Editing Imola

{{For-text|the motor racing circuit|[[Imola Circuit]]|other uses|[[Imola (disambiguation)]]}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                = Imola
| official_name       = Comune di Imola
| native_name         = 
| image_skyline       = BOCV "Rocca Sforzesca di Imola".jpg
| imagesize           = 
| image_alt           = 
|image_flag=Flag_of_Imola.svg
| image_caption       = Rocca Sforzesca of Imola
| image_shield        = Coat of arms of Imola.svg
| shield_alt          = 
| image_map           = 
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt     = 
| coordinates         = {{coord|44|21|11|N|11|42|53|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| region              = [[Emilia-Romagna]]
| metropolitan_city   = [[Metropolitan City of Bologna|Bologna]] (BO)
| frazioni            = Cantalupo, Càsola Canina, Chiusura, Fabbrica, Giardino, Linaro, Montecatone, Piratello, Ponticelli, San Prospero, Sasso Morelli, Selva, Sesto Imolese, Spazzate Sassatelli, Zello 
| mayor_party         = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]
| mayor               = Marco Panieri
| area_footnotes      = 
| area_total_km2      = 204.96
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total    = 69332
| population_as_of    = 31 August 2022
| pop_density_footnotes = 
| population_demonym  = Imolesi
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m         = 47
| twin1               = 
| twin1_country       = 
|istat=037032| saint               = St. [[Cassian of Imola|Cassian]]
| day                 = August 13
| postal_code         = 40026
| area_code           = 0542
| website             = {{official website|http://www.comune.imola.bo.it/}}
| footnotes           = 
}}
[[File:Cattedrale di San Cassiano - Imola.jpg|thumb|240px|The Cathedral of Imola, the seat of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Imola|the Bishopric of Imola]]]]
'''Imola''' ({{IPA|it|ˈiːmola|lang}}; {{langx|rgn|Jômla}} or {{lang|rgn|Jemula}}) is a city and ''[[comune]]'' in the [[Metropolitan City of Bologna]], located on the river [[Santerno]], in the [[Emilia-Romagna]] region of [[northern Italy]]. The city is traditionally considered the western entrance to the historical region [[Romagna]].

The city is best-known as the home of the [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari]] which hosts the [[Formula One]] [[Emilia Romagna Grand Prix]] and formerly hosted the [[San Marino Grand Prix]], named after the independent nation of [[San Marino]] around 100 km to the south. 

== History ==
{{refimprove section|date=November 2024}}
{{stack|[[File:Leonardo da Vinci - Plan of Imola - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s very accurate map of Imola, created for [[Cesare Borgia]] during the Renaissance]]}}
Sometime around 82 [[Common Era|BCE]], the [[Roman dictator]] [[L. Cornelius Sulla]] founded the city, which was originally known eponymously in ancient times as ''Forum Cornelii'' ("Forum of Cornelius"). The city was an agricultural and trading centre, famous for its [[ceramics (art)|ceramics]].{{fact|date=November 2024}}

The name Imola was first used in the 7th century by the [[Lombards]], who applied it to the fortress (the present Castellaccio, the construction of which is attributed to the Lombard Clefi), whence the name passed to the city itself. According to [[Paul the Deacon]], Imola was in 412 the scene of the marriage of [[Ataulf]], King of the [[Visigoths]], to [[Galla Placidia]], daughter of Emperor [[Theodosius the Great]]. In the [[Gothic War (535–552)]], and after the Lombard invasion, it was held alternately by the [[Byzantine]]s and barbarians.

With the [[exarchate of Ravenna]], it passed under papal authority. In the ninth century, Fausto Alidosi defended the city against the Saracens and Hungarians. In the tenth century, Troilo Nordiglio acquired great power. This and the following centuries witnessed incessant wars against the Ravennatese, the Faentines and the Bolognese, as well as the internecine struggles of the Castrimolesi (from ''Castro Imolese'', "castle of Imola") and the ''Sancassianesi'' (from San Cassiano). Amid these conflicts, the republican constitution of the city was created. In the contest between pope and emperor, Imola was generally [[Ghibelline]], though it often returned to the popes (e.g. in 1248). Several times, powerful lords attempted to obtain the mastery of the city ([[Alidosi]], 1292; [[Maghinardo Pagano]], 1295). Pope [[Benedict XII]] turned the city and its territory over to [[Lippo II Alidosi]] with the title of pontifical vicar, the power remaining in the family [[Alidosi]] until 1424, when the condottiero [[:it:Angelo_della_Pergola|Angelo della Pergola]], "capitano" for [[Filippo Maria Visconti]], gained the supremacy (see also [[Wars in Lombardy]]). In 1426 the city was restored to the Holy See, and the [[papal legate|legate]] (later Cardinal) Capranica inaugurated a new regime in public affairs.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

