Editing Interactive Disassembler

{{short description|Software reverse engineering tool}}
{{multiple issues|
{{more footnotes needed|date=September 2013}}
{{third-party|date=September 2013}}
}}

{{Infobox software
| name = Interactive Disassembler
| logo = 
| screenshot = Mme de Maintenon.jpg
| caption = Portrait of [[Françoise d'Aubigné]], whose image is used as the IDA logo
| collapsible = 
| author = [[Ilfak Guilfanov]]
| developer = Hex-Rays
| released = {{Start date and age|1991|05|21}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Czokow |first=Geoffrey |date=2021-05-20 |title=IDA: celebrating 30 years of binary analysis innovation |url=https://hex-rays.com/blog/ida-celebrating-30-years-of-binary-analysis-innovation/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Hex-Rays |language=en}}</ref>
| latest release version = 9.1<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.hex-rays.com/release-notes/9_1|title=IDA 9.1 |access-date=March 29, 2024 }}</ref>
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2025|2|28}}
| latest preview version = 
| latest preview date = 
| programming language = [[C++]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hex-rays.com/ |title=Hex-rays Home |access-date=2008-03-31 |archive-date=2024-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526003338/https://hex-rays.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| operating system = [[Microsoft Windows]], [[Mac OS X]], and [[Linux]]
| platform = 
| size = 
| language = [[English language|English]], [[Russian language|Russian]]
| genre = [[Disassembler]], [[Decompiler]]
| license = Proprietary
| website = {{URL|https://hex-rays.com/ida-pro/}}
}}
The '''Interactive Disassembler''' ('''IDA''') is a [[disassembler]] for [[software|computer software]] which generates [[assembly language]] [[source code]] from [[Machine code|machine-executable code]]. It supports a variety of [[executable|executable format]]s for different [[Central processing unit|processor]]s and [[operating system]]s. It can also be used as a [[debugger]] for [[Portable Executable|Windows PE]], [[Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X]] [[Mach-O]], and [[Linux]] [[Executable and Linkable Format|ELF]] executables. A [[decompiler]] plug-in, which generates a high level, [[C (programming language)|C]] source code-like representation of the analysed program, is available at extra cost.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eagle |first=Chris |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/830164382 |title=The IDA Pro Book : the Unofficial Guide to the World's Most Popular Disassembler. |date=2011 |publisher=No Starch Press |isbn=978-1-59327-395-8 |edition=2nd |location=San Francisco |pages=500–502 |chapter=Chapter 23: Real-World IDA Plug-ins |oclc=830164382}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hex-Rays Decompiler |url=https://hex-rays.com/decompiler/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=hex-rays.com}}</ref>

