Editing Influence peddling

{{short description|Form of lobbying}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{political corruption sidebar}}

[[File:10_-_hands_shaking_with_euro_bank_notes_inside_handshake_-_royalty_free,_without_copyright,_public_domain_photo_image_01.JPG | thumb | right | Trading cash for influence ]]
'''Influence peddling''', also called '''traffic of influence''' or '''trading in influence''', is the practice of using one's influence in government or connections with authorities to obtain favours or preferential treatment for another, usually in [[Money trail|return for payment]]. Influence peddling ''per se'' is not necessarily illegal, as the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) has often used the modified term "undue influence peddling" to refer to illegal acts of lobbying;<ref>{{cite web |title=Building a Cleaner World Economy |url=http://www.oecd.org/economy/buildingacleanerworldeconomy.htm |website=OECD |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> however, influence peddling is typically associated with corruption and may therefore delegitimise democratic politics with the general public. It is punishable as a crime in Argentina, Belgium, Bulgaria, Brazil, France, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Mexico, Portugal, Romania,<ref>{{cite book |last= Semeraro|first= P.|date= 2000|title= I delitti di millantato credito e traffico di influenza|trans-title=The offenses of false claims and traffic of influence|url= http://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/4720493|language= it|location= Milan|publisher= Giuffrè|isbn= 8814083029}}</ref> Spain, and the United Kingdom.

== Known cases ==
{{update|date=June 2024}}
In December 2008, [[Rod Blagojevich]], the then [[Governor of Illinois]], was accused of influence peddling in attempting to sell the [[U.S. Senate]] seat vacated by the then President-elect [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/31/illinois.senate/index.html?eref=rss_topstories |title=Senate Democrats hope stalling can block Blagojevich's pick |last=Hornick |first=Ed |author2=Kristi Keck |author3=Brianna Keilar |date=December 31, 2008 |publisher=CNN |access-date=2008-12-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101019122320/http://articles.cnn.com/2008-12-31/politics/illinois.senate_1_state-jesse-white-roland-burris-governor-blagojevich?_s=PM:POLITICS |archive-date=2010-10-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Blagojevich was convicted in 2011 and sentenced to 14 years in prison. He was later pardoned by then-President [[Donald Trump]] by February 2020. [[Larry O'Brien (Canadian politician)|Larry O'Brien]], the then [[mayor of Ottawa]], was brought to trial on similar grounds in May 2009. O'Brien was accused of purported influence peddling. On 5 August 2009, both charges were dismissed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/Charges+against+Brien+dismissed/1861956/story.html |title=The Mayor Returns |work=[[The Ottawa Citizen]] |date=August 6, 2009 |access-date=May 13, 2011 |author=Butler, Don |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415013556/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/news/Charges+against+Brien+dismissed/1861956/story.html |archive-date=April 15, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 

In April 2009, former [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] politician [[Ed Byrne (Canadian politician)|Ed Byrne]] was convicted of influence peddling for his actions in the Constituency Allowance Scandal. He was the first of four politicians convicted in relation to the Scandal and the remaining politicians are on or awaiting trial.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-01-17 |title=Former Nfld. cabinet minister pleads guilty to fraud |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/former-nfld-cabinet-minister-pleads-guilty-to-fraud/article1152335/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Globe and Mail |language=en-CA}}</ref> 

In 2012, [[Amado Boudou]], the then [[vice president of Argentina]], was accused of being a mere straw owner of the printing house Ciccone Calcográfica, a private company that has contracts to print over 120 million new Argentine pesos banknotes, license plates, and other government issues. The scandal became known as [[Boudougate]], as the contracts were awarded by Boudou himself when he was the [[Ministry of Economy (Argentina)|Economy Minister]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/el-caso-de-la-ex-imprenta-ciccone-t47923 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008164603/https://www.lanacion.com.ar/el-caso-de-la-ex-imprenta-ciccone-t47923 |archive-date=2018-10-08 |url-status=dead |title=El caso de la ex imprenta Ciccone |language=Spanish |work=La Nación}}</ref> In 2018, Boudou was convicted of corruption and sentenced to 5 years and 10 months in prison, as well as being banned from running for office. He was granted parole in 2021, 5 years into his sentence<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Former vice-president Amado Boudou granted parole |url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/former-vice-president-amado-boudou-granted-parole.phtml |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Buenos Aires Times |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[Radia tapes controversy]] of the late 2000s and early 2010, Nira Radia was under investigation for using her connections with Indian politicians and members of the Indian media to tilt the auction of multi-million dollar licence contracts in favour of certain companies and individuals. No major charges were brought against Radia, and the case did not result in convictions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-29 |title=Constitution club of india |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929183707/http://constitutionclub.in/ |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>

In 2014, former French President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] was investigated due to alleged influence peddling. Sarkozy was convicted in March 2021 for corruption and influence peddling. He was sentenced to three years in prison, with two years suspended and one year to be served under house arrest.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-07-01 |title=French ex-President Sarkozy held over influence claims |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-28103223 |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-09-30 |title=Sarkozy: Ex-French president gets jail sentence over campaign funding |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58729505 |access-date=2025-05-15 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In April 2015, the [[Public Prosecutor's Office (Brazil)|Public Prosecutor's Office]] of Brazil opened an investigation for influence peddling against [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], at the time a former [[president of Brazil]]. It was alleged that, between 2011 and 2014, he lobbied for [[Odebrecht]] company to gain public procurements in foreign countries while also getting [[BNDES]] to finance those projects. Countries where this allegedly took place include [[Ghana]], [[Angola]], [[Cuba]], and the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref>[http://epoca.globo.com/tempo/noticia/2015/04/suspeitas-de-trafico-de-influencia-internacional-sobre-o-ex-presidente-lula.html As suspeitas de tráfico de influência internacional sobre o ex-presidente Lula: O Ministério Público Federal abre uma investigação contra o petista – ele é suspeito de ajudar a Odebrecht em contratos bilionários], 30/04/2015 - Updated 08/05/2015</ref> Lula was later convicted on separate corruption charges and imprisoned but was released in 2019 after Brazil's Supreme Court annulled his sentences. In 2022, Lula was re-elected as president of Brazil.

