Editing Ice Warrior

{{Short description|Fictional alien from Doctor Who}}
{{other uses|Ice Warriors (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}

{{Infobox fictional race
| name        = Ice Warriors
| image       = DWE Ice Warrior (20814233031).jpg
| image_size  = 200px
| caption     = An Ice Warrior on display at the ''Doctor Who'' Experience in 2015.
| series      = [[Doctor Who]]
| type        = Reptilian humanoids
| affiliation = The Galactic Federation<br>The Martian League
| home_world  = Mars
| first       = ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'' (1967)
| last        = "[[Empress of Mars]]" (2017)
| creator     = [[Brian Hayles]]
}}
The '''Ice Warriors''' are a [[fictional]] [[Extraterrestrials in fiction|extraterrestrial]] race of [[List of reptilian humanoids|reptilian humanoid]]s in the long-running British [[science fiction on television|science fiction television]] series ''[[Doctor Who]]''. They were originally created by [[Brian Hayles]], first appearing in the 1967 serial ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'' where they encountered the [[Second Doctor]] and his companions [[Jamie McCrimmon|Jamie]] and [[Victoria Waterfield|Victoria]]. In ''Doctor Who'', the Ice Warriors originated on [[Mars]], which within the series narrative is a dying world. Their early appearances depict the Ice Warriors as attempting to conquer the Earth and escape their planet as early as Earth's [[Quaternary glaciation|Ice Age]].<ref name= "Programme Guide">{{Cite book | last = Lofficier | first = Jean-Marc | author-link = Jean-Marc Lofficier | title = The ''Doctor Who'' Programme Guide: Fourth Edition | publisher = [[iUniverse]] | date = 8 May 2003 | pages = 68 | isbn = 0595276180}}</ref> A frozen group are discovered by an [[Earth]] scientific team, one of whom, Walters, dubs them 'Ice Warriors' in their first appearance. Despite this not being the name of their species, an Ice Lord later refers to his soldiers as Ice Warriors in the 1974 serial ''[[The Monster of Peladon]]''.<ref name= "Monster">{{cite web | title=''The Monster of Peladon'' Episode Guide | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/monsterofpeladon/detail.shtml | access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> Similarly there is a fleeting reference to themselves as such in ''[[The Curse of Peladon]]''. Although originally appearing as villains, subsequent appearances have depicted Ice Warriors that have eschewed violence and even ally themselves with the Doctor.<ref name= "Ice Warriors Profile">{{cite web | title=The Ice Warriors | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rryyj/profiles/ice-warriors | access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> They have also been featured in flashback and cameo appearances, in addition to appearing frequently in spin-off media such as novels and audio releases.

Serials were planned for both 1986 and 1990 that were to have featured the Ice Warriors: ''[[Mission to Magnus]]'' featuring the Sixth Doctor and the villain [[Sil (Doctor Who)|Sil]], and ''Ice Time'' featuring the Seventh Doctor. In both instances, the series was placed on a hiatus and the serials scrapped; however, ''[[Mission to Magnus]]'' was novelised by [[Target Books|Target]] and adapted as an audio drama by [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]], as was ''Ice Time'', retitled ''[[Thin Ice (audio drama)|Thin Ice]]'' in audio form.

The Ice Warriors returned in the revived series in the [[Doctor Who (series 7)|seventh series]] episode "[[Cold War (Doctor Who)|Cold War]]" (2013) and the [[Doctor Who (series 10)|tenth series]] episode "[[Empress of Mars]]" (2017).

==Creation==
The [[Doctor Who (season 4)|fourth season]] of ''Doctor Who'' ended with ''[[The Evil of the Daleks]]'', a serial intended to retire the [[Dalek]]s from the series; their creator Terry Nation intended to produce a spin-off in America.<ref>{{cite web | title=Doctor Who's Greatest Dalek Episodes: Friday Fiver | url= http://www.digitalspy.com.au/british-tv/s7/doctor-who/tubetalk/a403015/doctor-whos-greatest-dalek-episodes-friday-fiver.html | access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> The production office was keen to find new recurring monsters to be used instead of the retired Daleks and alongside the popular [[Cyberman|Cybermen]]. [[Brian Hayles]] was approached to create a suitable monster that could be used as a new recurring antagonist for the Doctor. He drew from newspaper reports of a baby mammoth found in 1900 in the Siberian ice, and from his interest in Mars, to create his monster.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} [[James Chapman (media historian)|James Chapman]] suggests that director [[Derek Martinus]] drew from the [[Christian Nyby]] film ''[[The Thing from Another World]]'' in realising Hayles' scripts, particularly the concept of an alien frozen in ice near an isolated science base.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Chapman | first = James | author-link = James Chapman (media historian) | title = Inside the TARDIS: The Worlds of Doctor Who | publisher = [[I B Tauris]] | date = 19 September 2006 | pages = 66 | isbn = 184511163X}}</ref>