Various [[condottieri]] later ruled in the city, such as the [[Visconti of Milan|Visconti]]; several landmark fortresses remain from this period. In 1434, 1438, and 1470, Imola was conferred on the [[Sforza]], who had become dukes of [[Milan]] ([[Lombardy]]). It was again brought under papal authority when it was bestowed as dowry on [[Caterina Sforza]], the bride of [[Girolamo Riario]], nephew of [[Pope Sixtus IV]]. Riario was invested with the Principality of Forlì and Imola. This proved advantageous to Imola, which was embellished with beautiful palaces and works of art (e.g. in the cathedral, the tomb of Girolamo, murdered in 1488 by conspirators of Forli). The rule of the Riarii, however, was brief, as Pope [[Alexander VI]] deprived the son of Girolamo, [[Ottaviano Riario|Ottaviano]], of power, and on 25 November 1499, the city surrendered to [[Cesare Borgia]]. After his death, two factions, that of Galeazzo Riario and that of the Church, competed for control of the city. The ecclesiastical party was victorious, and in 1504 Imola submitted to Pope [[Julius II]]. The last trace of these contests was a bitter enmity between the Vaini and Sassatelli families.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

In 1797, the revolutionary French forces established a provisional government at Imola. In 1799, it was occupied by the Austrians, and in 1800, it was united to the [[Cisalpine Republic]]. After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, The [[Congress of Vienna]] [[Romagna#Papal rule|returned Imola to the papacy]], where it would remain until joining itself to the rapidly expanding [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Kingdom of Sardinia]] in 1860 (which became the [[Kingdom of Italy]] the following year).

== Demographics ==
{{Historical populations|1861|26313|1871|29157|1881|30246|1901|33144|1911|35597|1921|37718|1931|39855|1936|41525|1951|45350|1961|51289|1971|57224|1981|60661|1991|62567|2001|64348|2011|67892|2021|69551|footnote=Source: [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|ISTAT]]|cols=2|align=none}}

== Sport ==

The main sport venue in Imola is the [[Imola Circuit]], which was opened in the 1950s and holds many racing events every year. The circuit has hosted [[Formula One]] in the [[1980 Italian Grand Prix]], from 1981 to 2006 as part of the [[San Marino Grand Prix]] and from 2020 as part of the [[Emilia Romagna Grand Prix]]. The city has dedicated multiple memorials and public spaces to [[Ayrton Senna]] and [[Roland Ratzenberger]], who lost their lives in the circuit during the [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix]]. The [[Death of Ayrton Senna|death of Senna]] was an event that shocked the sporting world and led to heightened Formula One safety standards.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

The city has hosted multiple international and national cycling events like the [[1968 UCI Road World Championships]], [[2020 UCI Road World Championships]] and 2021 [[Italian National Road Race Championships]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

The city has two professional basketball teams, [[Virtus Imola]] (founded in 1936) and [[Andrea Costa Imola]] (founded in 1967). Both of them  play in the "PalaRuggi" sports hall.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

The city's professional soccer team, [[Imolese Calcio 1919]], plays in a stadium located inside the Circuit, "Stadio Romeo Galli".{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

The city has two swimming pools and from 2020 until 2024 will host the Italian Federal [[breaststroke]] swimming training center.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Casadio |first=Giacomo |date=2019-09-19 |title=Imolanuoto centro tecnico federale. È tutto vero! |url=https://www.ilnuovodiario.com/2019/09/19/imolanuoto-centro-tecnico-federale-e-tutto-vero/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Il Nuovo Diario Messaggero |language=it-IT}}</ref>

