Editing IEEE 802.20

{{Short description|IEEE standard}}
{{Infobox product <!-- networking protocol too minimal -->
 |image= [[File:IBurst-logo.jpg]]
 |caption= Logo for iBurst
 |inventor= [[ArrayComm]] |current supplier= [[Kyocera]] 
}}

[[Image:IBurst-Kyocera-desktop-modem01.jpg|thumb|upright|An iBurst desktop [[wireless modem]] by Kyocera in 2008 for IEEE 802.20 which provides an [[Ethernet]] interface]]

'''IEEE 802.20''' or '''Mobile Broadband Wireless Access''' (MBWA) was a specification by the [[IEEE Standards Association|standard association]] of the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE) for [[mobile broadband]] networks. The main standard was published in 2008.<ref name=802.20pr>{{cite news|title=IEEE Approves Standard for Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) |work=News release |date=June 12, 2008 |publisher=IEEE Standards Association |url=http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/802.20approval.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620123502/http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/802.20approval.html |archive-date=June 20, 2008 |access-date=August 19, 2011 }}</ref> MBWA is no longer being actively developed.

This [[wireless broadband]] technology is also known and promoted as '''iBurst''' (or '''HC-SDMA''', High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access). It was originally developed by [[ArrayComm]] and optimizes the use of its [[Bandwidth (signal processing)|bandwidth]] with the help of smart antennas. [[Kyocera]] is the [[manufacturer]] of iBurst devices.

== Description ==
iBurst is a mobile broadband wireless access system that was first developed by ArrayComm, and announced with partner [[Sony]] in April 2000.<ref>{{cite news |title= The Wireless Advantage |author= Geneva Sapp |date= May 1, 2000 |work= Computerworld |url= http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/88158/wireless_advantage/ |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref>
It was adopted as the High Capacity – Spatial Division Multiple Access (HC-SDMA) radio interface standard (ATIS-0700004-2005) by the [[Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions]] (ATIS).
The standard was prepared by ATIS’ Wireless Technology and Systems Committee's Wireless Wideband Internet Access subcommittee and accepted as an American National Standard in 2005.<ref name="atis">{{cite news |title= ATIS Standard Enables Seamless Wireless Wideband Connectivity at High Speeds |work= News release |publisher= ATIS |date= September 26, 2005 |url= http://www.atis.org/PRESS/pressreleases2005/092605.htm |access-date= August 21, 2011 |archive-date= March 15, 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120315152130/http://www.atis.org/PRESS/pressreleases2005/092605.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref>

HC-SDMA was announced as considered by [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] TC204 WG16 for the continuous communications standards architecture, known as [[Communications, Air-interface, Long and Medium range]] (CALM), which ISO is developing for [[intelligent transport systems]] (ITS). ITS may include applications for [[public safety]], [[network congestion]] management during traffic incidents, automatic toll booths, and more. An official liaison was established between WTSC and ISO TC204 WG16 for this in 2005.<ref name="atis"/>

The HC-SDMA interface provides wide-area broadband wireless data-connectivity for fixed, portable and mobile computing devices and appliances. The protocol is designed to be implemented with [[smart antenna]] array techniques (called [[MIMO]] for multiple-input multiple-output) to substantially improve the [[radio frequency]] (RF) coverage, capacity and performance for the system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mobile Broadband - A Third Generation - but not as we know it |date=June 30, 2005 |author=David Brunnen |publisher=Groupe Itellex |url=http://www.groupe-intellex.com/japan5.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027123432/http://www.groupe-intellex.com/japan5.htm |archive-date=October 27, 2005 }}</ref>
In January 2006, the IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Working Group adopted a technology proposal that included the use of the HC-SDMA standard for the 625[[kHz]] Multi-Carrier [[time-division duplex]] (TDD) mode of the standard. One Canadian vendor operates at 1.8&nbsp;GHz.

== Technical description ==
The HC-SDMA interface operates on a similar premise as [[cellular phone]]s, with hand-offs between HC-SDMA cells repeatedly providing the user with a seamless wireless [[Internet access]] even when moving at the speed of a car or train.

