Editing Implementation Force

{{Short description|NATO-led force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–96)}}
{{Redirect|IFOR}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name=Implementation Force
|image=Insignia NATO Army IFOR.svg
|caption=Pocket badge of the IFOR
|country=32 countries
|branch=
|type=[[Formation (military)|Command]]
|dates=1995–1996
|specialization=
|command_structure={{Flag|NATO}}
|size=
|nickname="IFOR"
|current_commander=
|garrison=
|battles=
|notable_commanders=
}}
{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}}
The '''Implementation Force''' ('''IFOR''') was a [[NATO]]-led multinational [[peace enforcement]] force in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] under a one-year mandate from 20 December 1995 to 20 December 1996 under the codename ''Operation Joint Endeavour''.

==Background==
[[File:9th Engineer Battalion Crossing The Sava River into Bosnia, October 1996.jpg|thumb|U.S. Army vehicles with IFOR crossing the [[Sava]] using a [[pontoon bridge]]. The Brčko Bridge, seen at the right, was [[Brčko bridge massacre|destroyed in 1992]] and was still being reconstructed by [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army engineers]] when this photo was taken in 1996.]]
In 1995, NATO was tasked by the [[United Nations]] (UN) to carry out the provision of the [[Dayton Agreement|Dayton Peace Accords]] ending the [[Bosnian War]]. The Dayton Peace Accords were started on 22 November 1995 by the presidents of Bosnia, [[Croatia]], and [[Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia]], on behalf of Serbia and the [[Republika Srpska|Bosnian Serb Republic]]. The actual signing happened in [[Paris]] on 14 December 1995. The peace accords contained a General Framework Agreement and eleven supporting annexes with maps. The accords had three major goals: ending of hostilities, authorization of military and civilian program going into effect, and the establishment of a central Bosnian government while excluding individuals who are serving sentences or under indictment by the [[International War Crimes Tribunal]]s from taking part in the running of the government. IFOR's specific role was to implement the military Annexes of ''The General Framework Agreement for Peace (GFAP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110916231119/http://www.oscebih.org/dejtonski_mirovni_sporazum/EN/ The General Framework Agreement for Peace (GFAP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina]</ref>

IFOR relieved the UN peacekeeping force [[UNPROFOR]], which had originally arrived in 1992, and the transfer of authority was discussed in [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1031|Security Council Resolution 1031]]. Almost 60,000 NATO soldiers in addition to forces from non-NATO nations were deployed to Bosnia. Operation Decisive Endeavor (SACEUR OPLAN 40105), beginning 6 December 1995, was a subcomponent of Joint Endeavor.<ref>[http://ftp.fas.org/irp/ops/smo/docs/ifor/bosappc.htm "Appendix C: References"], [[Federation of American Scientists]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926210406/http://ftp.fas.org/irp/ops/smo/docs/ifor/bosappc.htm |date=26 September 2008 }}</ref> IFOR began operations on 20 December 1995.<ref name="NATOwebsite">{{cite web|url=https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52122.htm|title=Peace support operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina|website=[[NATO]]|access-date=18 December 2020}}</ref>

The Dayton Agreement resulted from a long series of events, notably, the failures of [[Peace plans offered before and during the Bosnian War|EU-led peace plans]], the August 1995 Croat [[Operation Storm]] and fleeing of 200,000 Serb civilians, the Bosnian Serb war crimes, in particular the [[Srebrenica massacre]], and the seizure of [[UNPROFOR]] peace-keepers as [[human shield]]s against NATO's [[1995 NATO bombing in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Operation Deliberate Force]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=NATO AIRCRAFT ATTACK BOSNIAN-SERB TANK|date=22 September 1994|publisher=[[NATO]]|url=http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1994/p94-090.htm}}</ref>

U.S. Secretary of Defense [[William J. Perry|William Perry]] and his Russian counterpart, [[Pavel Grachev]] agreed on 8 October that the peacekeeping operation name will be Implementation Force of the Peace Agreement on Bosnia-Herzegovina, that is without reference to NATO; other differences were unresolved at that time (chain of command, area of command and control).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/10/08/The-United-States-and-Russia-failed-Sunday-to-resolve/1577813124800/ | title=The United States and Russia failed Sunday to resolve... | work=UPI | date=8 October 1995}}</ref> On 27 October they agreed that "the Russian unit will not be part of the NATO peacekeeping force, but will perform special engineering, transport and construction {{sic|activit|es}}".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/10/27/Russia-US-agreement-on-Balkans-reached/1887814766400/ | title=Russia-U.S. agreement on Balkans reached | work=UPI | date=27 October 1995}}</ref>

