Editing Ilocos Norte

{{More citations needed|date=September 2013}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Ilocos Norte
| settlement_type          = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
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| image1                   = Bangui Bangui Wind Farm east (Bangui, Ilocos Norte; 11-17-2022).jpg
| image2                   = Cape Bojeador Lighthouse 03, Burgos, Ilocos Norte.jpg
| image3                   = Kapurpurawan Rock Formation Medium shot 2021.jpg
| image4                   = Patapat Viaduct in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, Philippines.jpg
| image5                   = Bacarra Bell Tower.jpg
}}
'''Clockwise from the top''': [[Bangui Windfarm]], [[Kapurpurawan Rock Formation]], [[Bacarra Church|Bacarra Church Belltower]], [[Patapat Viaduct]], [[Cape Bojeador Lighthouse]]
| image_flag               = Ilocos Norte Flag HQ.png
| flag_size                = 120x80px
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| image_map                = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_caption              = Location in the Philippines
| coordinates              = {{PH wikidata|coordinates}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = Philippines
| subdivision_type1        = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1        = {{PH wikidata|region}}
| established_title        = [[Date of establishment|Founded]]
| established_date         = February 2, 1818
| seat_type                = Capital<br />{{nobold|and largest city}}
| seat                     = {{PH wikidata|seat}}
| government_type          = 
| leader_party             = 
| leader_title             = [[Governor]]
| leader_name              = [[Matthew Manotoc]] ([[Nacionalista Party|NP]])
| leader_title1            = [[Vice Governor]]
| leader_name1             = Cecilia Araneta ([[Nacionalista Party|NP]])
| leader_title2            = [[Sangguniang Panlalawigan|Legislature]]
| leader_name2             = [[Ilocos Norte Provincial Board]]
| area_footnotes           = <ref name=nscblist>{{cite web|title=List of Provinces |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |access-date=September 26, 2013 |location=Makati, Philippines |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117174921/http://nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/listprov.asp |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| area_rank                = 38th out of 81
| elevation_max_m          = 2,361
| elevation_max_point      = [[Mount Sicapoo]]
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| population_as_of         = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_rank          = 53rd out of 81
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_density_rank  = 52nd out of 81
| population_demonym       ={{unbulleted list|Ilocano (m/n)|Ilocana (f)}}
| demographics_type1       = Divisions
| demographics1_title1     = [[Cities of the Philippines#Independent cities|Independent&nbsp;cities]]
| demographics1_info1      = 0
| demographics1_title2     = [[Cities of the Philippines|Component cities]]
| demographics1_info2      = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
| title                   = 2
 | [[Batac]]
 | [[Laoag]]
}}
| demographics1_title3     = [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Municipalities]]
| demographics1_info3      = {{Collapsible list
| titlestyle              = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke;
| title                   = 21
 | [[Adams, Ilocos Norte|Adams]]
 | [[Bacarra]]
 | [[Badoc]]
 | [[Bangui, Ilocos Norte|Bangui]]
 | [[Banna, Ilocos Norte|Banna]]
 | [[Burgos, Ilocos Norte|Burgos]]
 | [[Carasi]]
 | [[Currimao]]
 | [[Dingras]]
 | [[Dumalneg]]
 | [[Marcos, Ilocos Norte|Marcos]]
 | [[Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte|Nueva Era]]
 | [[Pagudpud]]
 | [[Paoay]]
 | [[Pasuquin]]
 | [[Piddig]]
 | [[Pinili]]
 | [[San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte|San Nicolas]]
 | [[Sarrat]]
 | [[Solsona, Ilocos Norte|Solsona]]
 | [[Vintar]]
}}
| demographics1_title4     = [[Barangay]]s
| demographics1_info4      = [[List of barangays in Ilocos Norte|559]]
| demographics1_title5     = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Districts]]
| demographics1_info5      = [[Legislative districts of Ilocos Norte]]
| timezone                 = [[Time in the Philippines|PHT]]
| utc_offset               = +8
| postal_code_type         = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code_type           = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code                = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| iso_code                 = {{PH wikidata|iso_code}}
| blank_name_sec1          = Spoken languages
| blank_info_sec1          = {{hlist | [[Ilocano language|Ilocano]] | [[Filipino language|Filipino]] | English }}
| blank_name_sec2          = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec2          = {{increase}} 0.82 ({{fontcolor|Green|Very High}})<ref name="2024 Philippine Provincial HDI">{{cite web |title=Gender and Special Population Groups; Provincial Human Development Index |url=http://openstat.psa.gov.ph/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/DB__3E__CH__IP/0023E3D2080.px/?rxid=5bf7d5c2-1a5c-4991-a66d-5a3e07689377 |website=Philippine Statistics Authority |access-date=January 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617100728/http://openstat.psa.gov.ph/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/DB__3E__CH__IP/0023E3D2080.px/?rxid=5bf7d5c2-1a5c-4991-a66d-5a3e07689377 |archive-date=June 17, 2020}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec2         = HDI rank
| blank1_info_sec2         = [[List of Philippine provinces by Human Development Index|3rd]] (2024)
| website                  = {{Official URL}}
| image_map1               = {{hidden begin|title=OpenStreetMap|ta1=center}}{{Infobox mapframe|frame-width=250|zoom=8}}{{hidden end}}
}}

'''Ilocos Norte''' ({{langx|eng|Northern Ilocos/North of Ilocos}}), officially the '''Province of Ilocos Norte''' ({{langx|ilo|Probinsia ti Ilocos Norte}}; {{langx|tl|Lalawigan ng Ilocos Norte}}), is a [[Provinces of the Philippines|province]] of the Philippines located in the [[Ilocos Region]]. It is located in the northwest corner of [[Luzon]] island, bordering [[Cagayan]] and [[Apayao]] to the east, and [[Abra (province)|Abra]] to the southeast, and [[Ilocos Sur]] to the southwest. Ilocos Norte faces the [[South China Sea]] to the west and the [[Luzon Strait]] to the north. Its capital is [[Laoag]], which is the most populous settlement in the province.