IDA is used widely in software [[reverse engineering]], including for [[malware analysis]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=S. C. |date=2017-09-11 |title=Hex-Rays IDA Pro |url=https://www.scmagazine.com/product-test/content/hex-rays-ida-pro |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=SC Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sikorski |first=Michael |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/830164262 |title=Practical Malware Analysis : a Hands-On Guide to Dissecting Malicious Software. |date=2012 |publisher=No Starch Press |others=Andrew Honig |isbn=978-1-59327-430-6 |location=San Francisco |chapter=Chapter 5. IDA Pro |oclc=830164262}}</ref> and [[Vulnerability (computing)|software vulnerability]] research.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shoshitaishvili |first1=Yan |last2=Wang |first2=Ruoyu |last3=Salls |first3=Christopher |last4=Stephens |first4=Nick |last5=Polino |first5=Mario |last6=Dutcher |first6=Andrew |last7=Grosen |first7=John |last8=Feng |first8=Siji |last9=Hauser |first9=Christophe |last10=Kruegel |first10=Christopher |last11=Vigna |first11=Giovanni |chapter=SOK: (State of) the Art of War: Offensive Techniques in Binary Analysis |date=2016-05-22 |title=2016 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7546500 |pages=138–157 |doi=10.1109/SP.2016.17|hdl=11311/1161277 |isbn=978-1-5090-0824-7 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Guo |first1=Wei |last2=Wei |first2=Qiang |last3=Wu |first3=Qianqiong |last4=Guo |first4=Zhimin |date=2022-04-01 |title=CSChecker : A binary taint-based vulnerability detection method based on static taint analysis |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |volume=2258 |issue=1 |pages=012069 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/2258/1/012069 |issn=1742-6588|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022JPhCS2258a2069G }}</ref> IDA's decompiler is one of the most popular and widely used decompilation frameworks,<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |title=No More Gotos: Decompilation Using Pattern-Independent Control-Flow Structuring and Semantics-Preserving Transformations |url=https://www.ndss-symposium.org/ndss2015/ndss-2015-programme/no-more-gotos-decompilation-using-pattern-independent-control-flow-structuring-and-semantics/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=NDSS Symposium |date=2015 |language=en-US |doi=10.14722/ndss.2015.23185 |last1=Yakdan |first1=Khaled |last2=Eschweiler |first2=Sebastian |last3=Gerhards-Padilla |first3=Elmar |last4=Smith |first4=Matthew |isbn=978-1-891562-38-9 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Schulte |first1=Eric |last2=Ruchti |first2=Jason |last3=Noonan |first3=Matt |last4=Ciarletta |first4=David |last5=Loginov |first5=Alexey |date=2018 |title=Evolving Exact Decompilation |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.14722/bar.2018.23008 |journal=Proceedings 2018 Workshop on Binary Analysis Research |location=Reston, VA |publisher=Internet Society |doi=10.14722/bar.2018.23008|isbn=978-1-891562-50-1 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last1=Liu |first1=Zhibo |last2=Wang |first2=Shuai |chapter=How far we have come: Testing decompilation correctness of C decompilers |date=2020-07-18 |title=Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3395363.3397370 |series=ISSTA 2020 |location=New York, NY, USA |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |pages=475–487 |doi=10.1145/3395363.3397370 |isbn=978-1-4503-8008-9}}</ref> and IDA has been called the "de-facto industry standard" for program disassembly and static binary analysis.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Di Federico |first1=Alessandro |last2=Payer |first2=Mathias |last3=Agosta |first3=Giovanni |chapter=Rev.ng: A unified binary analysis framework to recover CFGS and function boundaries |date=2017-02-05 |title=Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Compiler Construction |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3033019.3033028 |series=CC 2017 |location=New York, NY, USA |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |pages=131–141 |doi=10.1145/3033019.3033028 |isbn=978-1-4503-5233-8 |quote="In an extensive evaluation, we test our [binary analysis] tool on binaries compiled for MIPS, ARM, and x86-64 using GCC and clang and compare them to the industry's state of the art tool, IDA Pro, and two well-known academic tools, BAP/ByteWeight and angr."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Garcia Prado |first1=Carlos |last2=Erickson |first2=Jon |date=April 10, 2018 |title=Solving Ad-hoc Problems with Hex-Rays API |url=https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/solving-ad-hoc-problems-with-hex-rays-api.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602140613/https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/04/solving-ad-hoc-problems-with-hex-rays-api.html |archive-date=June 2, 2022 |access-date=March 12, 2023 |website=FireEye Threat Research Blog |quote="IDA Pro is the de facto standard when it comes to binary reverse engineering."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Andriesse |first=Dennis |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1050453850 |title=Practical binary analysis : build your own Linux tools for binary instrumentation, analysis, and disassembly |date=2019 |publisher=No Starch Press, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59327-913-4 |location=San Francisco, CA |chapter=Appendix C: List of Binary Analysis Tools |oclc=1050453850 |quote="This [IDA Pro] is the de facto industry-standard recursive disassembler."}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Ilfak Guilfanov]] began working on IDA in 1990,<ref>{{cite interview |last=Гильфанов |first=Ильфак |subject-link=Ilfak_Guilfanov |title=IDA Pro - samyj moshhnyj dizassembler v mire |url=https://fcenter.ru/online/softarticles/interview/6704 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515200735/https://fcenter.ru/online/softarticles/interview/6704 |archive-date=May 15, 2021 |publisher=Компания "Ф-Центр" |date=22 May 2003 |quote=Он начался как хобби в далеком 1991 году, просто увлечением для себя и для друзей. |interviewer-first=Алексей |interviewer-last=Доля |script-title=ru:IDA Pro - самый мощный дизассемблер в мире |trans-title=IDA Pro - the most powerful disassembler in the world |language=ru |at=sec. 2.30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IDA Pro - Часто задаваемые вопросы |url=http://www.idapro.ru/faq.html#053 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031219030300/http://www.idapro.ru/faq.html#053 |archive-date=December 19, 2003 |quote=Первые строки для IDA были написаны в декабре 1990.}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Czokow |first=Geoffrey |date=2021-05-20 |title=IDA: celebrating 30 years of binary analysis innovation |url=https://hex-rays.com/blog/ida-celebrating-30-years-of-binary-analysis-innovation/ |access-date=2023-03-19 |website=Hex-Rays |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hex Rays - State-of-the-art binary code analysis solutions |url=https://hex-rays.com/about-us/our-journey/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=hex-rays.com |archive-date=2023-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531100330/https://hex-rays.com/about-us/our-journey/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and initially distributed it as a [[shareware]] application. In 1996, the [[Belgium|Belgian]] company DataRescue took over the development of IDA and began to sell it as a commercial product, under the name IDA Pro.<ref>{{Citation |last=Guilfanov |first=Ilfak |title=CODE BLUE 2014 : Ilfak Guilfanov - Keynote : The story of IDA Pro |date=22 June 2015 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLBlck1lTUs |access-date=2023-03-16 |language=en |quote="Datarescue converted my hobby project into a commercial program in 1996."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DataRescue IDA Pro Page |url=http://www.datarescue.com/ida.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970214111312/http://www.datarescue.com/ida.htm |archive-date=1997-02-14 |website=DataRescue}}</ref>