Admiral [[Leighton W. Smith Jr.]], Commander in Chief [[Allied Forces Southern Europe]] (CINCSOUTH), served as the first Joint Force Commander for the operation, also known as Commander IFOR (COMIFOR). He commanded the operation from IFOR's deployment on 20 December 1995 from headquarters in [[Zagreb]], and later from March 1996 from the Residency in [[Sarajevo]].<ref>[http://www.nato.int/sfor/MISC/resi-comp/t990921d.htm SFOR leaves Residency Compound]</ref> Admiral [[Thomas J. Lopez]] commanded the operation from 31 July to 7 November 1996, followed by General [[William W. Crouch]] until 20 December 1996.<ref name="NATOwebsite"/> Lt Gen [[Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham|Michael Walker]], Commander [[Allied Rapid Reaction Corps]] (ARRC), acted as Land Component Commander for the operation, commanding from HQ ARRC (Forward) based initially in [[Kiseljak]], and from late January 1996 from HQ ARRC (Main) in [[Ilidža]]. This was NATO's first ever out-of-area land deployment. The Land Component's part of the operation was known as Operation Firm Endeavour.<ref>[http://www.gbv.de/dms/tib-ub-hannover/318604868.pdf Operational Analysis Support to NATO IFOR/SFOR Operations]</ref>

At its height, IFOR involved troops from 32 countries and numbered some 54,000 soldiers in-country (BiH) and around 80,000 involved soldiers in total (with support and reserve troops stationed in [[Croatia]], [[Hungary]], [[Germany]], and [[Italy]] and also on ships in the [[Adriatic Sea]]). In the initial phases of the operation, much of the initial composition of IFOR consisted of units which had been part of UNPROFOR but remained in place and simply replaced their United Nations insignia with IFOR insignia.{{citation needed|date=December 2017}}

==Components==
[[File:IFOR map split.jpg|thumb|Map of the International Sectors under the Peace Agreement.]]
NATO member states that contributed forces included Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Non-NATO nations that contributed forces included; Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malaysia, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, Russia, and Ukraine.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bosnia: What Every American Should Know |last=Clark |first=A.L.  |year=1996 |publisher=[[Berkley Books]] |location=New York  |url=https://archive.org/details/bosniawhateverya00clar|url-access=registration }}</ref>