Hayles had envisioned the Ice Warriors as cybernetic creatures, but designer Martin Baugh, fearing comparisons to the established Cybermen, instead designed costumes with vaguely reptilian features.<ref name= "Ice Warriors Photonovel">{{cite web | title=''The Ice Warriors'' Introduction | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/photonovels/icewarriors/intro.shtml | access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> After their first appearance, in 1967's ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'', they were a success and were brought back in 1969 for a second serial. [[Peter Bryant]], the producer of ''Doctor Who'' by 1969, also felt that a second appearance might better justify the expensive Ice Warrior costumes employed in their debut serial.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}}

==Physical characteristics==
{{Multiple images
| footer            = The Ice Warriors, how they appeared in the classic series, and how they appear in the revived era. As shown at the Doctor Who Experience.
| total_width       = 400
| image1            = Doctor Who Experience (30943587825).jpg
| width1            = 2848
| height1           = 4288
| image2            = Ice Warrior from Cold War (10634623524).jpg
| width2            = 3822
| height2           = 3216
}}

Martin Baugh was the costume designer for ''The Ice Warriors'' and was responsible for the decision to make the Ice Warriors reptilian humanoids.<ref name= "Ice Warriors Photonovel"/> As a costume designer, Baugh preferred to work with new materials, with Piers D Britton and Graham Sleight noting that, in designing the look of the monsters, Baugh crafted the armour from fibreglass.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Britton | first = Piers | author-link = Piers D Britton | title = Reading Between Designs: Visual Imagery and the Generation of Meaning in The Avengers, The Prisoner, and Doctor Who | publisher = [[University of Texas Press]] | date = 1 June 2003 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/readingbetweende00brit/page/n152 136] | url =https://archive.org/details/readingbetweende00brit| url-access = limited | isbn = 0292709277}}</ref><ref name= "Sleight">{{Cite book | last = Sleight | first = Graham | author-link = Graham Sleight | title = The Doctor's Monsters: Meanings of the Monstrous in Doctor Who | publisher = [[I B Tauris]] | date = 30 October 2012 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/doctorsmonstersm0000slei/page/155 155] | url = https://archive.org/details/doctorsmonstersm0000slei/page/155 | isbn = 978-1848851788 }}</ref> Sleight further comments that the sculpting of this armour is reflective of crocodile skin, suggesting their reptilian nature.<ref name= "Sleight"/>

Actors like [[Bernard Bresslaw]] (who portrayed the Ice Warrior Varga in their first appearance) used a sibilant whisper to demonstrate both the reptilian qualities of the monsters as well as to suggest that the Martian atmosphere is composed differently from that of Earth.<ref name= "Sleight"/> The hissing voice is believed to have been developed by Bresslaw.<ref name="Mark Gatiss Radio Times">{{cite web | title=Doctor Who's Mark Gatiss: Why I wanted to bring back the Ice Warriors | url= http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-04-13/doctor-whos-mark-gatiss-why-i-wanted-to-bring-back-the-ice-warriors | access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> Ice Warriors also have sonic weaponry built into their wrists.<ref name="SFX Ice Warriors">{{cite web | title=''Doctor Who'': Everything You Need To Know About The Ice Warriors | url= http://www.sfx.co.uk/gallery/doctor-who-everything-you-need-to-know-about-ice-warriors | access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> ''[[The Seeds of Death]]'' introduces an officer caste often referred to as Ice Lords.<ref name= "SFX Ice Warriors"/><ref>{{Cite book | last = Sleight | first = Graham | author-link = Graham Sleight | title = The Doctor's Monsters: Meanings of the Monstrous in Doctor Who | publisher = [[I B Tauris]] | date = 30 October 2012 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/doctorsmonstersm0000slei/page/156 156] | url = https://archive.org/details/doctorsmonstersm0000slei/page/156 | isbn = 978-1848851788 }}</ref> They are less armoured than their soldier counterparts and lack their mounted sonic weaponry. Common to both the Ice Warriors and Ice Lords are claw-like gloves.