The standard's proposed benefits:
*IP roaming & handoff (at more than 1&nbsp;Mbit/s)
*New MAC and PHY with IP and adaptive antennas
*Optimized for full mobility up to vehicular speeds of 250&nbsp;km/h
*Operates in Licensed Bands (below 3.5&nbsp;GHz)
*Uses Packet Architecture
*Low Latency

Some technical details were:
*Bandwidths of 5, 10, and 20&nbsp;MHz.
*Peak data rates of 80&nbsp;Mbit/s.
*Spectral efficiency above 1 bit/sec/Hz using [[MIMO|multiple input/multiple output technology]] (MIMO).
*Layered frequency hopping allocates OFDM carriers to near, middle, and far-away handsets, improving SNR (works best for SISO handsets.)
*Supports low-bit rates efficiently, carrying up to 100 phone calls per MHz.
*Hybrid ARQ with up to 6 transmissions and several choices for interleaving.
*Basic slot period of 913 microseconds carrying 8 OFDM symbols.
*One of the first standards to support both TDM (FL, RL) and separate-frequency (FL, RL) deployments.

The protocol:
* specifies base station and client device RF characteristics, including output power levels, transmit frequencies and timing error, [[pulse shaping]], in-band and out-of band spurious emissions, receiver sensitivity and selectivity;
* defines associated frame structures for the various burst types including standard uplink and downlink traffic, paging and broadcast burst types;
* specifies the modulation, forward error correction, interleaving and scrambling for various burst types;
* describes the various logical channels (broadcast, paging, random access, configuration and traffic channels) and their roles in establishing communication over the radio link; and
* specifies procedures for error recovery and retry.
The protocol also supports [[Network Layer|Layer 3]] (L3) mechanisms for creating and controlling logical connections (sessions) between client device and base including registration, stream start, power control, handover, link adaptation, and stream closure, as well as L3 mechanisms for client device authentication and [[secure transmission]] on the data links.
Currently deployed iBurst systems allow connectivity up to 2&nbsp;Mbit/s for each subscriber equipment. Apparently there will be future firmware upgrade possibilities to increase these speeds up to 5 Mbit/s, consistent with HC-SDMA protocol.{{citation needed |date=August 2011}}

== History ==
The 802.20 working group was proposed in response to products using technology originally developed by [[ArrayComm]] marketed under the [[iBurst]] brand name. The [[Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions]] adopted iBurst as ATIS-0700004-2005.<ref name="slides"/><ref name="atis"/>
The Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group was approved by [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers|IEEE]] Standards Board on December 11, 2002, to prepare a formal specification for a packet-based air interface designed for [[Internet Protocol]]-based services. 
At its height, the group had 175 participants.<ref>{{cite news |title= Standards Uproar Leads to Working Group Overhaul |author= Kathy Kowalenko |date= December 5, 2006 |work= The Institute |publisher= IEEE |url= http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/tionline/menuitem.130a3558587d56e8fb2275875bac26c8/index.jsp?&pName=institute_level1_article&TheCat=2201&article=tionline/legacy/inst2006/dec06/wimax.xml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120928205519/http://www.ieee.org/portal/site/tionline/menuitem.130a3558587d56e8fb2275875bac26c8/index.jsp?&pName=institute_level1_article&TheCat=2201&article=tionline/legacy/inst2006/dec06/wimax.xml |url-status= dead |archive-date= September 28, 2012 |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref>

On June 8, 2006, the IEEE-SA Standards Board directed that all activities of the 802.20 Working Group be temporarily suspended until October 1, 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/mbwa/email/pdf00015.pdf |title = Status of 802.20 |author = Steve Mills |work=Letter from IEEE-SA Standards Board Chair to IEEE-SA Board of Governors, 802 Executive Committee, 802.20 Chair, Vice-Chairs, and Participants |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref>
The decision came from complaints of a lack of transparency, and that the group's chair, Jerry Upton, was favoring [[Qualcomm]].<ref>{{cite news |title = IEEE 802.20 working group declares 'cooling off' period |date= June 15, 2006 |author= Loring Wirbel  |work= EE Times |url= http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189401737 |access-date= August 19, 2011 }}</ref>
The unprecedented step came after other working groups had also been subject to related allegations of large companies undermining the standard process.<ref>{{cite news |title = Voting exposes cracks in IEEE process |date= June 26, 2006 |author= Loring Wirbel  |work= EE Times |url= http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4061754/Voting-exposes-cracks-in-IEEE-process/   |access-date= August 19, 2011 }}</ref>
[[Intel]] and [[Motorola]] had filed appeals, claiming they were not given time to prepare proposals.
These claims were cited in a 2007 lawsuit filed by [[Broadcom]] against Qualcomm.<ref>{{cite news |title = Broadcom cites Qualcomm's standards moves in new lawsuit |date= April 13, 2007 |author= Loring Wirbel  |work= EE Times |url= http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4070946/Broadcom-cites-Qualcomm-s-standards-moves-in-new-lawsuit/ |access-date= August 19, 2011 }}</ref>

