which has no native sparassid species).<ref name="hirst1">{{cite journal|author=David Hirst, Julianne M. Waldock, Shaun J. Bennett, & Grace Hall|year=2006|title=The Huntsmen Spiders (Sparassidae) of New Zealand|journal=Australasian Arachnology|issue=75|pages=11&ndash;12|url=http://www.australasian-arachnology.org/download/newsletter/Australasian_Arachnology_75.pdf
}}</ref>

As adults, huntsman spiders do not build webs, but hunt and forage for food: their diet consists primarily of insects and other [[invertebrate]]s, and occasionally small skinks and geckos. They live in the crevices of tree bark, but will frequently wander into homes and vehicles. They are able to travel extremely quickly, often using a springing jump while running, and walk on walls and even on ceilings. They also tend to exhibit a "cling" reflex if picked up, making them difficult to shake off and much more likely to bite. The females are fierce defenders of their egg sacs and young. They will generally make a threat display if provoked, and if the warning is ignored they may attack and bite. The egg sacs differ fairly widely among the various genera. For example, in ''[[Heteropoda]]'' spp. egg sacs are carried underneath the female's body, while in other species like ''[[Palystes]]'' and ''[[Pseudomicrommata]]'' spp., females generally attach egg sacs to vegetation.<ref name="Filmer">{{cite book | last = Filmer | first = Martin | title = Southern African Spiders | publisher = BHB International / Struik | location = City | year = 1997 | isbn = 1-86825-188-8 }}</ref>

<gallery widths="155px" heights="200px">
File:Huntsman Spider egg sac hatching 23 Jan 11.JPG|Australian sparassid egg sac hatching
File:Palystes castaneus (Sparassidae egg purse IMG 2662.jpg|''[[Palystes castaneus]]'' egg purse
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Cultural depictions of spiders#Modern myths and urban legends|Cultural depictions of spiders (section: Modern myths and urban legends)]]
* [[List of Sparassidae species]]
* [[Spider wasp]]
* [[Spider taxonomy#Table of families|Table of spider families]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=WSC_g90>{{cite web |title=Family: Sparassidae Bertkau, 1872 |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/90 |access-date=2017-04-22 }}</ref>

<ref name=WSC_stats>{{cite web |title=Currently valid spider genera and species |work=World Spider Catalog |publisher=Natural History Museum Bern |url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/statistics/ |access-date=2017-04-22 }}</ref>
}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal |author=Abdullah Bayram & Sevda Özdağ |year=2002 |title=''Micrommata virescens'' (Clerck, 1757), a new species for the spider fauna of Turkey (Araneae, Sparassidae) |url=https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-02-26-3/zoo-26-3-10-0101-7.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005053739/https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/issues/zoo-02-26-3/zoo-26-3-10-0101-7.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Turkish Journal of Zoology]] |issn=1300-0179 |id=(electronic) |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=305–307 |archive-date=5 October 2020 |access-date=5 October 2020}}

==External links==
{{Wikispecies|Sparassidae}}
{{Commons category|Sparassidae}}
* [http://www.minibeastwildlife.com.au/resources/huntsman-spiders/ Images and information on Australian Huntsman Spiders] Minibeast Wildlife
* [https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/huntsman-spiders/ Information page on Huntsman Spiders] from the Australian Museum
* [http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/spiders/detail.aspx?id=0 Badge Huntsman Spider] at Victorian Museum
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050316095109/http://www.usq.edu.au/spider/find/family.htm#Sparassidae Varieties of Sparassidae] University of Southern Queensland&nbsp;– pictures & descriptions
* [http://www.americanarachnology.org/HiResGallery/dionyc_Pandercetes_gracilis.html Remarkable Australian Lichen Huntsman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302011908/http://www.americanarachnology.org/HiResGallery/dionyc_Pandercetes_gracilis.html |date=2017-03-02  }} at [http://www.americanarachnology.org/ American Arachnological Society]
* [http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/spiders/giant_crab_spider.htm ''Heteropoda venatoria''] at [[University of Florida]] [[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences]]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mdII6jLRBw Video of Olios sp. from Costa Rica]

{{Araneae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q11721}}

[[Category:Sparassidae|*]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Philipp Bertkau]]