For the return of the characters in 2013's "[[Cold War (Doctor Who)|Cold War]]", these became three-fingered gloves, similar to another Doctor Who alien, [[Sontaran|the Sontarans]].<ref name= "SFX Ice Warriors"/><ref name="Gorton Redesign">{{cite web | title=''Doctor Who'': Cold War preview – the Ice Warrior's return offers something for both newcomers and fans | url= http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-04-07/doctor-who-cold-war-preview---the-ice-warriors-return-offers-something-for-both-newcomers-and-fans | access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref>

Neill Gorton chose to make the creatures appear "beefier and stronger", redesigning the Ice Warrior armour to resemble plating. Urethane rubber was used, which is more flexible and comfortable than fibreglass.<ref name= "Gorton Redesign"/> Mark Gatiss says that he insisted on remaining true to the original Ice Warriors' design for their return appearance.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mark Gatis Talks The Return of the Ice Warriors | url= http://www.sfx.co.uk/2013/04/09/mark-gatiss-talks-the-return-of-the-ice-warriors | access-date=14 April 2013}}</ref>

"Cold War" also depicts an Ice Warrior removing its armour for the first time within the series, something that the Doctor says is the ultimate disgrace for an Ice Warrior.<ref name= "Cold War">{{cite episode | title = Cold War | episode-link = Cold War (Doctor Who) | series = Doctor Who | series-link = Doctor Who | credits = Writer [[Mark Gatiss]], Director [[Douglas Mackinnon]], Producer [[Marcus Wilson (producer)|Marcus Wilson]] | network = BBC | station = BBC1 | location = London | airdate = 2013-04-13}}</ref> The episode does not feature an entirely unclothed Ice Warrior; however it includes shots of clawed hands in scenes that some reviewers have compared with ''[[Alien (film)|Alien]]'', in addition to a revealing of the Ice Warrior's face during the episode's climax.<ref>{{cite news | title=Review: 'Doctor Who' Hunts for Red October in 'Cold War' | url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/carolpinchefsky/2013/04/13/review-doctor-who-hunts-for-red-october-in-cold-war/ | access-date=15 April 2013 | work=Forbes | first=Carol | last=Pinchefsky}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Doctor Who 7.08 "Cold War" REVIEW | url= http://www.sfx.co.uk/2013/04/13/doctor-who-7-08-cold-war-review/ | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref> "Cold War" also reveals that the Ice Warrior armour is a bio-mechanical shell intended to protect the Ice Warrior from the cold; as a cold-blooded species, they are susceptible to temperature fluctuations. The shell can be controlled remotely using sonic technology.<ref name= "Cold War"/>

==History==
The Ice Warriors first appeared in the 1967 story ''[[The Ice Warriors]]'', set during a future ice age in the year 3000.<ref name= "Programme Guide"/> A scientific team sent to halt the advance of the glaciers discovers a spacecraft buried underneath the ice, where it has lain for thousands of years together with its Ice Warrior crew. The Martians are revived and attempt to take over the scientific base, but are defeated by the [[Second Doctor]] ([[Patrick Troughton]]) and their ship destroyed as it tries to take off.<ref name="The Ice Warriors">{{cite episode|title=The Ice Warriors|episode-link=The Ice Warriors|series=Doctor Who|series-link=Doctor Who|credits= Writer [[Brian Hayles]], Director [[Derek Martinus]], Producer [[Innes Lloyd]]|network=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=11 November – 16 December 1967}}</ref>

They returned in the 1969 serial ''[[The Seeds of Death]]'', which takes place in the mid-21st century. In this story, the world has grown dependent on the [[Teleportation|matter transmission]] system T-Mat, which an Ice Warrior strike force intends to exploit to conquer Earth. After seizing the T-Mat relay on the Moon, they use it to send seeds that are intended to reduce the atmosphere's oxygen, resembling the Martian atmosphere and making the [[Terraforming|Earth hospitable for Martian life]]. This plan is foiled by the Second Doctor and his companions Jamie ([[Frazer Hines]]) and [[Zoe Heriot|Zoe]] ([[Wendy Padbury]]), and the invading Martian fleet is sent into an orbit around the [[Sun]].<ref name="The Seeds of Death">{{cite episode|title=The Seeds of Death|episode-link=The Seeds of Death|series=Doctor Who|series-link=Doctor Who|credits= Writer [[Brian Hayles]] and [[Terrance Dicks]] (uncredited), Director [[Michael Ferguson (director)|Michael Ferguson]], Producer [[Peter Bryant]]|network=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=25 January – 1 March 1969}}</ref>

[[File:CurseofPeladon IceLord.jpg|thumb|''[[The Curse of Peladon]]'' depicts an Ice Warrior delegation aiding the Doctor.]]

