Editing ISO 31

{{Short description|Superseded standard on quantities and units}}
'''ISO 31''' ([[Physical quantity|Quantities]] and [[Physical unit|unit]]s, [[International Organization for Standardization]], 1992) is a superseded international standard concerning [[physical quantities]], units of [[measurement]], their interrelationships and their presentation.<ref>{{cite web |title=ISO 31-0:1992 Quantities and units — Part 0: General principles |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/3621.html |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=8 May 2021}}</ref> It was revised and replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]].

==Parts==

The standard comes in 14 parts:

*[[ISO 31-0]]:  General principles (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-1:2009)
*[[ISO 31-1]]:  [[Space]] and [[time]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-3:2007)
*[[ISO 31-2]]:  Periodic and related [[phenomena]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-3:2007)
*[[ISO 31-3]]:  Mechanics (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-4:2006)
*[[ISO 31-4]]:  [[Heat]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-5)
*[[ISO 31-5]]:  [[Electricity]] and [[magnetism]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-6)
*[[ISO 31-6]]:  [[Light]] and related [[electromagnetic radiation]]s (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-7)
*[[ISO 31-7]]:  [[Acoustics]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-8:2007)
*[[ISO 31-8]]:  Physical [[chemistry]] and [[molecular physics]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-9)
*[[ISO 31-9]]:  Atomic and [[nuclear physics]]<small></small> (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-10)
*[[ISO 31-10]]: [[Nuclear reaction]]s and [[ionizing radiation]]s (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-10)
*[[ISO 31-11]]: Mathematical signs and [[symbol]]s for use in the physical sciences and [[technology]] (replaced by [[ISO 80000-2]]:2009)
*[[ISO 31-12]]: [[Characteristic numbers]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-11)
*[[ISO 31-13]]: [[Solid state physics]] (replaced by [[ISO/IEC 80000]]-12)

A second international standard on quantities and units was [[IEC 60027]].<ref>Tolga, G. O. K. (2016). The importance of symbols and units in natural science. The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences, 4, 165-167.</ref> The ISO 31 and IEC 60027 Standards were revised by the two standardization organizations in collaboration ([http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/chapter1/1-2.html], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090301164428/http://www.iec.ch/zone/si/si_present.htm]) to integrate both standards into a joint standard [[ISO/IEC 80000|''ISO/IEC 80000 - Quantities and Units'']] in which the quantities and equations used with SI are to be referred as the ''International System of Quantities'' (ISQ). ISO/IEC 80000 supersedes both ISO 31 and part of IEC 60027.

==Coined words==
[[ISO 31-0]] introduced several new words into the [[English language]] that are direct spelling-[[calques]] from the [[French language|French]].<ref>[https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp811.pdf NIST SP811](§8.9)</ref> Some of these words have been used in scientific literature.<ref>Mills, I. (1993). Quantities, units and symbols in physical chemistry/prepared for publication by Ian Mills...[et al.]. Oxford; Boston: Blackwell Science; Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press [distributor].</ref><ref>Taylor, B. (1995). Guide for the use of the International System of Units (SI): the metric system. DIANE Publishing.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dietrich |first1=P. M. |last2=Streeck |first2=C. |last3=Glamsch |first3=S. |last4=Ehlert |first4=C. |last5=Lippitz |first5=A. |last6=Nutsch |first6=A. |first7=B. |last7=Beckhoff |first8=Unger |last8=W. E. S. |year=2015 |title=Quantification of silane molecules on oxidized silicon: are there options for a traceable and absolute determination? |journal=Analytical Chemistry |volume=87 |issue=19 |pages=10117–10124 |doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02846|pmid=26334589 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sertlek |first1=H. Ö. |last2=Slabbekoorn |first2=H. |last3=Ten Cate |first3=C. |last4=Ainslie |first4=M. A. |year=2019 |title=Source specific sound mapping: Spatial, temporal and spectral distribution of sound in the Dutch North Sea |journal=Environmental Pollution |volume=247 |pages=1143–1157 |doi=10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.119|pmid=30823343 |bibcode=2019EPoll.247.1143S }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! New phrase 
! Existing phrase 
! Technical meaning 
|-
| massic <quantity> 
| specific <quantity>
 
| a quantity divided by its associated mass  
|-
| volumic <quantity> 
| [volumic] <quantity> density 
| a quantity divided by its associated volume 
|- 
| areic <quantity> 
| surface <quantity> density 
| a quantity divided by its associated area 
|- 
| lineic <quantity> 
| linear <quantity> density
| a quantity divided by its associated length  
|}

==Related national standards==

*'''Canada:''' CAN/CSA-Z234-1-89 Canadian Metric Practice Guide (covers some aspects of ISO 31-0, but is not a comprehensive list of physical quantities comparable to ISO 31)
*'''United States:''' There are several national [[SI]] guidance documents, such as [http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/contents.html NIST SP 811], [https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/pdf/sp330.pdf NIST SP 330], [https://web.archive.org/web/20111105080437/http://ts.nist.gov/WeightsAndMeasures/Metric/pub814.cfm NIST SP 814], IEEE/ASTM SI 10, SAE J916. These cover many aspects of the ISO 31-0 standard, but lack the comprehensive list of quantities and units defined in the remaining parts of ISO 31.

==See also==
*[[SI]] – the international system of units
*[[BIPM]] – publishes freely available information on SI units [http://www.bipm.org/en/si/si_brochure/], which overlaps with some of the material covered in [[ISO 31-0]]
*[[IUPAP]] – much of the material in ISO 31 comes originally from Document IUPAP-25 of the ''Commission for Symbols, Units and Nomenclature'' (SUN Commission) [https://web.archive.org/web/20050906064148/http://www.physics.umanitoba.ca/IUPAP/C2.html] of the ''International Union of Pure and Applied Physics''
*[[IUPAC]] – some of the material in ISO 31 originates from the ''Interdivisional Committee on Terminology, Nomenclature and Symbols'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20050828172951/http://www.iupac.org/standing/ictns.html] of the ''International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry''
*[[Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry]] – this IUPAC "Green Book" covers many ISO 31 definitions
* [[IEC 60027]] Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
* [[ISO 1000]] SI Units and Recommendations for the use of their multiples and of certain other units (bundled with ISO 31 as the ''ISO Standards Handbook – Quantities and units'')

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* {{cite book|title=ISO Standards Handbook: Quantities and units|publisher=ISO|last=International Organization for Standardization|author-link=International Organization for Standardization|location=Geneva|year=1993|isbn=92-67-10185-4|edition=3rd}} (contains both ISO 31 and [[ISO 1000]])
* {{cite journal|last=Cohen|first=E.&nbsp;R.|author2=Giacomo, P.|title=Symbols, Units, Nomenclature and Fundamental Constants in Physics (1987 Revision), Document IUPAP-25 (IUPAP&ndash;SUNAMCO 87&ndash;1)|journal=[[Physica A]]|volume=146|year=1987|issue=1 |pages=1&ndash;68|doi=10.1016/0378-4371(87)90215-9|bibcode = 1987PhyA..146D...9C }}

==External links==
*[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=46202 ISO TC12 standards] – Quantities, units, symbols, conversion factors

{{ISO standards}}

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[[Category:ISO 31| ]]
[[Category:ISO standards|#00031]]
[[Category:Withdrawn ISO standards|#00031]]
[[Category:Physical quantities|+]]
[[Category:Measurement]]