== Main sights ==
*''Imola Circuit ''([[Imola Circuit]])
*''Rocca Sforzesca ''([[Sforza]] Castle), built under the reign of Girolamo Riario and [[Caterina Sforza]]. Now houses a Cinema d'Estate which shows films in July and August. It also is the location of the world-famous [https://web.archive.org/web/20160517094724/http://www.accademiapianistica.org/en/home International Piano Academy "Incontri col Maestro"], founded in 1989 by Franco Scala.
*''Palazzo Tozzoni'' (Tozzoni's Mansion), built between 1726 and 1738 by the architect Domenico Trifogli, civic art museum since 1981.
*''Duomo'' (cathedral), dedicated to San Cassiano. Erected from 1187 to 1271, it was repeatedly restored in the following centuries, until a large renovation was held in 1765–1781. The façade dates to 1850.
*''Convento dell'Osservanza'', including the church of ''San Michele'' from 1472, to which later a convent with two cloisters was added. It houses a sarcophagus of [[Lucrezia Landriani]] (1496), mother of [[Caterina Sforza]]. The interior has a nave and an aisles, finished in 1942; it houses a fresco attributed to Guidaccio da Imola (1472). In the apse is a Byzantine-style crucifix from the 15th century. The first cloister, dating to 1590, had originally 35 frescoes of stories of [[Francis of Assisi|St. Francis]], 15 of which went lost. In the garden annexed to the church is a precious ''Pietà'' in [[terracotta]] of late-15th century Bolognese or [[Faenza]] school.
*''Santuario della Beata Vergine del Piratello'' and ''Cimitero del Piratello''. On 27 March 1483 a pilgrim named Stefano Manganelli witnessed a miracle at Piratello in which a vision of the Madonna requested that the people of Imola build her a shrine,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thecatholictravelguide.com/destinations/italy/imola-italy-shrine-lady-piratello/ |title=Imola, Italy: The Shrine of Our Lady of Piratello |author=<!--Not stated--> |access-date=2019-06-11 }}</ref> leading to the establishment of a monastery and the [[:it:Santuario_della_Beata_Vergine_del_Piratello|Santuario della Beata Vergine]]. The monastery was dissolved during the Napoleonic suppressions of the early 1800s<ref>{{cite book |last=Barish |first=Eileen |date=1999 |title=Guide to Lodging in Italy's Monasteries |url=https://archive.org/details/lodginginitalysm00bari/page/125 |location=Scottsdale AZ |publisher=Anacapa Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/lodginginitalysm00bari/page/125 125] |isbn=978-1884465130 |url-access=registration }}</ref> The [[:commons:Category:Cimitero_del_Piratello|''Cimitero del Piratello'']] was authorized in 1817 and opened several years later, occupying the former convent cloisters adjacent to the Santuario<ref>{{cite book |last=Orsini |first=Luigi |date=1907 |title=Imola e la Valle del Santerno, Issue 30 |location=Bergamo |publisher=Istituto Italiano d'Arte Grafiche |page=65 }}</ref> (designated a Basilica by [[:it:Papa_Pio_XII|Pope Pius XII]] in 1954). The cemetery was further developed in 1916 with the addition of the Campo Monumentale.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.storiaememoriadibologna.it/santuario-della-beata-vergine-del-piratello-cimite-3552-luogo |title=Santuario della Beata Vergine del Piratello - Cimitero |author=<!--Not stated--> |access-date=2019-06-11 }}</ref>

Other buildings include the Farsetti and the Communal palaces. In the latter is a fresco representing [[Clement VII]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] (1535) passing through the city. The public library was established in 1747 by the [[Order of Friars Minor Conventual|Conventual]] priest Setti. In the 16th century, the Accademia degli Industriosi flourished.