When the Ice Warriors returned in 1972, in ''[[The Curse of Peladon]]'', it was decided by the production team to subvert the audience's expectations, featuring them as allies of the [[Third Doctor]] ([[Jon Pertwee]]) rather than villains.{{citation needed|date=December 2018}} The serial depicts the Ice Warriors having renounced violence and become members of a Galactic Federation that, besides Mars, also includes Earth, Alpha Centauri and Arcturus. They had been sent as members of a delegation to negotiate for the planet Peladon to join the Federation, where the Third Doctor encounters them after he and his companion [[Jo Grant]] ([[Katy Manning]]) are mistaken for the delegates from Earth. The Doctor initially suspects that the Ice Warriors are behind attempted sabotage to the proceedings; however, he accepts that the Ice Warriors have changed when they save his life.<ref name= "Ice Warriors Profile"/> With the help of the Ice Warriors, the Doctor uncovers a plot by the High Priest, Hepesh ([[Geoffrey Toone]]), and the delegation from Arcturus, a world which is an old enemy of Mars, each with their own motives, to prevent Peladon's admission to the Federation.<ref name="The Curse of Peladon">{{cite episode|title=The Curse of Peladon|episode-link=The Curse of Peladon|series=Doctor Who|series-link=Doctor Who|credits= Writer [[Brian Hayles]] and [[Terrance Dicks]] (uncredited), Director Lennie Mayne, Producer [[Barry Letts]]|network=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=29 January – 19 February 1972}}</ref>

A sequel, ''[[The Monster of Peladon]]'', aired in 1974 and was set 50 years after the events of ''The Curse of Peladon''.<ref name= "Monster"/> Here, the Ice Warriors are depicted serving as Federation peacekeeping troops. The Ice Lord Azaxyr, however, leader of this force, was working with Galaxy 5, which was at war with the Federation. Seeking a return to the race's warrior past, he tried to impose martial law and take over Peladon but was stopped by the Peladonians, who were aided by the Third Doctor.<ref name="The Monster of Peladon">{{cite episode|title=The Monster of Peladon|episode-link=The Monster of Peladon|series=Doctor Who|series-link=Doctor Who|credits= Writer [[Brian Hayles]], Director Lennie Mayne, Producer [[Barry Letts]]|network=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=23 March – 27 April 1974}}</ref>

As popular recurring monsters, the Ice Warriors have appeared in flashbacks and been referred to throughout the series history. During the Second Doctor's trial during ''[[The War Games]]'', he lists the Ice Warriors as among many threats he has defended the universe against.<ref name="The War Games">{{cite episode|title=The War Games|episode-link=The War Games|series=Doctor Who|series-link=Doctor Who|credits= Writer [[Terrence Dicks]] and [[Malcolm Hulke]], Director [[David Maloney]], Producer [[Derrick Sherwin]]|network=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=19 April – 21 May 1967}}</ref> During the Third Doctor serial ''[[The Mind of Evil]]'', when forced to confront his fears by the Keller Machine, he sees images of his past enemies, including the Ice Warriors. The newly-[[Regeneration (Doctor Who)|regenerated]] [[Fifth Doctor]] ([[Peter Davison]]), during a moment of initial instability, makes mention of the Ice Warriors and the Brigadier in the 1981 serial ''[[Castrovalva (Doctor Who)|Castrovalva]]''.<ref name="Castrovalva">{{cite episode|title=Castrovalva|episode-link=Castrovalva (Doctor Who)|series=Doctor Who|series-link=Doctor Who|credits= Writer [[Christopher H. Bidmead]], Director [[Fiona Cumming]], Producer [[John Nathan-Turner]]|network=[[BBC]]|location=London|date=4–12 January 1982}}</ref> This has been seen as perhaps alluding to an unseen adventure.<ref name="SFX Ice Warriors"/><ref>{{cite web | title=BBC – Doctor Who Classic Episode Guide – Castrovalva – Details | url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/classic/episodeguide/castrovalva/detail.shtml | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref> When confronted by alien sentient water in the 2009 episode "[[The Waters of Mars]]", the [[Tenth Doctor]] ([[David Tennant]]) theorizes that the Ice Warriors froze it in an underground glacier to prevent its escape, testing the virus by addressing it in Ancient North Martian as it reacts to his words, referring to them as "a fine and noble race who built an empire out of snow".<ref>{{cite episode | title = The Waters of Mars | episode-link = The Waters of Mars | series = Doctor Who | series-link = Doctor Who | credits = Writer [[Russell T Davies]] and [[Phil Ford (writer)|Phil Ford]], Director [[Graeme Harper]], Producer [[Nikki Wilson]] | network = BBC | station = BBC1 | location = London | airdate = 2009-11-15}}</ref>