On September 15, 2006, the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved a plan to enable the working group to move towards completion and approval by reorganizing.<ref>{{cite news|title=IEEE-SA Adopts Plan to Move 802.20 Broadband Wireless Standard Forward |work=News release |publisher=IEEE Standards Association |url=http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/pr_80220plan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210114628/http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/pr_80220plan.html |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |access-date=August 19, 2011 }}</ref>
The chair at the November 2006 meeting was Arnold Greenspan.<ref>{{cite web |title= Draft Meeting Minutes, 802.20 Plenary Meeting - Session #21, Dallas, Texas, USA |date= November 12–17, 2006 |author= Yvette Ho Sang  }}</ref>
On July 17, 2007, the IEEE 802 Executive Committee along with its 802.20 Oversight Committee approved a change to voting in the 802.20 working group. Instead of a vote per attending individual, each entity would have a single vote.<!--  <ref>{{cite news |url = http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/802.20std_status.html |date=17 July 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101022001720/http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/802.20std_status.html |archive-date = October 22, 2010 |title = Media Statement from IEEE Standards Association Regarding the Status of the IEEE 802.20 Standard and Working Group  |access-date = June 13, 2008 }}</ref> not found in archive either --><ref>{{cite news |title = IEEE adopts 'one entity, one vote' for 802.20 mobile broadband |date= July 18, 2007 |author= Loring Wirbel  |work= EE Times |url= http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4073075/IEEE-adopts-one-entity-one-vote-for-802-20-mobile-broadband/ |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title= Wireless Standards Group Changes Rules for Parity |date= July 22, 2007 |author= Stephen Lawson |work= PC World |url= http://www.pcworld.com/article/134828/wireless_standards_group_changes_rules_for_parity.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130131015348/http://www.pcworld.com/article/134828/wireless_standards_group_changes_rules_for_parity.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= January 31, 2013 |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref>
 
On June 12, 2008, the IEEE approved the base standard to be published.<ref name=802.20pr />
Additional supporting standards included IEEE 802.20.2-2010, a protocol conformance statement, 802.20.3-2010, minimum performance characteristics, an amendment 802.20a-2010 for a [[Management Information Base]] and some corrections, and amendment  802.20b-2010 to support [[Bridging (networking)|bridging]].<ref name="download">{{cite web |title= IEEE 802.20™: Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) |work= Official standards free download web page |publisher= IEEE 802 committee |url= http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.20.html |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130415004447/http://standards.ieee.org/about/get/802/802.20.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= April 15, 2013 |access-date = August 20, 2011 }}</ref>

802.20 standard was put to hibernation in March 2011 due to lack of activity.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

In 2004 another wireless standard group had been formed as [[IEEE 802.22]], for wireless regional networks using unused television station frequencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=IEEE Starts Standard to Tap Open Regions in the TV Spectrum for Wireless Broadband Services |work=News release |date=October 12, 2004 |publisher=IEEE Standards Association |url=http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/pr_80222.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090207021748/http://standards.ieee.org/announcements/pr_80222.html |archive-date=February 7, 2009 |access-date=August 19, 2011 }}</ref>
Trials such as those in the Netherlands by [[T-Mobile International AG|T-Mobile]] International in 2004 were announced as "Pre-standard 802.20". These were based on an [[orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing]] technology known as FLASH-OFDM developed by Flarion<ref>{{cite news |title = Pre-standard 802.20 broadband trial starts in Holland |date= September 8, 2004 |author= Mobile Pipeline News |work= EE Times |url= http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4145184/Pre-standard-802-20-broadband-trial-starts-in-Holland/ |access-date= August 19, 2011 }}</ref> (since 2006 owned by Qualcomm).
However, other service providers soon adopted 802.16e (the mobile version of WiMAX).<ref>{{cite news |title = Navini dumps 802.20 mobile broadband for WiMax |date= April 15, 2004 |author= Patrick Mannion |work= EE Times |url= http://www.eetimes.com/electronics-news/4144455/Navini-dumps-802-20-mobile-broadband-for-WiMax/ |access-date= August 19, 2011 }}</ref>

