Editing Infrahyoid muscles

{{Short description|Group of muscles}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox muscle
| Name        = Infrahyoid muscles
| Latin       = musculi infrahyoidei
| Image       = Infrahyoid muscles.png
| Caption     = [[Table of muscles of the human body: Neck|Muscles of the neck]] seen from the front. The infrahyoid muscles are coloured in violet.
| Image2      =
| Caption2    =
| Origin      =
| Insertion   =
| Blood       =
| Nerve       = [[Ansa cervicalis]] (except [[thyrohyoid muscle]])
| Action      = [[Depression (kinesiology)|Depress]] the [[hyoid bone]]
| Antagonist  =
}}
The '''infrahyoid muscles''', or '''strap muscles''', are a group of four pairs of [[muscle]]s in the [[anatomical terms of location#Anterior and posterior|anterior]] (frontal) part of the [[neck]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|date=2009-01-01|title=Localization of Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742476500110|journal=The Spinal Cord|language=en|pages=94–114|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-374247-6.50011-0|last1=McHanwell|first1=Steve|last2=Watson|first2=Charles|isbn=9780123742476|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The four infrahyoid muscles are the [[sternohyoid muscle|sternohyoid]], [[sternothyroid muscle|sternothyroid]], [[thyrohyoid muscle|thyrohyoid]] and [[omohyoid muscle]]s.<ref name=":0" />

Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either [[Origin (anatomy)|originate]] from or [[Insertion (anatomy)|insert]] on to the hyoid bone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/infrahyoid-muscles|title=Infrahyoid muscles|last=KenHub|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

The term ''infrahyoid'' refers to the region below the [[hyoid bone]], while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a [[strap]]. The [[stylopharyngeus]] muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles,{{Citation needed|date=November 2020|reason=There is no evidence that any reputable sources believe it to be an infrahyoid muscle.}} but is not an infrahyoid muscle.

==Individual muscles==
The [[Origin (anatomy)|origin]], [[Insertion (anatomy)|insertion]] and [[Nerve|innervation]] of the individual muscles:<ref name="isbn0-443-07168-3">{{cite book |author1=Ellis, Harold |author2=Susan Standring |author3=Gray, Henry David |title=Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice |publisher=Elsevier Churchill Livingstone |location=St. Louis, Mo |year=2005 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyanat0000unse/page/538 538–539] |isbn=0-443-07168-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/graysanatomyanat0000unse/page/538 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Muscle !! Origin !! Insertion !! Innervation
 |-
 | [[sternohyoid muscle|Sternohyoid]]  || Posterior surface of [[manubrium sterni]], adjoining parts of [[clavicle]] and the [[posterior sternoclavicular ligament]] || Medial part of lower border of [[hyoid bone]] || [[Ansa cervicalis]]
 |-
 | [[sternothyroid muscle|Sternothyroid]] || Posterior surface of [[manubrium sterni]] and adjoining part of first [[costal cartilage]] || Oblique line of [[thyroid cartilage]] || [[Ansa cervicalis]]
 |-
 | [[thyrohyoid muscle|Thyrohyoid]]  || Oblique line of the [[thyroid cartilage]] || Lower border of the body and the [[greater cornu]] of the hyoid bone || [[Cervical spinal nerve 1]] via the [[hypoglossal nerve]]
 |-
 | [[omohyoid muscle|Omohyoid (superior belly)]]  || Intermediate tendon || [[Hyoid bone]] || [[Superior root of ansa cervicalis]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]])
 |-
 | [[omohyoid muscle|Omohyoid (inferior belly)]]  || [[Superior border of scapula]] || Intermediate tendon || [[Ansa cervicalis]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]]-[[Cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]])
|}

===Nerve supply===
All of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the [[ansa cervicalis]] from the [[cervical plexus]] ([[Cervical spinal nerve 1|C1]]-[[Cervical spinal nerve 3|C3]])<ref>{{Citation|last=Cesmebasi|first=Alper|title=Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches|date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124103900000329|work=Nerves and Nerve Injuries|pages=441–449|editor-last=Tubbs|editor-first=R. Shane|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9|isbn=978-0-12-410390-0|editor2-last=Rizk|editor2-first=Elias|editor3-last=Shoja|editor3-first=Mohammadali M.|editor4-last=Loukas|editor4-first=Marios|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Kayalioglu|first=Gulgun|title=Chapter 4 - The Spinal Nerves|date=2009-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123742476500080|work=The Spinal Cord|pages=37–56|editor-last=Watson|editor-first=Charles|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-374247-6.50008-0|isbn=978-0-12-374247-6|editor2-last=Paxinos|editor2-first=George|editor3-last=Kayalioglu|editor3-first=Gulgun|url-access=subscription}}</ref> except the thyrohyoid muscle, which is innervated by fibers only from the [[Cervical spinal nerve 1|first]] [[cervical spinal nerve]] travelling with the [[hypoglossal nerve]].<ref name=":0" />

==Function==
The infrahyoid muscles function to elevate and depress the hyoid bone and [[larynx]] during [[swallowing]] and speech.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Merea|first1=Valeria Silva|title=Chapter 5 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter|date=2019-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978032356930900005X|work=Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology|pages=29–34|editor-last=Chhetri|editor-first=Dinesh K.|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00005-x|isbn=978-0-323-56930-9|last2=Pitman|first2=Michael J.|s2cid=80855923 |editor2-last=Dewan|editor2-first=Karuna|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This moves the larynx as one unit.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Feinstein|first1=Aaron J.|title=Chapter 4 - Larynx|date=2019-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323569309000048|work=Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology|pages=23–28|editor-last=Chhetri|editor-first=Dinesh K.|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00004-8|isbn=978-0-323-56930-9|last2=Dewan|first2=Karuna|editor2-last=Dewan|editor2-first=Karuna|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Muscular triangle]]
* [[Suprahyoid muscles]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Muscles of neck}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Infrahyoid Muscles}}
[[Category:Muscles of the head and neck]]