The 2013 episode "[[Cold War (Doctor Who)|Cold War]]" is the first to depict the Ice Warriors in the revived series and features the [[Eleventh Doctor]] ([[Matt Smith]]) encountering Grand Marshal Skaldak, a legendary warrior who had been trapped in the ice for 5000 years, on a sunken Soviet submarine. It is also the first televised story to depict an Ice Warrior without its armour. After Skaldak escapes from the ice, the crew manage to subdue him, which under Martian Law he believes is a declaration of war by humanity. After failing to communicate with his fleet for rescue or reinforcements, Skaldak leaves his armour and tears apart crew members to forensically study the weaknesses of human anatomy. One crew member, Stepashin ([[Tobias Menzies]]), reveals to Skaldak that the submarine is armed with nuclear missiles that could destroy the planet. Upon returning to his armour, Skaldak prepares to fire the missiles. However, he relents and is rescued by an Ice Warrior spaceship that pulls the submarine through the ice to the surface. Before the spaceship leaves, Skaldak deactivates the warheads.<ref name= "Cold War"/>
[[File:Doctor Who Experience series 10 (35604715033).jpg|thumb|left|The Empress of Mars, on display at a Doctor Who exhibition]]
The Ice Warriors reappear alongside the [[Twelfth Doctor]] in the 2017 episode "[[Empress of Mars]]," featuring the first female Ice Warrior. While female Ice Warriors have been mentioned before, this marks their first onscreen appearance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2017-06-05/first-look-at-the-brand-new-female-ice-warrior-in-next-weeks-doctor-who|title=First look at the brand new female Ice Warrior in next week's Doctor Who|date=5 June 2017|last=Doran|first=Sarah}}</ref> In the episode, a crew of soldiers in the Victorian era help an Ice Warrior who they nickname Friday to get home after his crashed ship is salvaged and he is awoken from suspended animation, only for him to discover the planet is dead. Friday awakens the Ice Queen, Iraxxa, who wants to kill the humans. Despite a rebellion by one of the soldiers, Colonel Godsacre, the mission's true commander, negotiates his death as long as she spares the rest of his men and the Earth. Iraxxa is impressed with his bravery, and offers him the chance to join their ranks. Iraxxa awakens several dormant Ice Warriors, and the Doctor calls the Galactic Federation's Alpha Centauri to pick up the remaining Ice Warriors, realizing this is the beginning of the Ice Warrior golden age.

==Other appearances==

===Prose===
[[Target Books|Target]] released a novelisation of ''[[Mission to Magnus]]'' in 1990 written by [[Phillip Martin]]. This is based on a serial intended for [[Doctor Who (season 23)|Season 23]], but this was scrapped after the series was put on an 18-month hiatus in March 1985. The novel features the Ice Warriors allying themselves with the villain [[Sil (Doctor Who)|Sil]] and facing the [[Sixth Doctor]] and [[Peri Brown|Peri]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Doctor Who – Mission to Magnus | url=http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~ecl6nb/OnTarget/1990/mission/misfacts.htm | access-date=15 April 2013 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706193745/http://www.personal.leeds.ac.uk/~ecl6nb/OnTarget/1990/mission/misfacts.htm | archive-date=6 July 2013 }}</ref> They intend to move the planet Magnus Epsilon away from the sun, shifting it into a perpetual winter and turning it into their new home planet. After the Ice Warriors abandon Sil as unnecessary to the completion of their plans, he offers to help the Doctor and Peri defeat them. The Ice Warriors are ultimately destroyed when Magnus Epsilon returns to its original orbit.<ref>{{cite web | title=Mission to Magnus | url= http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_ms03.htm | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref>

After the cancellation of ''Doctor Who'' in 1989, [[Virgin Publishing]] secured a license to publish original ''Doctor Who'' fiction continuing the adventures of the [[Seventh Doctor]]. The Ice Warriors make several appearances in the [[Virgin New Adventures]]. The 1992 [[Ben Aaronovitch]] novel ''[[Transit (Aaronovitch novel)|Transit]]'' is set after a war between humanity and the Ice Warriors called the "Thousand Day War" and depicts a war veteran, Old Sam, making a gesture of peace at the novel's conclusion.<ref>{{cite web | title=Transit | url= http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_na10.htm | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref> [[Craig Hinton|Craig Hinton's]] 1996 novel ''[[GodEngine]]'' novel follows on from this, depicting humans and Ice Warriors entering a new era of cooperation after the defeat of a faction allied with [[Dalek]]s who had recently [[The Dalek Invasion of Earth|invaded the Earth]]. This novel also explores the influence of the [[Pyramids of Mars|Osirians]] on Martian culture. The titular GodEngine in particular is shown as an Ice Warrior creation using Osirian technology, with the Daleks intending on replacing the Earth's magnetic core with the GodEngine after an Ice Warrior faction has completed it.<ref>{{cite web | title=GodEngine | url= http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_na51.htm | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref>