The tasks of the Land Component were carried out by three Multi National Divisions:<ref>{{Cite web |last=McGrath |first=John J. |title=Boots on the Ground: Troop Density in Contingency Operations |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/mcgrath_boots.pdf |publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press |publication-place=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas}}</ref>
*[[Multi-National Division (South-East) (Bosnia)|Multi-National Division (South-East)]], [[Mostar]] – French led. Also known as the 'Division Salamandre.'<ref>[http://www.cdef.terre.defense.gouv.fr/publications/doctrine/no_spe_chefs_francais/version_us/art08.pdf The Multinational Division South-East in Bosnia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628013729/http://www.cdef.terre.defense.gouv.fr/publications/doctrine/no_spe_chefs_francais/version_us/art08.pdf |date=28 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=Nº 672 1996 Mayo |url=https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/media/downloadable/files/links/r/e/revista_ejercito_672.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=publicaciones.defensa.gob.es |language=Spanish}}</ref> The divisional headquarters was provided by [[6th Light Armoured Brigade (France)|6th Light Armored Division]] then [[7th Armoured Division (France)|7th Armoured Division]].
** French Brigade Alpha,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cavaliers.blindes.free.fr/rgtactive/recap6-opex.html#batinf6 | title=Recap6-opex }}</ref> [[Jablanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Jablanica]]
***[[2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=History: 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment {{!}} French Foreign Legion Information |url=https://foreignlegion.info/history/2rep/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>
***Moroccan Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-18 |title=Independence and restoration |url=https://farmorocco.wordpress.com/royal-moroccan-army/history/moroccan-military-history-independence-and-restoration/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Royal Moroccan Armed Forces |language=en}}</ref> - [[Igman]]
** French Brigade Bravo, [[Sarajevo]]
***[[6th Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cavaliers.blindes.free.fr/rgtactive/recap6-opex.html#batinf2 | title=Recap6-opex }}</ref>
***[[21st Marine Infantry Regiment]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://cavaliers.blindes.free.fr/rgtactive/recap6-opex.html#batinf4 | title=Recap6-opex }}</ref>
***Ukrainian Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1996 |title=Nº 675 1996 Septiembre |url=https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es/media/downloadable/files/links/r/e/revista_ejercito_675.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=publicaciones.defensa.gob.es |language=Spanish}}</ref>
** Italian [[Bersaglieri Brigade "Garibaldi"]], [[Sarajevo]]
***[[8th Bersaglieri Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The medal collection - Esercito Italiano |url=https://www.esercito.difesa.it/en/organization/The-Chief-of-General-Staff-of-the-Army/Southern-Operational-Forces-Command/Garibaldi-Bersaglieri-Brigade/8th-Bersaglieri-Regiment/Pagine/The-medal-collection.aspx |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=www.esercito.difesa.it}}</ref>
***Portuguese Battalion
***Egyptian Battalion
**[[:es:Jefatura de Tropas de Montaña «Aragón»|42nd Spanish Mountain Brigade]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=SPABRI I - Spanish army |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/en/misiones/europa/bosnia/09_SPABRI_I.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es}}</ref> [[Medjugorje]] - Col Julio López-Guarch Muro
***[[:es:Regimiento de Cazadores de Montaña «Galicia» n.º 64|64th “Galicia” Mountain Cazadores Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contenido - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Huesca/rczm_galicia64/Historial/index.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es}}</ref> - Morstar
***[[:es:Regimiento de Caballería «España»|11th "España" Light Armored Cavalry Regiment]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contenido - Ejército de tierra |url=https://ejercito.defensa.gob.es/unidades/Zaragoza/rclac11/Unidades/index.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=ejercito.defensa.gob.es}}</ref> - [[Trebinje]]
*[[Multi-National Division (South-West) (Bosnia)|Multi-National Division (South-West)]], [[Banja Luka]] – British led. The British codename for their armed forces' involvement in IFOR was Operation Resolute.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1996/jul/18/british-forces-bosnia|title=British Forces Bosnia|work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]]|date=18 July 1996|access-date=13 April 2013}}</ref> Division headquarters was provided by [[3rd Mechanised Division (United Kingdom)|3 (UK) Division]]<ref name=jackson>{{cite web|url=http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/army_senior_appointments/22296.html|title=Army senior appointments|date=23 July 2002|work=United Kingdom Government News|access-date=13 April 2013|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726124912/http://www.gov-news.org/gov/uk/news/army_senior_appointments/22296.html|archive-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> then [[1st (United Kingdom) Division|1st (UK) Armoured Division]].<ref name=lord304>Lord, p. 304</ref>
** [[4th Light Brigade Combat Team|4th UK Armoured Brigade]], [[Šipovo]] - Brig [[Richard Dannatt]]
***2nd Bn, [[The Light Infantry]]<ref>{{Citation |title=2nd Battalion The Light Infantry Bosnia 1995 - 96 Op Grapple 7 | date=28 October 2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STzHLNWgNL4 |access-date=2023-12-19 |language=en}}</ref>
***1st Bn, [[Royal Regiment of Fusiliers]]<ref>{{Citation |title=1 RRF Bosnia | date=6 June 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjUqlPSsi4k |access-date=2023-12-19 |language=en}}</ref>
***Dutch Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017-09-08 |title=The Dutch contribution to Implementation Force (IFOR), Stabilization Force (SFOR) and European Force (EUFOR) - Historical missions - Defensie.nl |url=https://english.defensie.nl/topics/historical-missions/mission-overview/1995/implementation-force-ifor-stabilization-force-sfor-and-european-force-eufor/dutch-contribution |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=english.defensie.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref> - [[Šišava]]
***Malaysian Battalion - [[Livno]]
** [[2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|2nd Canadian Mechanized Brigade]], [[Ćoralići]] - Brig Gen Bruce Jeffries
***Canadian Battalion
***[[Queen's Royal Hussars]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Commonwealth & Foreign Honours to Members of Her Majesty’s Canadian Armed Forces |url=https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/themes/defence/caf/militaryhistory/dhh/honours/commonwealth-foreign-honours.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=www.canada.ca |isbn=978-0-660-08826-6}}</ref> - [[Mrkonjić Grad]]
***Czech Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |title=ARMED FORCES OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC: A symbol of democracy and state sovereignty |url=https://www.army.cz/assets/en/ministry-of-defence/newsroom/publication/20-let-acr_en.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=www.army.cz}}</ref> - [[Ljubija (town)|Ljubija]]
*[[Multi-National Division (North) (Bosnia)|Multi-National Division (North)]], [[Camp Eagle]] at [[Tuzla]] – US led. Task Force Eagle. The US Army [[1st Armored Division (United States)|1st Armored Division]] under the command of Major General [[William L. Nash]], constituted the bulk of the ground forces for Task Force Eagle. They began to deploy on 18 December 1995 and would return to Germany in late 1996.
**[[1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division (United States)|1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fontenot |first=Gregory |date=2007 |title=Peace in the Posavina, or Deal with Us! |url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/military-review/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20070831_art007.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=www.armyupress.army.mil}}</ref> Camp Kime - Col Gregory Fontenot. 
***[[1st Squadron, 1st Cavalry Regiment|1st Sqdn]], [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry]] - Camp Gentry
***3rd Bn, [[5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|5th Cavalry]] - Camp McGovern
***4th Bn, [[67th Armor Regiment (United States)|67th Armor]] - Camp Stephens
**[[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Armored Division (United States)|2nd Brigade, 1st Armored Division]],<ref name=":0" /> Camp Lisa - Col [[John Batiste]]
***3rd Sqdn, [[4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|4th Cavalry]] - Camp Molly, Camp Alicia
***4th Bn, [[12th Infantry Regiment (United States)|12th infantry]] - Camp Demi, Camp Pat
***2nd Bn, [[68th Armor Regiment (United States)|68th Armor]] - Camp Linda
** [[1st Separate Airborne Brigade|1st Russian Separate Airborne Brigade]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://collections.unu.edu/eserv/UNU:2429/ebrary9280810790.pdf |title=Regional peacekeepers: The paradox of Russian peacekeeping |publisher=United Nations University Press |year=2003 |isbn=92-808-1079-0 |editor-last=Mackinlay |editor-first=John |editor-last2=Cross |editor-first2=Peter}}</ref> Camp Ugljevik - Col [[Alexander Lentsov|Alexander Ivanovich Lentsov]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nelson |first=James |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-og07El0i00C |title=Bosnia Journal: An American Civilian's Accountof His Service |date=2005 |publisher=Infinity Publishing |isbn=978-0-7414-2321-4 |language=en}}</ref>
***1st Airborne Battalion - [[Priboj]]
***2nd Airborne Battalion - [[Simin Han]]
** [[:pl:Brygada Nordycko-Polska|Nordic-Polish Brigade]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bilski |first=Artur O. |date=March 2001 |title=War and Peacekeeping Mission of the Nordic-Polish Brigade in Bosnia-Herzegovina |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA389550.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250131015427/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA389550.pdf |archive-date=2025-01-31 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=apps.dtic.mil}}</ref> [[Doboj]] - Danish Brigadegeneral Finn Særmark-Thomsen
***Danish Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2018 |title=RKK Apprenticeship Partnership Membership |url=https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/RKK_Apprenticeship__Partnership__Membership_WWW.pdf |website=icds.ee}}</ref> (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania each provided a platoon size element to reinforce the battalion) - Camp Dannevirke, Camp Valhalla
***[[:sv:Bosnien BA05|Swedish Battalion]] - Camp Oden
***[[:pl:Polski Kontyngent Wojskowy w Bośni i Hercegowinie|Polish Battalion]] - [[Teslić]], [[Žepče]]
***Finnish Engineer Battalion - Camp Jussi
***Norwegian Logistics Battalion - Modrica
** Turkish Brigade,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bishop |first=Rob |date=April 19, 1996 |title=Earth moving platoon forms roads out of mud |url=https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/06/21/90/00016/04-19-1996.pdf |access-date=March 12, 2025 |website=ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu}}</ref> [[Zenica]] - Col Ahmet Berberoglu
***Turkish Battalion
***Romanian Engineer Battalion<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Changing Security Paradigms in Romania and South Africa after the Cold War |url=https://ispaim.mapn.ro/webroot/fileslib/upload/files/Occasional%20Papers/OP%2016%202011.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250131074223/https://ispaim.mapn.ro/webroot/fileslib/upload/files/Occasional%20Papers/OP%2016%202011.pdf |archive-date=2025-01-31 |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=ispaim.mapn.ro |publisher=Military Publishing House |publication-place=Bucharest}}</ref>
On 20 December 1996, the task of IFOR was taken over by [[Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina|SFOR]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nato.int/sfor/docu/d981116a.htm |title=History of the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina |website=NATO |access-date=2018-12-18 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In turn, SFOR was replaced by the European [[EUFOR Althea]] force in 2004.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3944191.stm |title=EU troops prepare for Bosnia swap |last=Hawton |first=Nick |date=2004-10-23 |work=BBC News |access-date=2018-12-18 |language=en-GB |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