Ilocos Norte is noted for its distinctive geography and culture.<ref name="DoreenFernandezTIKIM">{{Cite book |last=Fernandez |first=Doreen |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1114270889 |title=Tikim : essays on Philippine food and culture |date=2020 |isbn=978-90-04-41479-2 |location=Leiden; Boston |oclc=1114270889}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://museoilocosnorte.com/the-museum/featured-exhibits/damili/ | title=Damili | date=March 16, 2001 }}</ref> This includes numerous examples of well-preserved Spanish colonial era architecture, particularly [[Laoag Cathedral|Saint William's Cathedral in Laoag]] with its sinking bell tower constructed in the [[Earthquake Baroque]] style,<ref name="AnriIchimuraESQ">{{Cite magazine |last1=Ichimura |first1=Anri |date=April 10, 2020 |title=How Mother Nature Restructured 'Earthquake' Baroque Churches in the Philippines |url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/earthquake-baroque-churches-in-the-philippines-a00304-20200410 |magazine=Esquire Magazine Philippines}}</ref> the [[Paoay Church|St. Augustine Church in Paoay]] which is one of UNESCO's [[List of World Heritage Sites in the Philippines|World Heritage Sites in the Philippines]],<ref name="PaoayChurchPRIMERMag">{{Cite magazine |title=Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte: The Stunning Historical Icon of the North |url=https://primer.com.ph/travel/2017/03/05/a-beautiful-piece-of-history-paoay-church/ |magazine=PRIMER Magazine |language=en}}</ref> and the [[Cape Bojeador Lighthouse]].  Famous geographical features include the [[La Paz Sand Dunes]], the beaches of [[Pagudpud]], and the eroded [[calcarenite]] [[Geology of the Philippines|Kapurpurawan rock formation]] in [[Burgos, Ilocos Norte|Burgos]].<ref name="CallejoGretchenEtAl2015">Callejo, Gretchen & Fernando, Allan Gil & Silva, Leopoldo. (2015). New Age Dates of the Kapurpurawan Rock Formation in Burgos, Ilocos Norte based on Foraminifera Assemblage.</ref>  

It is the birthplace of several notable Philippine leaders, including former President [[Ferdinand Marcos|Ferdinand E. Marcos]],<ref name="Benedicto2021">{{Cite journal |last=Benedicto |first=Bobby |date=August 2021 |title=The place of the dead, the time of dictatorship: Nostalgia, sovereignty, and the corpse of Ferdinand Marcos |journal=Environment and Planning D: Society and Space |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=722–739 |doi=10.1177/02637758211013038 |issn=0263-7758 |pmc=8369899 |pmid=34421166|bibcode=2021EnPlD..39..722B }}</ref> Philippine Revolutionary War general [[Artemio Ricarte]] and [[Iglesia Filipina Independiente]] co-founder [[Gregorio Aglipay]].<ref name="MuseoIlocosNorteBATAC">{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2008 |title=Batac City |url=http://museoilocosnorte.com/ilocos-norte/towns/batac-city/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929225024/http://museoilocosnorte.com/ilocos-norte/towns/batac-city/ |archive-date=September 29, 2020 |access-date=November 12, 2021 |website=Museo Ilocos Norte |language=en-US}}</ref> 

Three [[Wind power in the Philippines|wind farms]] are located in Ilocos Norte.  They are located in [[Burgos, Ilocos Norte|Burgos]], [[Pagudpud]], and [[Bangui, Ilocos Norte|Bangui]]; with the latter being the first wind power generation plant in the Philippines.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neil |date=October 20, 2021 |title=AC Energy to take control of three Ilocos wind farms |language=en-US |work=[[BusinessWorld]] |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/ac-energy-to-take-control-of-three-ilocos-wind-farms/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020210831/https://www.bworldonline.com/ac-energy-to-take-control-of-three-ilocos-wind-farms/ |archive-date=October 20, 2021}}</ref>

{{TOC limit|3}}

==History==
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{Expand section|date=May 2009}}
{{unreferenced section|date=February 2017}}
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=== Early history ===
Long before the arrival of the Spaniards, there existed an extensive region consisting of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra and La Union. Merchants from Japan and China often visited the area to trade gold for beads, ceramics, and silk. The [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] inhabitants of the region called their place ''samtoy'', from ''sao mi toy'', which literally meant "our language".{{citation needed|date=March 2024}}

=== Spanish colonial era ===
In 1571, the Spanish conquistadors had Manila under their control and they began looking for new sites to conquer. [[Miguel Lopez de Legazpi]]'s grandson [[Juan de Salcedo]] volunteered to lead one of these expeditions. Together with 8 armed boats and 45 men, the 22-year-old voyager headed north.  On June 13, 1572, Salcedo and his men landed in present-day [[Vigan]] then proceeded to [[Laoag]], [[Currimao]], and [[Badoc]]. As they sailed along the coast, they were surprised to see numerous sheltered coves (''looc'') where the locals lived in harmony. They named the region ''Ylocos'' and its people ''Ylocanos''.

As the Christianization of the region grew, so did the landscape of the area. Vast tracts of land were utilized for churches and bell towers in line with the Spanish mission of ''bajo las campanas''.{{Citation needed|date=June 2023|reason=This term exists in many places, but what it means is not defined in source.}} It was not uncommon to see garrisons around the [[town plaza]] and under the church bells.  Indigenous peoples living in the Ilocos Region, such as the Yapayao and Isneg, were slowly pushed into living in the sparsely populated but resource-rich mountains, which would expose them to conflicts with developers in later eras, such as during [[Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos]].<ref name="Pawilen2021SolidNorthMyth">{{Cite web |last=Pawilen |first=Reidan M. |date=May 2021 |title=The Solid North myth: an Investigation on the status of dissent and human rights during the Marcos Regime in Regions 1 and 2, 1969-1986 |url=https://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=journal-articles |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113132016/https://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1065&context=journal-articles |archive-date=November 13, 2021 |access-date=May 22, 2022 |website=University of the Philippines Los Baños University Knowledge Digital Repository}}</ref>{{rp|page=47}}

Spanish colonization of the region was not completely successful. Owing to the abusive practices of many [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] [[friar]]s, a number of Ilocanos revolted. Noteworthy of these were the Dingras Uprising (1589) and the Pedro Almasan Revolt (San Nicolas, 1660). In 1762, [[Diego Silang]] led a series of battles aimed at freeing the Ilocano. When he died from friendly fire, his widow [[Gabriela Silang|Gabriela]] continued his cause. Later on, she, too, was captured and executed.

In 1807 the sugar cane (''basi'') brewers of [[Piddig]] rose up in arms to protest the government's [[monopoly]] of the wine industry. In 1898, the church excommunicated [[Gregorio Aglipay]] for refusing to cut ties with the revolutionary forces of Gen. [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]. Unperturbed, Aglipay nevertheless established the ''[[Iglesia Filipina Independiente]]''.

In an effort to gain political control and because of the increasing population of the region, a Royal Decree splitting Ilocos into two provinces - Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Sur - was signed on February 2, 1818. Soon thereafter, [[La Union]] and [[Abra (province)|Abra]] became independent provinces.