===Green areas===
*The Acque Minerali Park, located next to Santerno river, on the hills of the city. The park was established in the early 20th century; the discovery of mineral water occurred in 1830.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bim.comune.imola.bo.it/risorse-online/proposte-di-lettura-e-visione/naturalmenteimola-2013-imola-citta-verde/il-parco-delle-acque-minerali |title=Il parco delle Acque Minerali |publisher=Comune di Imola |language=it |access-date=19 August 2024}}</ref>
*The Tozzoni Park, located on a big hilly area on the side of the city; it became a public area in 1978. The Tozzoni family bought the park in 1882 and used it as a hunting reserve, naming it "Parco del Monte" (Italian: "Park of the Mountain").{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== People ==
* [[Pope Honorius II]] (1124–1130), born Lamberto Scannabecchi{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Antonio Maria Valsalva]], anatomist who founded the anatomy and physiology of the ear{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Benvenuto Rambaldi da Imola]], a lecturer on [[Dante]] at the [[University of Bologna]] in the 14th century{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Gedaliah ibn Yahya ben Joseph]] (c. 1515 – c. 1587) (Hebrew: גדליה בן יוסף אבן יחייא), a talmudist born at Imola{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Luca Ghini]], scientist of the 16th century who founded the first botanical garden (Orto botanico) at the University of Pisa and the Bologna.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Giuseppe Scarabelli]], 19th century geologist, palaeontologist and politician{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Vincenzo dal Prato|Vincenzo Dal Prato]], [[castrato]] singer, for whom the role of ''Idamante'' was written by [[Mozart]]{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Cosimo Morelli]], the architect who designed the sacristy of St. Peter's, Rome{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Innocenzo di Pietro Francucci da Imola]], painter, a pupil of Francia and Gaspare Sacchi, distinguished painters, nicknamed after his birthplace{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* Saint [[Hippolytus of Rome]], author{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* According to tradition, [[Cassian of Imola|Saint Cassian of Imola]] was a teacher and martyr there during the reign of Emperor [[Julian the Apostate]] in the 4th century.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* Saint [[Peter Chrysologus]], who was a deacon there{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Andrea Costa]], politician, considered to be among the founders of the [[Italian Socialist Party]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* [[Fausto Gresini]], who ran a successful [[MotoGP]] team{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*[[Stefano Domenicali]], former Team Principal of [[Ferrari]] Formula One Racing Team and current CEO of the [[Formula One Group]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*[[Quinto Cenni]], painter and illustrator{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*[[Cincinnato Baruzzi]], sculptor{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
*[[Gabriele Lancieri]], racing driver{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Medals and awards ==
* On 12 June 1984, Imola was awarded the ''Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare'' (Gold Purple Heart) for the role of the city in the [[Italian resistance movement]]{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
* On 2 June 1971, the city was awarded the ''Medaglia d'oro ai benemeriti della scuola della cultura e dell'arte'' (Gold Merit Badge of the Art and Culture School).{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}
Imola is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Relazioni internazionali|url=https://www.comune.imola.bo.it/aree-tematiche/relazioni-e-progetti-europei/relazioni-internazionali|publisher=Imola|language=it|access-date=2022-03-21|archive-date=2022-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331122809/https://www.comune.imola.bo.it/aree-tematiche/relazioni-e-progetti-europei/relazioni-internazionali|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Borough of Colchester|Colchester]], United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Gennevilliers]], France
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Piła]], Poland
*{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Pula]], Croatia
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Weinheim]], Germany
*{{flagicon|IRI}} [[Ardakan]], Iran
*{{Flagicon|ROU}} [[Zalău]], Romania

==Climate==

{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Imola (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 7.4
|Feb high C = 10.1
|Mar high C = 15.1
|Apr high C = 19.0
|May high C = 23.8
|Jun high C = 28.5
|Jul high C = 31.4
|Aug high C = 31.2
|Sep high C = 25.8
|Oct high C = 19.6
|Nov high C = 12.9
|Dec high C = 8.2
| year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 3.8
|Feb mean C = 5.6
|Mar mean C = 9.9
|Apr mean C = 13.4
|May mean C = 17.9
|Jun mean C = 22.3
|Jul mean C = 24.8
|Aug mean C = 24.7
|Sep mean C = 20.0
|Oct mean C = 15.0
|Nov mean C = 9.4
|Dec mean C = 4.7
| year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 0.2
|Feb low C = 1.0
|Mar low C = 4.6
|Apr low C = 7.9
|May low C = 12.0
|Jun low C = 16.2
|Jul low C = 18.3
|Aug low C = 18.2
|Sep low C = 14.2
|Oct low C = 10.4
|Nov low C = 5.9
|Dec low C = 1.2
| year low C = 
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 40.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 50.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 53.9
|Apr precipitation mm = 62.5
|May precipitation mm = 65.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 34.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 44.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 70.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 81.6
|Nov precipitation mm = 85.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 61.9
|year precipitation mm = 
| source 1 = Arpae Emilia-Romagna<ref name=Clim>{{cite web
| url = https://www.arpae.it/it/temi-ambientali/clima/dati-e-indicatori/tabelle-climatiche/tabelle-climatologiche-1961-2020
| title = Tabelle climatologiche
| publisher= Arpae Emilia-Romagna agenzia prevenzione ambiente energia
| access-date = 30 June 2024}}</ref>
}}

== See also ==
*[[Bishopric of Imola]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==
*{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Diocese of Imola}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Imola}}
* [http://www.accademiapianistica.org/ Accademia Pianistica Internazionale]
* [http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Italy_states.htm WorldStatesmen- Italian early states A-N, listing the lords]

{{Province of Bologna}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Imola| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Emilia-Romagna]]
[[Category:80s BC establishments]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1st century BC]]