On 9 December 2016, the National Assembly impeached [[Park Geun-hye]],  the [[president of South Korea]] from 2013 to 2017, on charges related to influence peddling by her top aide [[Choi Soon-sil]], and [[Hwang Kyo-ahn]], the then [[Prime Minister of South Korea]], assumed her powers and duties as Acting President as a result. The [[Constitutional Court of Korea]] upheld the impeachment by a unanimous 8–0 ruling on 10 March 2017, thereby removing Park from office. On 6 April 2018, South Korean courts sentenced her to 24 years in prison; this was later increased to 25 years, and Park was imprisoned at Seoul Detention Center. In 2018, two separate criminal cases resulted in an increase of seven years in her prison sentence. She was found guilty of illegally taking off-the-book funds from the [[National Intelligence Service (South Korea)|National Intelligence Service]] and given a five-year prison sentence, and also found guilty of illegally interfering in the [[Saenuri Party]] primaries in the [[2016 South Korean legislative election]], for which she was sentenced to two more years in prison.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Choi |first=Haejin |date=20 July 2018 |title=South Korean court sentences president Park to another eight years in jail |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/south-korean-court-sentences-president-park-to-another-eight-years-in-jail-idUSKBN1KA0HF/ |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sang-Hun |first=Choe |date=2016-12-09 |title=South Korea Enters Period of Uncertainty With President’s Impeachment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/world/asia/south-korea-president-park-geun-hye-impeached.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sang-Hun |first=Choe |date=2017-03-10 |title=South Korea Removes President Park Geun-hye |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/09/world/asia/park-geun-hye-impeached-south-korea.html |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lee |first=Joyce |title=South Korean court raises ex-president Park's jail term to 25 years |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-politics-park/south-korean-court-raises-ex-president-parks-jail-term-to-25-years-idUSKCN1L905P/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230609230933/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southkorea-politics-park/south-korean-court-raises-ex-president-parks-jail-term-to-25-years-idUSKCN1L905P |archive-date=2023-06-09 |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=U.S. |language=en-US}}</ref>

In November 2023, the [[Order and Justice]] political party of [[Lithuania]] was convicted through [[Supreme Court of Lithuania|last instance]] for charges dating back to 2013, when it pressured a number of connected or dependent [[civil servant]]s working for [[Ministry of the Interior (Lithuania)]], [[Ministry of Environment (Lithuania)]] to influence results of [[public procurement]] to benefit specific businessman who in turn donated or illegimately paid for political campaing publicity.<ref>{{cite news | last=Steniulienė | first=Ingrida | title=Likviduojama partija „Tvarka ir Teisingumas“ galutinai nuteista už prekybą poveikiu | work=[[Lithuanian National Radio and Television]] | date=2023-11-22 | url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/lietuvoje/2/2131732/likviduojama-partija-tvarka-ir-teisingumas-galutinai-nuteista-uz-prekyba-poveikiu | language=lt | access-date=2025-05-31}}</ref>

The [[Biden]] family has faced allegations of influence peddling related to foreign business dealings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bidens’ Influence Peddling Timeline |url=https://oversight.house.gov/the-bidens-influence-peddling-timeline/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Racker |first=Mini |last2=Bennett |first2=Brian |date=2023-05-10 |title=Comer Swings and Misses on Allegations of Influence Peddling |url=https://time.com/6278705/james-comer-hunter-biden-investigation/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=TIME |language=en}}</ref> In 2025, President Joe Biden issued a pardon for his brother, [[James Biden]], who was under investigation for allegedly leveraging the family's political connections for financial gain. The pardon effectively ended the probe, drawing criticism and raising questions about accountability and ethics in public office.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nelson |first=Steven |last2=Glebova |first2=Diana |last3=Christenson |first3=Josh |date=2025-01-20 |title=Biden pardons his brother James Biden |url=https://nypost.com/2025/01/20/us-news/biden-pardons-his-brother-james-biden/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In March 2025, [[Bernard Squarcini]], former head of France's domestic intelligence agency, was convicted of influence peddling and sentenced to four years in prison. Squarcini was found guilty of leveraging his official position to benefit luxury conglomerate LVMH by accessing confidential police files and conducting unauthorized surveillance on behalf of the company.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MSTIMES |date=2025-03-09 |title=Conviction of France’s Former Intelligence Chief in LVMH Influence Peddling Case |url=https://www.msmtimes.com/2025/03/Conviction-of-Frances-Former-Intelligence-Chief-in-LVMH-Influence-Peddling-Case.html |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=MSMTIMES.COM |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bribery]]
* [[Lobbying]]
* [[Logrolling]]
* [[Money trail]]
* [[Political corruption]]
* [[Political finance]]
* [[Pork barrel politics]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* P. Semeraro, [http://www.pravri.hr/hr/zavodi/zkzm/documents/decennium.pdf Trading in influence and Lobbying in the Spanish criminal Code], p. 297.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Influence Peddling}}
[[Category:Political corruption]]
[[Category:Lobbying]]