''[[Legacy (Russell novel)|Legacy]]'' by [[Gary Russell]], released in 1994, is a sequel to the Peladon stories. It features the Doctor and Ice Warriors dispatched by the Galactic Federation to find a murderer hiding himself in the crowds of a Peladonian ceremony. The novel depicts a strained relationship between the Doctor and the Ice Warriors; he remains suspicious of their motives, and the Ice Lord Savaar is irritated by this suspicion. After the Doctor is implicated in murder, Savaar asks to personally execute the Doctor so as to avenge previous Ice Warrior defeats. The two manage to reconcile and work together to defeat the real killer.<ref>{{cite web | title=Legacy | url= http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_na25.htm | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref> Savaar was among a group of Ice Warriors who later attended [[Bernice Summerfield|Bernice Summerfield's]] wedding in the 1996 novel ''[[Happy Endings (novel)|Happy Endings]]'' by [[Paul Cornell]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Happy Endings | url= http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_na50.htm | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref>

''[[The Dying Days]]'' depicts the [[Eighth Doctor]] preventing an Ice Warrior invasion in 1997, with the aid of the Brigadier and [[Bernice Summerfield]]. The novel reveals that, after the Mars Probe missions, depicted in the 1970 serial ''[[The Ambassadors of Death]]'', Earth made inadvertent hostile contact with the Ice Warriors, which was covered up by British intelligence services. Lord Greyhaven, the minister in charge of the novel's missions to Mars, has been in contact with the Ice Warriors and aids in their take-over of the United Kingdom. Greyhaven is killed by the Ice Warriors after rethinking his actions and wiping out the Argyre Ice Warrior clan. The invasion attempt is ultimately defeated by the military.<ref>{{cite web | title=The Dying Days | url= http://www.drwhoguide.com/who_na61.htm | access-date=15 April 2013}}</ref>

The BBC [[Eighth Doctor Adventures]] novel [[The Last Resort (novel)|''The Last Resort'']] features numerous conflicting alternate timelines in which the Martian race has either been enslaved by humans or else has exterminated all but a select human elite to prevent their enslavement. In these realities, Martian life began as a result of bacteria from the decaying corpses of millions of temporal duplicates of a time-travelling teenager called Jack Kowaczski, arriving from millions of parallel timelines on the uninhabitable surface of Mars and dying, changing the Martian atmosphere and evolving. With the timeline breaking down due to the temporal complications of the Martians' existence, the Doctor averts the existence of these Martians by going back in time and taking an infant version of Jack Kowaczski back in time to be raised somewhere he can never build his time machine.

The [[Past Doctor Adventures]] ''[[Fear Itself (Wallace novel)|Fear Itself]]'' (which is set shortly after humans colonise Mars) mentions that native Martians (never named explicitly as Ice Warriors) have been forced into poverty and homelessness by humans, except for a few who have resorted to terrorism to reclaim their planet.

In 2011, as part of the [[New Series Adventures]] range, a novel called ''[[The Silent Stars Go By (Abnett novel)|The Silent Stars Go By]]'' was released. It was written by [[Dan Abnett]] and features the [[Eleventh Doctor]], together with [[Companion (Doctor Who)|companions]] [[Amy Pond]] and [[Rory Williams]]. The [[TARDIS]] crew accidentally find themselves on an Earth-like planet during winter, sometime in the future. There they come into contact with the Ice Warriors, who are seeking a new home for themselves as both Earth and Mars are currently uninhabitable, but complications arise when they discover that this planet is the subject of an Earth terraforming project.

===Audio===
In the [[Big Finish Productions|Big Finish]] audio play ''[[Red Dawn (audio drama)|Red Dawn]]'', [[NASA]]'s first crewed mission to Mars encounters a small band of surviving Ice Warriors who had been placed in suspended animation to defend the tomb of Izdaal, the greatest warrior of the Martian race. According to this story, previous uncrewed Mars probes had brought back fragments of alien technology and DNA, and scientists had gone so far as to create human/Martian hybrid clones. This story, set in the 21st century, appears to depict the first full contact between humans and Ice Warriors. This is difficult to reconcile with ''The Dying Days'', and may support the idea that the novels and audios take place in separate [[Parallel universe (fiction)|parallel universe]]s.