=== Japanese occupation ===
After the fall of Corregidor and the subsequent occupation of the Philippines by the Empire of Japan, a number of small guerrilla groups formed in the area of Ilocos Norte.<ref name="AgoncilloFateful"/> While some resorted to banditry, Governor Roque Ablan Sr. and Philippine Army Lt. Feliciano Madamba were able to put together a guerrilla unit to engage the Japanese forces and to rally the other guerrilla groups into a common force.  The leaders were assigned specific sectors using a system for distributing news and orders.<ref name="AgoncilloFateful">{{Cite book |last=Agoncillo |first=Teodoro A. |title=The fateful years: Japan's adventure in the Philippines, 1941-45 |date=2001 |publisher=University of the Philippines Press |isbn=971-542-274-8 |location=Quezon City |pages=611–612 |oclc=48220661}}</ref><ref name="MortonFall">{{Cite book |last=Morton |first=Louis |title=The fall of the Philippines |date=2004 |publisher=University Press of the Pacific |isbn=1-4102-1696-9 |location=Honolulu, Hawaii |oclc=66529013}}</ref>

=== Philippine independence ===
{{see also|Tobacco production in the Philippines |Stonehill scandal}}
The decade after the recognition of Philippine independence marked a return of the [[tobacco production in the Philippines|tobacco industry]] to Ilocos Norte. Ever since the end of the tobacco monopoly, tobacco production had declined in the Ilocos as Filipinos started shifting from locally made cigars to foreign made cigarettes.<ref name="StarTabacalera">{{Cite news |last=Sison |first=Norman |title=Tabacalera: 130 years of cigars and Philippine history |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/business-as-usual/2011/12/05/754678/tabacalera-130-years-cigars-and-philippine-history |access-date=2024-03-26 |work=The [[Philippine Star]]}}</ref> But after reading a feature article series by [[Maximo Soliven]] which explained why Virginia tobacco would grow well on Ilocos soil,  businessman [[Harry Stonehill]] was convinced to invest extensively in rebuilding the industry, establishing the Philippine Tobacco Flue-Curing and Redrying Corporation (PTFCRC) in 1951 and recruiting farmers from throughout Region 1 to produce tobacco.<ref name="NTA"/><ref name="StonehillGhost">{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2014/05/26/1327283/ghost-past-stonehill-scandal | title=A ghost from the past – the Stonehill scandal | website=[[The Philippine STAR]] }}</ref> The following year, La Union Congressman Manuel T. Cases filed a bill to "limit the importation of foreign leaf tobacco," which was eventually signed by President [[Elpidio Quirino]] as Republic Act 698.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1951 |title=The American Chamber of Commerce Journal, June 1951 |url=https://repository.mainlib.upd.edu.ph/omekas/s/rare-periodicals/media/86281 |url-status=live |journal=The American Chamber of Commerce Journal  |volume=XXVII |issue=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330124126/https://repository.mainlib.upd.edu.ph/omekas/s/rare-periodicals/media/86281 |archive-date=2024-03-30}}</ref> This allowed Stonehill's investments to make a handsome profit,<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch2"/> and the newly-rebuilt local industry to bloom.<ref name="NTA">{{Cite web |last=Department of Agriculture |first=National Tobacco Administration |title=Tobacco History |url=https://www.nta.da.gov.ph/tobacco/ |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=National Tobacco Administration |language=en-US}}</ref> Stonehill was later deported a decade later, in the 1960s, for tax evasion and bribery of government officials, in what would later be called the [[Stonehill scandal]],<ref name="Kasaysayan9ch2">{{Cite book |title=Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. |publisher=Asia Publishing Company Limited |year=1998 |editor-last=Magno |editor-first=Alexander R. |location=Hong Kong |chapter=A Web of Corruption}}</ref> but the tobacco industry continued to grow.<ref name="StonehillGhost"/><ref name="Kasaysayan9ch2"/>

=== During the Marcos dictatorship ===
{{main|Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos}}
{{see also|Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship|Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family}}
Ilocos Norte gained additional prominence in December 1965 when [[Ferdinand Marcos]] became president, and again when he won a second term in 1969, boosted by debt-driven infrastructure spending that created [[1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis|economic crises]] and massive [[First Quarter Storm|social unrest]] at the beginning of the 1970s.<ref name="Balbosas1992">{{Cite journal |last=Balbosa |first=Joven Zamoras |date=1992 |title=IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines |journal=Journal of Philippine Development |volume=XIX |issue=35}}</ref><ref name="Cororaton1997">{{Cite journal |last=Cororaton |first=Cesar B. |title=Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines |journal=DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05 |pages=3, 19}}</ref> Facing the end of his constitutionally allowed presidential terms, he declared martial law in 1972<ref name="politicalEconomyOfAuthoritarianism">{{cite book|last=Celoza|first=Albert F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sp3U1oCNKlgC&pg=PA57|title=Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism|date=1997|publisher=[[Praeger Publishers]]|isbn=9780275941376}}</ref> and became [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|dictator]] under a system of [[constitutional authoritarianism]] for fourteen more years.<ref name="NaveraMetaphorizingMartialLaw">{{Cite journal |last=Navera |first=G.S. |year=2019 |title=Metaphorizing Martial Law: Constitutional Authoritarianism in Marcos's Rhetoric (1972–1985) |journal=Philippine Studies |volume=66 |issue=4|doi=10.13185/2244-1638.4362 }}</ref> His [[Marcos family|family]] and [[Marcos cronies|cronies]] were accused of [[Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family|stealing an estimated US$5 billion to US$10 billion]] during the 1980s,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Philippine political economy |last=Romero | first=Jose V. Jr. |date=2008 |publisher=Central Book Supply |isbn=9789716918892 |location=Quezon City, Philippines |oclc=302100329 |author-link=Jose V. Romero Jr.}}</ref><ref name="economistHailToTheThief2">{{cite news|date=November 12, 2016|title=Hail to the thief|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21710015-philippine-government-offers-heros-burial-murderous-kleptocrat-hail-thief}}</ref> when the Philippine economy sharply declined<ref name="EJGuido&CheDeLosReyes20170921">{{Citation | last1 = Guido | first1 =Edson Joseph | last2 = de los Reyes | first2 = Che | title = The best of times? Data debunk Marcos's economic 'golden years'  | newspaper =ABSCBN News and Public Affairs | year = 2017 | url = https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/09/21/17/the-best-of-times-data-debunk-marcoss-economic-golden-years }}</ref> until Marcos was deposed by the civilian-led [[People Power Revolution]] of February 1986.<ref name="GazetteHistoryProtest">{{Cite web |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ |title=A History of the Philippine Political Protest |website=Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines|language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705180022/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/edsa/the-ph-protest-appendix/ |archive-date=July 5, 2017 |url-status=dead |access-date=December 10, 2018}}</ref><ref name ="Kasaysayan9ch10">{{Cite book |title=Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. |publisher=Asia Publishing Company Limited |year=1998 |editor-last=Magno |editor-first=Alexander R. |location=Hong Kong |chapter=Democracy at the Crossroads}}</ref>

Various [[Human rights violations of the Marcos dictatorship|human rights violations]] were documented in the Ilocos Norte region during the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos martial law era]], despite [[Solid North|public perception that the region was supportive]] of Marcos' administration.<ref name="Pawilen2021SolidNorthMyth"/><ref name ="ilocosnorteHR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bulatlat.com/2012/10/02/ilocanos-remember-dark-days-of-martial-law-vow-to-continue-fight/|title = Ilocanos remember dark days of martial law, vow to continue fight|date = October 2, 2012}}</ref> Various farmers from the towns of Vintar, Dumalneg, Solsona, Marcos, and Piddig were documented to have been tortured,<ref name="Pawilen2021SolidNorthMyth"/>{{rp|pages=47–48}}<ref name ="ilocosnorteHR"/> and eight farmers in Bangui and three indigenous community members in Vintar were "[[Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines|salvaged]]" in 1984.<ref name ="ilocosnorteHR"/>