NATO began to create service medals once it began to support peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia, which led to the award to IFOR troops of the [[NATO Medal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/honours-history-medals-chart/medal-natofy.page |title=NATO Medal for Former Yugoslavia (NATO-FY) |date=2015-07-22 |website=National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces |access-date=2018-12-18 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Two Russian BTR 80 personnel carriers, commanded by LT Aleksei Terebov, Military Police, Platoon Leader, 1ST Battalion, Airborne Brigade, 76th Airborne Division, follow a high mobil - DPLA - d8e506033fdf01d054e5ecbe7d10cc4c.jpeg|Two Russian [[BTR-80]] APCs following an American [[Humvee]] in [[Zvornik]]
File:BTR-80 and Bradley.jpg|An American [[M2 Bradley]] and a Russian BTR-80 during a patrol near Zvornik
File:Centauro01.JPEG|An [[Italian Army]] [[B1 Centauro]] during a patrol in Bosnia-Herzegovina as part of IFOR during 1996
File:Swedish soldier in Bosnia-Herzegovina 1996.JPEG|A Swedish soldier manning a civilian checkpoint leading to the Joint Civilian Commission meeting in [[Doboj]]
File:Danish Leopard 1A5 destroys a Serbian M55 AA gun 1996.jpg|A Danish [[Leopard 1]] preparing to drive over and crush a Serbian [[Zastava M55]] anti-air gun
File:IVECO - OTO Melara Centauro B1 close up.JPEG|The crew of an Italian [[B1 Centauro]] deployed as part of IFOR
File:Unimog truck of the Bundeswehr in Croatia.JPEG|German [[Unimog]] medical vehicles in [[Trogir]]
File:British Army vehicles convoy through Kupres during deployment - DPLA - 4efbc2d5315644ee45092693c2848c70.jpeg|A British convoy passing through [[Kupres]]
File:Greek Army - IFOR - Bosnian elections DD-SD-00-00344.jpg|Greek soldiers guarding a truck carrying polling equipment for the [[1996 Bosnian general election]] in [[Zenica]]
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[National Support Group]]
*[[Operation Determined Effort]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==