Another audio play, ''Frozen Time'', sees the Seventh Doctor and a human expedition discovering a group of Ice Warriors frozen in the Antarctic. These are revealed to be criminals deliberately imprisoned there as punishment. Also, ''[[The Bride of Peladon]]'' saw the Fifth Doctor, [[Peri Brown|Peri]] and [[Erimem]] encountering an Ice Warrior on Peladon, the Ice Warrior investigating the recent death of his sister on Peladon, culminating in him sacrificing his life to trap the Osiran responsible for his sister's death.

The Ice Warriors made an appearance in the [[Bernice Summerfield]] audio ''[[The Dance of the Dead]]'', and the new gardener on the [[Irving Braxiatel|Braxiatel Collection]] is an Ice Warrior named Hass.

The Fifth Doctor meets the Ice Warriors yet again in the audio play ''[[The Judgement of Isskar]]''. This serves as a sort of [[origin story]] for them. The Doctor lands on Mars, looking for a segment of the Key to Time. At this point, Martians are a peaceful [[Commune (intentional community)|communal]] community who do not even know the meaning of the word "warrior". But, when the segment is taken away, the Martian atmosphere slowly erodes. They become desperate scavengers and, eventually, Ice Warriors.

In the 2010 [[Deimos and The Resurrection of Mars|''Deimos'' / ''The Resurrection of Mars'']], it is explained that many Ice Warriors went into [[cryogenic suspension]] after Mars was rendered inhospitable. Some of these vaults were on the Martian moon [[Deimos (moon)|Deimos]] and others were in the [[Asteroid Belt]]. Centuries later, some of these Ice Warriors were revived and eventually discovered a new home world. The planet was a beautiful, civilized utopia called Halcyon. The Ice Warriors killed all of the twenty billion inhabitants and renamed it New Mars. The Doctor's old foe [[The Monk (Doctor Who)|the Monk]] attempts to wake the Martians up centuries in advance so that they can re-colonise Mars at the cost of the human colonists on the planet at this time, arguing to the Doctor that this will save the inhabitants of Halcyon later. The Doctor prevents this plan to preserve history, but the Monk uses this scheme to manipulate the Doctor's current companion Tamsin to join him (not revealing to Tamsin that he was the reason the Ice Warriors woke up in the first place). 

In ''[[Lords of the Red Planet]]'', the Second Doctor encounters the Ice Warriors at an early point of their history. This, along with ''The Judgment of Isskar'', serves as an origin story for the Ice Warriors, with ''Lords'' essentially depicting their genetic origin while ''Judgement'' depicted their cultural growth. This story is from an unproduced script of Patrick Troughton's final season as the Doctor, re-created by Big Finish Productions. In this version of their origin, the Ice Warriors were the products of genetic engineering by the original inhabitants of Mars to act as a security force, augmenting a race of turtle-like creatures to serve the more lizard-esque Martians, but the research project that created the Ice Warriors was taken over by a psychopath who sought to create her own power base. Guided by the Doctor's example, her Ice Warriors are destroyed through the sacrifice of an early Ice Lord and a prototype Ice Warrior, with only a few examples of the species left alive, leaving it open whether the Ice Warriors depicted here will become the Ice Warrior culture witnessed in the show or if her creations will 'die out' and the familiar species will naturally evolve from the turtle-like creatures later.

In ''[[Doctor Who: The Tenth Doctor Adventures]] Volume Two- Cold Vengeance'', the [[Tenth Doctor]] and [[Rose Tyler]] land on an asteroid that is being used as one of several freezer storage shops for the planet below, but learn that it was created from ice taken from another planet in this system, the other planet having previously been an Ice Warrior colony before the humans destroyed most of its population and forced the survivors to freeze themselves and hide. When a raid on the asteroid turns off the coolant system, a group of Ice Warriors hidden in the ice defrost enough to escape, attempting to crash the asteroid and another spaceship into the planet below in revenge for their past treatment, but the Doctor is able to destroy both asteroid and ship before they can crash. The last Ice Lord learns that some of his people survive on the colony below, living in the ghettos of the human city, but he attempts to destroy the Doctor with his suit's self-destruct systems rather than accept that his vengeance has been for nothing.