There were also various protests against the Marcos administration at the time, with Aurora Park in the Laoag Plaza being one of the favored places to stage protests.<ref name="Jun Guiang">{{Cite news |last=Guiang |first=Jun |date=November 12, 2021 |title=Youth activism in Ilocos Norte in the 70s - Ilocos Sentinel |work=The Ilocos Sentinel |url=https://www.ilocossentinel.com/home/youth-activism-in-ilocos-norte-in-the-70s.html |url-status=usurped |access-date=November 12, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112084148/https://www.ilocossentinel.com/home/youth-activism-in-ilocos-norte-in-the-70s.html |archive-date=November 12, 2021}}</ref> One of the prominent victims of the Martial Law era who came from Laoag was Catholic layperson and social worker [[Purificacion Pedro]], who volunteered in organizations protesting the [[Chico River Dam Project]] in the nearby Cordillera Central mountains.<ref name="BantayogProfilePEDRO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bantayog.org/pedro-purificacion-a/|title=MARTYRS & HEROES: PEDRO, Purificacion A.|date=July 13, 2016}}</ref> Wounded while visiting activist friends in Bataan, she was later killed by Marcos administration soldiers while recuperating in the hospital.<ref name="Bulatlat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bulatlat.com/news/3-45/3-45-martyrs.html |title=Human Rights Martyrs of the Word |last=Remollino |first=Alexander Martin |date=December 14–20, 2003 |website=www.bulatlat.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040312211338/http://bulatlat.com/news/3-45/3-45-martyrs.html |archive-date=March 12, 2004}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=No Way to Go But Onwards! Philippine Religious Resist Marcos Repression |url=http://religion.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/servlet/outpdf?id=A00764320009 |format=PDF |journal=Christian Conference of Asia: CCA News |publisher=Christian Conference of Asia |date=March 1983 |volume=18 |issue=3 |page=4}}</ref> Another prominent opponent of the martial law regime was human rights advocate and Bombo Radyo Laoag program host [[David Bueno]], who worked with the [[Free Legal Assistance Group]] in Ilocos Norte during the later part of the Marcos administration and the early part of the succeeding Aquino administration. He would later be assassinated by motorcycle-riding men in fatigue uniforms on October 22, 1987 – part of a wave of assassinations that coincided with the [[1986–90 Philippine coup attempts|1986–87 coup d'état]] that tried to unseat the democratic government set up after the [[1986 People Power Revolution]].<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Routledge|title=The Politics of NGOs in Southeast Asia|year=2006|first=Gerard|last=Clarke}}</ref> Both Bueno and Pedro were later honored among the first 65 people to have their names inscribed on the Wall of Remembrance of the Philippines' [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]], which honors the martyrs and heroes who fought the dictatorship,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bantayog.org/a-tribute-to-human-rights-lawyer-david-bueno-1988/|title=A Tribute to Human Rights Lawyer David Bueno (1988)|date=August 19, 2015|access-date=November 2, 2021|archive-date=May 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523180742/https://www.bantayog.org/a-tribute-to-human-rights-lawyer-david-bueno-1988/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Pedro was listed among Filipino Catholics nominated to be named [[Servant of God#Catholic Church|Servant of God]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://newsaints.faithweb.com/new_martyrs/Philippines1.htm |title=Philippines |website=newsaints.faithweb.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009161948/http://newsaints.faithweb.com/new_martyrs/Philippines1.htm |archive-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref>

=== Contemporary ===
The municipality of [[Batac]] became a component city by virtue of ''Republic Act No. 9407'' which sought to convert the municipality into a city. The law was ratified on June 23, 2007. However, the cityhood status was lost twice in the years 2008 and 2010 after the [[League of Cities of the Philippines|LCP]] questioned the validity of the cityhood law. The cityhood status was reaffirmed after the [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|court]] finalized its ruling on February 15, 2011 which declared the cityhood law constitutional.

Ilocos Norte was among the provinces affected by the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines]], reporting its first three cases of COVID-19 on March 31, 2020, including a male patient each from Batac and Paoay, and former senator [[Bongbong Marcos]], who had arrived from travel to Spain.<ref name="IloNor1stCases">{{Cite news |title=Ilocos Norte lists first coronavirus cases |language=en |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/ilocos-norte-coronavirus-cases-march-31-2020 |url-status=live |access-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125091351/https://www.rappler.com/nation/ilocos-norte-coronavirus-cases-march-31-2020 |archive-date=November 25, 2020}}</ref><ref name="DespiteDenials">{{Cite news |title=Despite earlier denials, former Sen. Bongbong Marcos tests positive for COVID-19 |language=en-PH |work=Yahoo! News Philippines |url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/despite-earlier-denials-former-sen-030112258.html |url-status=live |access-date=October 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401064127/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/despite-earlier-denials-former-sen-030112258.html |archive-date=April 1, 2020}}</ref> Ilocos Norte experienced surges in cases in 2021,<ref name="INSurgeAugust">{{Cite news |last=Mugas |first=John Michael |date=August 19, 2021 |title=Ilocos Norte bans returning residents anew amid virus surge |language=en |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1476049/ilocos-norte-bans-returning-residents-anew-amid-virus-surge |access-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref> with the spike reported in August 2021 being attributed to the Delta variant of the virus.<ref name="AugustSurgeIsDELTAptv4">{{Cite news|last=Paciente|first=Kenneth|date=September 3, 2021|title=Ilocos Norte confirms increase in cases caused by Delta variant|work=PTV|url=https://www.ptvnews.ph/ilocos-norte-confirms-increase-in-cases-caused-by-delta-variant/|access-date=October 19, 2021}}</ref>

==Geography==
Ilocos Norte covers a total area of {{convert|3,467.89|km2}}{{PSGC detail|nscb}} occupying the northern tip of the [[Ilocos Region]] in [[Luzon]]. The province is bordered by [[Cagayan]] to the extreme northeast, [[Apayao]] to the east, and [[Abra (province)|Abra]] to the southeast, [[Ilocos Sur]] to the southwest, the [[West Philippine Sea]] to the west, and the [[Luzon Strait]] to the north.