*Charles Bertin, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110904031337/http://www.anolir.org/spip/IMG/pdf/Bosnie_1996_BERTIN.pdf A Summer in Mostar: 50 days with the Salamander Division, January – June 1996] 
*{{cite book|last=Lord|first=Cliff|title=Royal Corps of Signals: Unit Histories of the Corps (1920–2001) and its Antecedents| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=031WegRPmM8C&q=multi-national+division+south+west+bosnia&pg=PA304|publisher= Helion & Company|date=2004|isbn= 978-1-874622-92-5}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |title=Bosnia-Herzegovina: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995–2004 |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |id=CMH Pub 70-97-1 |first=R. Cody |last=Phillips |location=Washington, D.C. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209001303/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |archive-date=9 December 2013 }}
*{{cite book| url = http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Siegel_Target.pdf| title = Target Bosnia| first = Pascale| last = Siegel| year = 1998| access-date = 19 January 2007| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150628215257/http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Siegel_Target.pdf| archive-date = 28 June 2015| url-status = dead}}
*{{cite book| url = http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Wentz_Bosnia.pdf| title = Lessons from Bosnia: The IFOR Experience| first =Larry | last = Wentz | year = 1998}}
*{{cite book|doi=10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00083-8| title = Measuring the Success of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1995 – 2000. Issue 140/2, pp. 459–481. European Journal of Operations Research, Special 2000 Edition| first =Nicholas | last = Lambert | year = 2002}}

==External links==
{{Commons-inline}}
*[http://www.dodccrp.org/html4/research_bosnia.html CCRP Bosnia Research and Publications]
*[http://www.nato.int/ifor/ Information on Operation Joint Endeavour] on the NATO Website

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[[Category:Military operations involving NATO]]
[[Category:History of Republika Srpska]]
[[Category:NATO-led peacekeeping in the former Yugoslavia]]
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[[Category:Military history of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1995]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1996]]
[[Category:Military operations involving Portugal]]