===Comics===
In the ''Doctor Who'' comic strip published in the ''Radio Times'' in 1996, an Ice Warrior named [[Ssard]] became a companion to the [[Eighth Doctor]], together with the human [[Stacy Townsend]]. Ssard's introductory strip dealt with a "medieval" period of Mars's history. Stacy and Ssard reappeared in the [[BBC Books]] novel ''Placebo Effect'' by Gary Russell, where the two were married. In the monthly ''[[Doctor Who Magazine|Doctor Who]]'' comic strips, an Ice Warrior named Harma is part of [[Abslom Daak|Abslom Daak's]] Dalek-killing band, the Star Tigers. Another ''Doctor Who Weekly'' back-up strip, ''Deathworld'' (#15 and #16), featured a conflict between the Ice Warriors and the Cybermen. In the story ''4-Dimensional Vistas'' (''Doctor Who Monthly'' #78-83), the [[Fifth Doctor]] and his new companion [[List of companions in Doctor Who spin-offs#G|Gus Goodman]] discover the Ice Warriors at an Arctic Base, allied with the [[Meddling Monk]] and planning to use a giant crystal to create a sonic cannon. The Seventh Doctor faced the Ice Warriors in the comic "A Cold Day in Hell" with Frobisher as the companion. The comic was printed in "Doctor Who Magazine"(130-133).

==Appearances==
===Television===
*''[[The Ice Warriors]]'' (1967)
*''[[The Seeds of Death]]'' (1969)
*''[[The Curse of Peladon]]'' (1972)
*''[[The Monster of Peladon]]'' (1974)
*"[[Cold War (Doctor Who)|Cold War]]"<!-- As outlined by MoS:TITLE, individual episodes should appear in quotes --> (2013)
*"[[Empress of Mars]]" (2017)

====Cameos====
*''[[The War Games]]'' (1969)
*''[[The Mind of Evil]]'' (1971)
*"[[Face the Raven]]" (2015)

===Novels===
====Target Books====
*''[[Mission to Magnus]]'' – [[Target Books|Target]] novelisation of the unmade serial by Philip Martin – 1990

====Virgin New Adventures (the Doctor)====
*''[[Legacy (Russell novel)|Legacy]]'' by Gary Russell – 1994
*''[[GodEngine]]'' by Craig Hinton – 1996
*''[[Happy Endings (novel)|Happy Endings]]'' by Paul Cornell – 1996
*''[[The Dying Days]]'' by Lance Parkin – 1997

====Virgin Missing Adventures====
*''[[The Empire of Glass]]'' by Andy Lane – 1995

====Virgin New Adventures (Bernice Summerfield)====
*''[[Beige Planet Mars]]'' by Lance Parkin and Mark Clapham – 1998

====New Series Adventures====
*''[[The Silent Stars Go By (Abnett novel)|The Silent Stars Go By]]'' by Dan Abnett – 2011

====Other====
*''Cold'' (Doctor Who Storybook 2009) by Mark Gatiss – 2008

===Audio plays===
*''[[Red Dawn (audio drama)|Red Dawn]]'' – 2000
*''[[Bang-Bang-a-Boom!]]'' (cameo) – 2002
*[[Professor Bernice Summerfield]]: ''[[The Dance of the Dead]]'' – 2002
*''[[Frozen Time]]'' – 2007
*''[[The Bride of Peladon]]'' – 2008
*''[[The Judgement of Isskar]]'' – 2009
*''[[The Prisoner of Peladon]]'' – 2009
*''[[Mission to Magnus]]'' – 2009, audio adaptation of the unmade serial
*''[[Deimos and The Resurrection of Mars|Deimos]]'' / ''[[Deimos and The Resurrection of Mars|The Resurrection of Mars]]'' – 2010
*''[[Thin Ice (audio drama)|Thin Ice]]'' – 2011, audio adaptation of the unmade serial
*''[[Lords of the Red Planet]]'' – 2013
*''Cold Vengeance'' – 2017
*''Cry of the Vultriss'' – 2020
*''Ice Heist'' – 2023

;Video games
*''[[Destiny of the Doctors]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{TardisIndexFile|Ice Warrior}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170206123336/http://home.earthlink.net/~qstnmark/icepage.htm The Ice Warrior page]

{{Subject bar |portal2=Doctor Who |commons=y }}
{{Doctor Who characters|selected=Villains}}
{{Ice Warrior stories}}

[[Category:Doctor Who aliens]]
[[Category:Fictional warrior races]]
[[Category:Fictional Martians]]
[[Category:Fictional reptilians]]