=== Administrative divisions ===
[[File:Ph fil ilocos norte.png|thumb|right|280px|upright=0.90|Administrative divisions of Ilocos Norte]]

Ilocos Norte comprises 21 [[Philippine municipality|municipalities]] and 2 [[Cities of the Philippines#City classification|component cities]], further subdivided into 559 [[List of barangays in Ilocos Norte|barangays]]. There are two [[Legislative districts of Ilocos Norte|legislative districts]] in the province. Updated classification of municipalities in Ilocos Norte. [https://psa.gov.ph/classification/psgc/?q=psgc/citimuni/012800000 Updated Income Class of Ilocos Norte Municipalities]
{{col-begin|width=auto}}
{{col-break}}
{{unbulleted list
| {{Color box|#CCFFCC|†|border=darkgray}} {{font|Provincial capital and component city|size=90%}}
| {{Color box|#FFE6F3|∗|border=darkgray}} {{font|Component city|size=90%}}
| {{Color box|#FDFDFD|border=darkgray}} {{font|Municipality|size=90%}}
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;table-layout:fixed;text-align:right;background-color:#FDFDFD;font-size:90%;border-collapse:collapse;"
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | City {{small|or}} municipality
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | [[Legislative districts of Ilocos Norte|District]]{{PSGC detail|nscb}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=3 | Population
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | {{PSGC rubric}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Area{{PSGC detail|nscb}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" colspan=2 | Density
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | {{abbr|Barangay|Total number of barangays}}
! scope="col" style="border-bottom:none;" class="unsortable" | [[Coordinates]]{{ref label|Coord|A|none}}
|-
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" colspan=2 |
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;" colspan=2 | {{small|(2020)}}{{PH census|2020|01}}
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" | {{small|(2015)}}{{PH census|2015|01}}
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;" | km<sup>2</sup>
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" class="unsortable" | {{nowrap|sq mi}}
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden hidden solid solid;" | /km<sup>2</sup>
! scope="col" style="border-style:hidden solid solid hidden;" class="unsortable" | {{nowrap|/sq mi}}
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
! scope="col" style="border-top:none;" |
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Adams, Ilocos Norte|Adams]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|2,189|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 1,792
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|2,189|2015.3315|1,792}}
| {{convert|159.31|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|2,189/159.31|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.4613|N|120.9035|E|name=Adams|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Bacarra]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|33,496|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 32,215
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|33,496|2015.3315|32,215}}
| {{convert|65.32|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|33,496/65.32|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 43
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.2528|N|120.6118|E|name=Bacarra|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Badoc]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|32,530|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 31,616
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|32,530|2015.3315|31,616}}
| {{convert|76.68|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|32,530/76.68|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 31
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|17.9267|N|120.4740|E|name=Badoc|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Bangui, Ilocos Norte|Bangui]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|15,019|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 14,672
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|15,019|2015.3315|14,672}}
| {{convert|112.98|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|15,019/112.98|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 14
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.5367|N|120.7657|E|name=Bangui|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Banna, Ilocos Norte|Banna]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|19,297|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 19,438
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|19,297|2015.3315|19,438}}
| {{convert|92.73|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|19,297/92.73|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 20
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|17.9799|N|120.6549|E|name=Banna|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-style="background-color:#FFE6F3;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#FFE6F3;border-right:0;" | [[Batac]]
| style="text-align:right;border-left:0;" | ∗
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|55,484|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 55,201
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|55,484|2015.3315|55,201}}
| {{convert|161.06|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|55,484/161.06|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 43
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.0566|N|120.5639|E|name=Batac|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Burgos, Ilocos Norte|Burgos]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|10,759|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 9,777
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|10,759|2015.3315|9,777}}
| {{convert|128.90|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|10,759/128.90|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.5110|N|120.6436|E|name=Burgos|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Carasi]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|1,607|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 1,567
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|1,607|2015.3315|1,567}}
| {{convert|82.97|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|1,607/82.97|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.1407|N|120.8215|E|name=Carasi|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Currimao]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|12,215|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 12,184
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|12,215|2015.3315|12,184}}
| {{convert|34.08|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|12,215/34.08|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 23
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.0194|N|120.4868|E|name=Currimao|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Dingras]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|40,127|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 38,562
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|40,127|2015.3315|38,562}}
| {{convert|96.00|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|40,127/96.00|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 31
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.1024|N|120.7014|E|name=Dingras|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Dumalneg]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|3,087|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 2,947
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|3,087|2015.3315|2,947}}
| {{convert|88.48|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|3,087/88.48|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.5220|N|120.8096|E|name=Dumalneg|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-style="background-color:#CCFFCC;"
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:#CCFFCC;border-right:0;" | [[Laoag|Laoag City]]
| style="text-align:right;border-left:0;" | †
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|111,651|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 111,125
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|111,651|2015.3315|111,125}}
| {{convert|116.08|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|111,651/116.08|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 80
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.1973|N|120.5935|E|name=Laoag|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Marcos, Ilocos Norte|Marcos]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|18,010|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 17,777
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|18,010|2015.3315|17,777}}
| {{convert|72.77|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|18,010/72.77|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 13
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.0439|N|120.6771|E|name=Marcos|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte|Nueva Era]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|11,968|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 9,506
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|11,968|2015.3315|9,506}}
| {{convert|515.02|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|11,968/515.02|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 11
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|17.9153|N|120.6660|E|name=Nueva Era|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Pagudpud]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|25,098|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 23,770
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|25,098|2015.3315|23,770}}
| {{convert|194.90|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|25,098/194.90|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 16
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.5601|N|120.7887|E|name=Pagudpud|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Paoay]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|25,001|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 24,866
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|25,001|2015.3315|24,866}}
| {{convert|76.24|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|25,001/76.24|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 31
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.0617|N|120.5195|E|name=Paoay|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Pasuquin]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|29,678|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 28,980
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|29,678|2015.3315|28,980}}
| {{convert|210.54|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|29,678/210.54|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 33
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.3339|N|120.6194|E|name=Pasuquin|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Piddig]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|22,475|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 21,497
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|22,475|2015.3315|21,497}}
| {{convert|216.20|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|22,475/216.20|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 23
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.1635|N|120.7165|E|name=Piddig|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Pinili]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|17,626|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 17,300
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|17,626|2015.3315|17,300}}
| {{convert|89.48|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|17,626/89.48|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 25
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|17.9519|N|120.5257|E|name=Pinili|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte|San Nicolas]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|38,895|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 36,736
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|38,895|2015.3315|36,736}}
| {{convert|40.18|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|38,895/40.18|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 24
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.1749|N|120.5943|E|name=San Nicolas|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Sarrat]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|25,186|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 25,212
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|25,186|2015.3315|25,212}}
| {{convert|57.39|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|25,186/57.39|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 24
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.1568|N|120.6467|E|name=Sarrat|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Solsona, Ilocos Norte|Solsona]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| {{percent and number|24,851|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 24,121
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|24,851|2015.3315|24,121}}
| {{convert|166.23|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|24,851/166.23|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 22
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.0953|N|120.7732|E|name=Solsona|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left;background-color:initial;" colspan=2 | [[Vintar]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| {{percent and number|33,339|609,588|disp=table|1|pad=yes}}
| 32,220
| {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|33,339|2015.3315|32,220}}
| {{convert|614.35|km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| {{convert|{{sigfig|33,339/614.35|2}}|PD/km2|abbr=values|disp=table}}
| style="text-align:center;" | 33
| style="text-align:center;" | {{coord|18.2298|N|120.6491|E|name=Vintar|region:PH-ILN_type:city|format=dms}}
|-class="sortbottom"
! scope="row" colspan=4 style="text-align:left;" | Total
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 609,588
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 593,081
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{PAGR|color=true|2020.5835|609,588|2015.3315|593,081}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | 3,467.89
! scope="col" | {{convert|3,467.89|km2|disp=number|2}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{sigfig|609,588/3,467.89|2}}
! scope="col" style="text-align:right;" | {{convert|{{sigfig|593081/3,467.89|2}}|PD/km2|disp=number}}
! scope="col" | 559
! scope="col" style="font-style:italic;" | {{small|(see [[#External links|GeoGroup box]])}}
|-class="sortbottom" style="background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:double grey;line-height:1.3em;"
| colspan="13" |
{{Ordered list
| list_style_type=upper-alpha
| {{note label|Coord|B|none}}Coordinates mark the [[town center|city/town center]], and are sortable by [[latitude]].
}}
|}
{{col-end}}

