Editing IBM VNET

'''VNET''' is an international [[computer networking system]] deployed in the mid-1970s and still in current, though greatly diminished, use. It was developed inside [[IBM]] and provided the main [[email]] and file-transfer backbone for the company throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Through it, a number of protocols were developed to deliver email amongst time sharing computers over alternative transmission systems.

VNET was first deployed as a private host to host network among [[CP/67]] and [[VM/370]] mainframes beginning before 1975. It was based on [[RSCS]], a [[virtual machine]]–based communications program and an inter machine protocol developed in IBM's Advanced Systems Development Division's Remote Service System (RSS) prototype which produced some of the technology in the IBM [[Tivoli Software|Tivoli]] product. At that time, RSCS used the [[Binary Synchronous Communications]] (BSC) protocol, not [[Systems Network Architecture]] (SNA), to support file to file transfer among virtual machine users.{{efn|IBM later introduced SNA support for RSCS as part of its [[Remote job entry#Network Job Entry|Network Job Entry]] (NJE) suite. After IBM introduce TCP/IP support for NJE, customer use shifted away from SNA.}} The first several nodes included Scientific Centers and [[Poughkeepsie, New York]] lab sites.

RSCS-compatible communications code was subsequently developed for MVT/HASP, MVT/ASP and [[MVS]] mainframe [[operating system]]s. By September 1979, the network had grown to include 285 mainframe nodes in Europe, Asia, and North America. Unlike the [[Internet]], VNET switched files among mainframes using a store and forward technique. Many of the early connections operated over [[Dial-up internet access|dial-up phone lines]] at speeds of 1200 to 2400 bits per second. The addition of a 19.2&nbsp;kbit/s trans-Atlantic satellite circuit in late 1977 was considered a major step forward.

End users typically sent files between 100 and 100,000 bytes in length. The user could expect delivery within one minute to several hours. File delivery was acknowledged on a hop by hop basis but there was no end to end delivery confirmation. However, by the late 1970s an email application was developed that provided delivery confirmation as well as message archiving. What began as a research activity among engineers and scientists became, by 1980, a valuable business asset for many organizations within IBM.

The first widely disruptive [[computer worm]], "[[Christmas Tree EXEC]]" in December 1987, originated on [[BITNET]] and spread to this network.

==Notes==
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==See also==
* [[BITNET]]
* [[RSCS]]
* [[Tivoli Software|Tivoli]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140112072700/http://whoinventedinternet.com/invention-of-the-internet/ Interview with VNET creator Edson Hendricks]

[[Category:IBM]]
[[Category:Wide area networks]]
[[Category:VM (operating system)]]


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