In September 2008, the [[Association of Radio Industries and Businesses]] in [[Japan]] adopted the 802.20-2008 standard as ARIB STD-T97.
[[Kyocera]] markets products supporting the standard under the iBurst name. {{As of|2011 |3}}, Kyocera claimed 15 operators offered service in 12 countries.<ref name="slides">{{cite web |title= Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Supporting Vehicular Mobility |author= Radhakrishna Canchi |date= March 11, 2011 |url= http://www.ieee802.org/minutes/2011-March/802%20workshop/IEEE_March2011-Workshop-IEEE80220-Canchi-Draft-v2.pdf |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref>

== Commercial use ==
Various options are already commercially available using:
* Desktop modem with [[USB]] and Ethernet ports (with external power supply)
* Portable [[USB]] modem (using USB power supply)
* Laptop modem ([[PC card]])
* Wireless Residential Gateway
* Mobile Broadband Router

iBurst was commercially available in twelve countries in 2011 including [[Azerbaijan]], [[Lebanon]], and [[United States]].<ref name="slides"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.elcell.az/en/index.html |title=iBurst in Azerbaijan |access-date=2016-03-27 |archive-date=2016-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330014350/http://www.elcell.az/en/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://mobi.tm iBurst in Lebanon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323052102/http://mobi.tm/ |date=2016-03-23 }}</ref>

iBurst (Pty) Ltd started operation in [[South Africa]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |title= About iBurst: The iBurst way |work= Provider web site |url= http://www.iburst.co.za/neuvo.aspx?link=company_company |access-date= August 21, 2011 |archive-date= September 2, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110902025824/http://www.iburst.co.za/neuvo.aspx?link=company_company |url-status= dead }}</ref>

iBurst Africa International provided the service in [[Ghana]] in 2007, and then later in [[Mozambique]], [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] and [[Kenya]].<ref>{{cite web |title= iBurst Africa: Wireless Internet Service Provider (ISP) in DRC |work= Provider web site |url= http://www.iburstafrica.com/index.php?c=cd&lang=English&content=ourcompany |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref>

MoBif Wireless Broadband Sdn Bhd, started service in [[Malaysia]] in 2007, changing its name to iZZinet.<ref>{{cite news |title= iBurst now available in Malaysia |author= Rudolph Muller |work= MyBroadband |location= South Africa |url= http://mybroadband.co.za/news/wireless/1054-iburst-now-available-in-malaysia.html |access-date= August 21, 2011}}</ref> The provider ceased operations in March 2011.

In [[Australia]], Veritel and Personal Broadband Australia (a subsidiary of Commander Australia Limited), offered iBurst services however both have since been shut down after the increase of 3.5G and 4G mobile data services. [[BigAir]] acquired Veritel's iBurst customers in 2006,<ref>{{cite news |title= BigAir acquires iBurst customers |work= Computerworld |date= June 8, 2006  |url= http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/158687/bigair_acquires_iburst_customers |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref> and shut down the service in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=BigAir touts wireless market opportunities |author= Tim Lohman |work= Computerworld |date= March 16, 2010 |url= http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/158687/bigair_acquires_iburst_customers |access-date= August 21, 2011 }}</ref>
Personal Broadband Australia's iBurst service was shut down in December 2008.

iBurst [[South Africa]] officially shut down on August 31, 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title= RIP iBurst |work= MyBroadband |date= August 31, 2017 |url= https://mybroadband.co.za/news/broadband/226461-rip-iburst.html |access-date= May 3, 2018 }}</ref> Users were given a choice to keep their @iburst.co.za or @wbs.co.za. iBurst still keeps support staff available, however this is also expected to be shut down by the end of 2017 (no information about support remaining for the email addresses from iBurst has been given).

== See also==
* [[Broadband Wireless Access]]
* [[Satellite internet]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title= IEEE 802.20: Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) |work= Official web site |url= https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/20/ |access-date= August 20, 2011 }}
* {{cite book |title= IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks — Part 20: Air Interface for Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Supporting Vehicular Mobility — Physical and Media Access Control Layer Specification |work= Official standard document |publisher= IEEE Standards Association |date= August 29, 2008 |url= http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.20-2008.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100215083117/http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/download/802.20-2008.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= February 15, 2010 |isbn= 978-0-7381-5766-5}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327170810/http://ietcom.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/refs/E90-B/9/2330 Experiment and Simulation Results of Adaptive Antenna Array System at Base and Mobile Stations in Mobile Environment] - IEICE Transactions
* [http://global.kyocera.com/prdct/telecom/office/iburst/index.html Kyocera website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160109160457/http://iburst.org/ iBurst Association]

{{IEEE standards}}
{{Cellular network standards}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Iburst}}
[[Category:IEEE 802]]
[[Category:Mobile broadband]]
[[Category:Wireless networking standards]]