===Barangays===
Ilocos Norte has 559 [[barangay]]s comprising its 21 municipalities and 2 cities.{{PH census|2010|01}}

The most populous barangay in the province is Barangay No. 1, San Lorenzo ''(Poblacion)'' in the [[Laoag City|City of Laoag]] with a population of 4,391 in the 2010 census. If cities are excluded, Davila in the municipality of [[Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte|Pasuquin]] has the highest population, at 3,900. The least populous is Sapat in the municipality of [[Pasuquin, Ilocos Norte|Pasuquin]], with only 32.{{PH census|2010|01}}

{{Further|List of barangays in Ilocos Norte}}

==Demographics==
{{Philippine Census
| align= left
| title= Population census of {{PH wikidata|name}}
| 1903 = {{PH census population|1903}}
| 1918 = {{PH census population|1918}}
| 1939 = {{PH census population|1939}}
| 1948 = {{PH census population|1948}}
| 1960 = {{PH census population|1960}}
| 1970 = {{PH census population|1970}}
| 1975 = {{PH census population|1975}}
| 1980 = {{PH census population|1980}}
| 1990 = {{PH census population|1990}}
| 1995 = {{PH census population|1995}}
| 2000 = {{PH census population|2000}}
| 2007 = {{PH census population|2007}}
| 2010 = {{PH census population|2010}}
| 2015 = {{PH census population|2015}}
| 2020 = {{PH census population|2020}}
| 2025 = 
| 2030 = 
| footnote = Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015|01}}{{PH census|2010|01}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Philippines Census Of Population of all LGUs 1903-2007 |url=https://archive.org/download/PhilippinesCensusofPopulationLGUs19032007 |website=Archive.org |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |access-date=February 7, 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

The population of Ilocos Norte in the 2020 census was 609,588 people,{{PH census|current|01}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|609,588/3,467.89|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}.

===Religion===
[[File:Paoay Church In Ilocos Norte.JPG|thumb|right|Paoay Church]]
[[Roman Catholicism in the Philippines|Roman Catholicism]] and the [[Aglipayan Church]] are the two major religions in the province.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}}

Among the major [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic churches]] in Ilocos Norte include:
* [[Paoay Church]] — named a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]] in 1993.
* [[Laoag Cathedral|St. William's Cathedral]] in [[Laoag City|Laoag]] — known for its Sinking Bell Tower
* [[Santa Monica Church (Sarrat)|Santa Monica Church]] in [[Sarrat, Ilocos Norte|Sarrat]] — documented to be the biggest church in the [[Ilocos Region]].
* [[Bacarra Church]] — destroyed during an intensity VII (on the Rossi-Forel scale) [[1983 Luzon earthquake|earthquake on August 17, 1983]],<ref name=phivolcs>{{cite web |url=http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1983LaoagEQ/index-laoag.html |title=Laoag Earthquake - 17 August 1983 |publisher=Phivolcs |year=1983 |access-date=January 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815100819/http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1983LaoagEQ/index-laoag.html |archive-date=August 15, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> reconstructed and re-inaugurated in 1984.

Ilocos Norte is the home of two Aglipay Shrines ([[Aglipayan Church]]) in which one of it is where the church's first supreme leader, [[Gregorio Aglipay]], was buried ([[Gregorio Aglipay National Shrine]]). There are also increasing numbers of Jehovah's Witnesses. There are also minor but steadily increasing members of [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] (INC). It has 2 Ecclesiastical Districts (Batac and Laoag). Each district includes 60 plus locales with barangay chapels. INC has 5-6% adherents. [[Islam]] is also practiced by Mindanaoan traders and immigrants.

===Languages===
{{main|Ilocano language}}
[[Ilocano language|Ilocano]] is the main language of the native majority in the province, with [[La Union]] recognized it as an official language since 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elias |first=Jun |title=Iloko La Union's official language |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2012/09/19/850488/iloko-la-unions-official-language |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> It became widespread in neighboring regions of [[Cagayan Valley|Cagayan Valley (Region II)]], [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] and major parts of [[Central Luzon|Central Luzon (Region III)]]—where Ilocanos settled—as a lingua franca among respective Ilocano and non-Ilocano residents. Ilocano is also recognized as a minority language in [[Mindoro]], [[Palawan]] and [[Mindanao]] (particularly in some areas in [[Soccsksargen]]), where Ilocanos had have been significant residents since the early 20th century. It is a third most widely spoken language in the Philippines, estimating 11 million speakers as of 2022. The language has many speakers overseas, including the American states of [[California]] and [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webster |date=2022-04-30 |title=Language of the Month April 2022: Ilocano |url=https://languagemuseum.org/language-of-the-month-april-2022-ilocano/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=The National Museum of Language |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Tagalog language|Filipino/Tagalog]] and English are also spoken and understood in the region, utilized in business, education and media.

Aside from Ilocano, Filipino (the national language) and English, there are other two indigenous languages in Ilocos Norte. There are the [[Isnag language]] of the east and the [[itneg languages|Itneg]] in Nueva Era.

