Editing Hyperventilation

{{Short description|Excessive breathing}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Distinguish|hypoventilation|Hyperventilation syndrome}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name          = Hyperventilation
| synonyms      = Overbreathing
| field         = [[Pulmonology]]
| symptoms      = Rapid breathing to the point where the body eliminates more carbon dioxide than it can produce
| complications = [[Syncope (medicine)|Fainting]]
| onset         = 
| duration      = 
| types         = 
| causes        = 
| risks         = 
| diagnosis     = 
| differential  = 
| prevention    = 
| treatment     = 
| medication    = 
| prognosis     = 
| frequency     = 
| deaths        = 
| image         = 
| alt           = 
| caption       = 
}}
'''Hyperventilation''' is irregular [[breathing]] that occurs when the rate or [[tidal volume]] of [[breathing]] eliminates more [[carbon dioxide]] than the body can produce.<ref name=Guyton>{{cite book|last1=Guyton|first1=Arthur C.|authorlink1= Arthur Guyton |last2=Hall|first2=John E.|title=Textbook of medical physiology|date=2005|publisher=W.B. Saunders|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0-7216-0240-1|page=397|edition=11th}}</ref><ref name=Harrisons18th>{{cite book|last1=Longo|first1=Dan |display-authors=etal|title=Harrison's principles of internal medicine.|date=2012|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0071748896|page=2185|edition=18th}}</ref><ref name=Brandis>{{cite book|last1=Brandis|first1=Kerry|title=Acid-base Physiology|date=30 August 2015|url=http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ab6_2.php|format=Reviewed in 2006 by the American Thoracic Society|chapter=6.2 Respiratory Alkalosis - Causes}}</ref> This leads to [[hypocapnia]], a reduced concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood. The body normally attempts to compensate for this [[Homeostasis|homeostatically]], but if this fails or is overridden, the [[pH#Living systems|blood pH]] will rise, leading to [[respiratory alkalosis]]. This increases the [[Oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve|affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin]] and makes it harder for oxygen to be released into body tissues from the blood. The symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include dizziness, tingling in the lips, hands, or feet, headache, weakness, fainting, and seizures. In extreme cases, it may cause [[Trousseau sign of latent tetany|carpopedal spasms]], a flapping and contraction of the hands and feet.<ref name=Brandis/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Byrd|first1=Ryland P Jr.|title=Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301680-clinica|publisher=eMedicine|date=5 August 2016}}</ref>

Factors that may induce or sustain<ref name=Harrisons18th/> hyperventilation include: [[Stress (biology)|physiological stress]], [[anxiety]] or [[panic disorder]], [[Altitude sickness|high altitude]], head injury, stroke, respiratory disorders such as [[asthma]], [[pneumonia]], or [[hyperventilation syndrome]],<ref name="Edward Newton">{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic270.htm |title=eMedicine - Hyperventilation Syndrome: Article by Edward Newton, MD |access-date=29 November 2016 }}</ref> cardiovascular problems such as [[pulmonary embolism]]s, [[anemia]], an incorrectly calibrated [[medical respirator]],<ref name=Guyton/><ref name=Brandis/> and adverse reactions to certain drugs. 
Hyperventilation can also be induced intentionally to achieve an altered state of consciousness such as in the [[choking game]], during [[Breathwork (New Age)|breathwork]], or in an attempt to extend a [[Freediving blackout#Shallow water blackout|breath-hold dive]].

==See also==
*[[Choking game]], a game which may involve hyperventilation to induce temporary [[Syncope (medicine)|syncope]] and [[euphoria]]
* [[Control of respiration]]
* [[Kussmaul breathing]]
* [[List of terms of lung size and activity]]
* [[Respiratory alkalosis]]
* [[Freediving blackout#Shallow water blackout|Shallow water blackout]], the role of hyperventilation in some drowning incidents

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
| ICD10= {{ICD10|R|06|4|r|00}}
| ICD9= {{ICD9|786.01}}
| MedlinePlus = 003071
| MeshID=D006985
}}
{{Circulatory and respiratory system symptoms and signs}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Breathing abnormalities]]