==Economy==
{{stack|float=left|{{PH poverty incidence}}}}
[[File:Bornayjars.jpg|thumb|''[[Bagoong]]'' fermenting in ''burnay'' jars]]
{{missing information|section|economic indicators (e.g. per capita income, unemployment, etc|date=October 2021}}

=== Products and industries ===
The province specializes in the following products and industries:

* [[Agriculture]] — rice, corn, garlic, legumes, root crops, tobacco, and other fruits and vegetables
* [[Fishery]] — [[tilapia]] and assorted fishes
* [[Livestock]] — swine and cattle
* [[Cottage industries]] — [[loom]] [[weaving]], furniture, ceramics, iron works
* [[Manufacturing]] and [[food processing]] — salt, empanada, [[bagoong]], patis, basi (native Ilocano wine), vinegar, longganisa, chicharon, bagnet, chichacorn (cornick), jewelry, garments, cereal processing, packaging, mechanized processing equipment
* [[Wind Power]] — Ilocos Norte's position on the northwest corner of Luzon makes it ideal for wind power generation. There is currently a 25 [[Megawatt]] wind farm in Ilocos Norte, and several more wind energy projects are being planned
* [[Tourism]]
* [[Pottery]]

=== Bangui Wind Farm ===
In 2005, NorthWind Power Development Corp. began commercial operation of the [[Bangui Wind Farm]] in the Municipality of Bangui, having initiated and developed the project in response to a 1996 study by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) which identified Bangui as one of the viable sites for wind energy sites in the Philippines.<ref name="Windmills">{{cite news |title=Giant windmills energize Ilocos Norte |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2005/10/13/301541/giant-windmills-energize-ilocos-norte |work=Philstar.com |date=October 13, 2005}}</ref> Connected to the Luzon [[electrical grid|Grid]], the project was
the first wind farm in Southeast Asia,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?13509/First-wind-farm-for-Southeast-Asia |title=First wind farm for Southeast Asia &#124; WWF |website=wwf.panda.org |access-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005113936/https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?13509/First-wind-farm-for-Southeast-Asia |archive-date=October 5, 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> supplying 40% of Ilocos Norte's electricity needs,<ref name="wind">{{Cite news |last=Cabie |first=Honor |date=November 2, 2016 |title=Ilocos Norte's Windmills: Tourism and Energy Giants |language=en |work=Manilastandard.net |url=https://manilastandard.net/mobile/article/220369 |access-date=March 8, 2020}}</ref> and becoming a major tourist site for Bangui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AC Energy Corporation - NorthWind |url=https://www.acenergy.com.ph/project/north-wind-power/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009061821/https://www.acenergy.com.ph/project/north-wind-power/ |archive-date=October 9, 2021 |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=AC Energy Corporation |language=en-US}}</ref> [[AC Energy]], the listed energy platform of the [[Ayala Corporation|Ayala Group]], acquired the controlling shares of Northwind and of the Bangui Wind Farm in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 5, 2017 |title=AC Energy Takes Control of Northwind |url=https://www.acenergy.com.ph/2017/02/ac-energy-takes-control-of-northwind/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019071910/https://www.acenergy.com.ph/2017/02/ac-energy-takes-control-of-northwind/ |archive-date=October 19, 2021 |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=AC Energy Corporation |language=en-US}}</ref>
{{clear left}}

== Culture and the arts ==
=== Prominent artists ===
[[File:Tampuhan by Juan Luna.jpg|thumb|''[[Tampuhan (painting)|Tampuhan]]'' by Juan Luna]]
Ilocos Norte has given birth to numerous artists that have received national acclaim - perhaps the most notable being [[Philippine Revolution]] era activist and leader [[Juan Luna]], who was born in [[Badoc]]. The province is also home to at least one [[National Artists of the Philippines]] - National Artist for Theater [[Severino Montano]] who was conferred the honor in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about_cultarts/cultprofile/natarts/theater/montano.php |title=About Culture and Arts |website=www.ncca.gov.ph |access-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928051754/http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about_cultarts/cultprofile/natarts/theater/montano.php |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Another influential artist was [[Ricarte Puruganan]], one of the Philippines' influential "Thirteen Moderns," who broke away from the painting style of Conservatives, led by [[Fernando Amorsolo]], during the first half of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/278922/botong-and-puruganan-rediscovering-the-two-moderns/story/| title = Botong and Puruganan: Rediscovering the two 'Moderns' │ GMA News Online| date = October 19, 2012}}</ref>

In the folk arts, the Philippines also recognizes [[Magdalena Gamayo]] of [[Pinili]].  Ilocos Norte as one of its National Living Treasures for textile weaving, preserving the [[inabel]] weaving tradition of the Ilocos region.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/gamaba/national-living-treasures-magdalena-gamayo/ | title=GAMABA: Magdalena Gamayo | access-date=November 12, 2021 | archive-date=May 18, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518200817/https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/gamaba/national-living-treasures-magdalena-gamayo/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Damili ===
The town of [[San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte|San Nicolas]] is known for its terracotta pottery, called ''damili'' after the Ilocano language word for pottery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museoilocosnorte.com/the-museum/featured-exhibits/damili/|title = Damili|date = March 16, 2001}}</ref> San Nicolas' pottery tradition has been declared part of the Philippine National Commission for Culture and the Arts' School of Living Traditions program.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/180036/san-nicolas-town-in-ilocos-norte-banks-on-heritage-for-development/|title=San Nicolas town in Ilocos Norte banks on heritage for development|date=December 14, 2014}}</ref>

=== Inabel ===
{{main|Inabel}}
Ilocos Norte is a center of the ''[[inabel]]'' weaving tradition, whose cloths are well known for being soft but sturdy, with a wide range of pattern designs drawn from Ilocano culture and experience<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://narrastudio.com/blogs/journal/the-inabel-of-ilocos-woven-cloth-for-everyday|title = The Inabel of Ilocos: Woven Cloth for Everyday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yuchengcomuseum.org/art-loom-weaving-story-binakul/|title = Art of the Loom: Weaving the Story That is the Binakul – Yuchengco Museum| date=December 9, 2013 }}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
Filipino culinary historian [[Doreen Fernandez]] notes that bitterness as a flavor principle is a uniquely prominent in Ilocano cuisine, quoting fellow food critic Edilberto Alegre saying the bitter "Ilocos Norte mystique" is best represented in ''[[papaitan]]'', a meat variant of ''[[kilawin]]'' characterized by its bitter flavors.<ref name="DoreenFernandezTIKIM"/>{{rp|page=56}}

==Government==
{{Further|List of mayors in Ilocos Norte}}
'''Term of Office:''' June 30, 2022 - June 30, 2025
[[File:Official_handover_turnover_of_Palarong_Pambansa_Flag_(Rizal,_Metro_Manila;_2023-08-05)_E911a_10.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Cecilia Araneta-Marcos at [[Marikina Sports Center]]]]
[[File:Ilocos Norte Capitol front sunrise (JP Rizal, Laoag, Ilocos Norte; 11-16-2022).jpg|thumb|right|Ilocos Norte Capitol, the seat of the provincial government]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope=row| Governor
| [[Matthew Manotoc]]
|-
! scope=row | Vice Governor
| Cecilia Araneta-Marcos
|-
! scope=row | Representatives
|{{colbegin}}
* [[Sandro Marcos]] ([[Legislative districts of Ilocos Norte|1st District]])
* Eugenio Angelo M. Barba ([[Legislative districts of Ilocos Norte|2nd District]])
{{colend}}
|-
! scope=row | Provincial Board Members
|{{colbegin}}

'''1st District:'''

* Rodolfo Christian G. Fariñas
* Saul A. Lazo
* Franklin Dante A. Respicio
* Donald G. Nicolas
* Portia Pamela R. Salenda

'''2nd District:'''

* Rafael Salvador C. Medina
* Medeldorf M. Gaoat
* Aladine T. Santos
* Giancarlo Angelo S. Crisostomo
* Jonathan O. Torralba
{{colend}}
|-
! PCL President
| Handy T. Lao
|-
! ABC President
| Elmer C. Faylogna
|-
! SK Federated President
| Ma. Prila Razelle G. Saymo
|}

==Tourism==
[[File:Kapurpurawan Rock Formation.jpg|thumb|Kapurpurawan Rock Formation in [[Burgos, Ilocos Norte|Burgos]]]]

Ilocos Norte is a tourist destination, being the location of Fort Ilocandia, hotel, resort and casino.  Built between 1981 and 1983 by the [[Philippine Tourism Authority]], the Spanish-Moroccan Villa was designed by Architect Jeorge Ramos.{{undue weight inline|date=November 2021}}  The golf course on Paoay Lake was built by Marcos in 1977 and was designed by [[Gary Player]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Fort Ilocandia |journal=Discover Philippines |date=2004 |issue=September–October |pages=16–17, 24}}</ref>{{undue weight inline|date=November 2021}}

Also of note are the [[La Paz Sand Dunes]], [[Malacañang of the North]], [[Cape Bojeador Lighthouse]], [[Bangui Wind Farm]], Saud Beach in [[Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte|Pagudpud]] and the [[Early Pliocene]] [[calcarenite]] Kapurpurawan [[formation (geology)|Burgos Formation]] which was sculpted by wind and waves.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Callejo |first1=Gretchen |last2=De Silva |first2=Leopoldo |last3=Fernando |first3=Allan |title=New age assignment of the Kapurpurawan Rock Formation Calcarenite in Burgos Ilocos Norte Based on Planktonic Foraminiferal Assemblage |journal=Journal of the Geological Society of the Philippines |date=2017 |pages=26–40 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322976452}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
* [[Gregorio Aglipay]] – Co-founder and the First Supreme Bishop of the [[Philippine Independent Church]]
*[[Valentín Díaz]] – Filipino revolutionary and who was among the founders of the [[Katipunan]] that started the [[Philippine Revolution]] against [[Spain]].
* [[Antonio Luna]] – Filipino Revolutionary General
* [[Mateo Noriel Luga]] – Filipino Revolutionary General
* [[Artemio Ricarte]] – Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War. Considered the "Father of the Philippine Army"
* [[Josefa Llanes Escoda]] – Feminist, civic leader, social worker, [[World War II]] heroine, and [[suffragette]].
*[[Fidel Segundo]] – [[Filipinos|Filipino]] [[brigadier general]] and [[World War II]] hero.
* [[Juan Luna]] – Filipino painter and a political [[activism|activist]] of the [[Philippine Revolution]] during the late 19th century.
* [[Puri Pedro|Purificacion Pedro]] – [[Filipino people|Filipina]] social worker and [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] layman who was killed by soldiers under the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos dictatorship]]. Her name is inscribed in the [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]].
* [[Soledad Salvador]] – [[Filipino people|Filipina]] religious worker and activist in the [[Philippines]] who fought against the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos dictatorship]]. Her name is inscribed in the [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]].
* [[David Bueno]] – Filipino human rights lawyer and radio show host during the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos dictatorship]]. His name is inscribed in the [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]].
* [[Antonio Zumel]] – Filipino journalist during the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos dictatorship]]. His name is inscribed in the [[Bantayog ng mga Bayani]].
* [[Severino Montano]] – [[National Artist of the Philippines]] for Literature
* [[Ramon Barba]] – [[National Scientist of the Philippines]] for Horticulture
* [[Magdalena Gamayo]] – ''inabel'' weaver and recipient of [[National Living Treasures Award (Philippines)|Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan]]
* [[Salvador P. Lopez]] – 10th [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]], former Chairman of the [[United Nations Commission on Human Rights]], and 12th [[President of the University of the Philippines]]
*[[Fred Ruiz Castro]] – 12th [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines]]
* [[Diosdado Peralta]] – 26th [[Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines]]
* [[Conchita Carpio-Morales]] – 5th [[Ombudsman of the Philippines]], and 151st [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines]]
* [[Rodolfo Biazon]] - Senator of the Philippines from June 30, 1992, up to June 30, 1995, and from June 30, 1998, up to June 30, 2010
* [[Aquilino Pimentel Jr.|Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel, Jr.]] - Filipino politician and human rights lawyer during the [[Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos|Marcos Dictatorship]], former mayor of [[Cagayan de Oro]] from 1980 to 1984
* [[Tomas Fonacier]] – prominent educator and historian
* [[Santiago Albano Pilar]] – writer and art historian
* [[Jose Garvida Flores]] – Ilocano poet and playwright
*[[Niña Ruiz Abad]] – Filipina Catholic [[Servant of God]]
*[[Orlando Quevedo]] – Filipino Catholic [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]], and Archbishop Emeritus [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cotabato| Archdiocese of Cotabato]]
* [[Santiago Fonacier]] – 2nd [[Supreme Bishop|Second Supreme Bishop of the Philippine Independent Church]]
* [[Roy Cimatu]] - Secretary of [[Department of Environment and Natural Resources|DENR]], 2017-2022 and Chief of Staff of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]], 2002
* [[Teófilo Yldefonso]] – first Filipino and Southeast Asian to win an Olympic medal, and the first Filipino to win multiple medals.
* [[Ysabel Ortega]] - actress
* [[Linabelle Villarica]] - Filipino politician, Mayor of [[Meycauayan|Meycauayan, Bulacan]], wife of [[Henry Villarica]]
* [[Marcos family]]:
** [[Ferdinand Marcos]] - 10th President of the Philippines
** [[Imelda Marcos]] - first lady, widow of Ferdinand Marcos
** [[Bongbong Marcos]] - 17th President of the Philippines, son of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
** [[Liza Araneta Marcos]] - wife of Bongbong Marcos
** [[Imee Marcos]] - senator, daughter of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
** [[Aimee Marcos]] - daughter of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
** [[Sandro Marcos]] - son of Bongbong and Liza Marcos
* [[Mans Carpio]] - Second Gentleman Of The [[Philippines]], lawyer, and husband of Vice-president [[Sara Duterte]]
* [[Fabian Ver|Fabian C. Ver]] - a former General and Chief of the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{GeoGroup}}
* {{Commons category-inline}}
* {{OSM relation|1504744}}
* [http://ilocosnorte.gov.ph Ilocos Norte Official Website]

{{Geographic location
| North     = ''[[South China Sea]]''
| West      = ''[[South China Sea]]''
| Center    = Ilocos Norte
| East      = [[Apayao]]
| South     = [[Ilocos Sur]], [[Abra (province)|Abra]]
| Northeast = [[Cagayan]]
}}

{{Ilocos Norte|state=expanded}}
{{Navboxes
|title = Articles related to Ilocos Norte
|list1 =
{{Ilocos Region}}
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}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ilocos Norte}}
[[Category:Ilocos Norte| ]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Provinces of the Ilocos Region]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1818]]
[[Category:1818 establishments in the Philippines]]