Initial versions of IDA did not have a [[Graphical user interface|graphical user interface (GUI)]], and ran as an [[extended DOS]], [[OS/2]], or Windows [[console application]].<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=DataRescue IDA Page : download an evaluation version |url=http://www.datarescue.com/idadown.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970214112722/http://www.datarescue.com/idadown.htm |archive-date=1997-02-14 |access-date= |website=DataRescue}}</ref> In 1999, DataRescue released the first version of IDA Pro with a GUI, IDA Pro 4.0.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=DataRescue IDA Pro What's new Page |url=http://datarescue.com:80/idanew.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991010010636/http://datarescue.com:80/idanew.htm |archive-date=1999-10-10 |access-date= |website=DataRescue}}</ref>

In 2005, Guilfanov founded Hex-Rays to pursue the development of the Hex-Rays Decompiler IDA extension.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gegevens van de geregistreerde entiteit {{!}} KBO Public Search |url=https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/toonondernemingps.html?ondernemingsnummer=873473914 |access-date=2023-03-13 |website=kbopub.economie.fgov.be}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Hex-Rays Decompiler |url=http://www.hex-rays.com/products.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011044755/http://www.hex-rays.com/products.shtml |archive-date=2007-10-11 |access-date= |website=Hex-Rays}}</ref> In January 2008, Hex-Rays assumed the development and support of DataRescue's IDA Pro.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=DataRescue Home Page : home of the IDA Pro Disassembler and of PhotoRescue |url=http://www.datarescue.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221202137/http://www.datarescue.com:80/ |archive-date=2008-02-21 |access-date= |website=DataRescue |quote="News 07/01/2008: IDA Pro moves to Hex-Rays."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Hex-Rays Home Page |url=http://www.hex-rays.com/index.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212081246/http://www.hex-rays.com/index.shtml |archive-date=2008-02-12 |access-date= |website=Hex-Rays}}</ref>

In 2022, Hex-Rays was acquired by a group of investors led by Smartfin, a European [[venture capital]] and [[private equity investor]]. Co-investors in the acquisition included the Belgian public holding company {{Interlanguage link|The Federal Holding & Investment Company (SFPIM)|fr|Société Fédérale de Participations et d'Investissement}}, and the [[Wallonia|Walloon]] public investment firm [[Regional Investment Company of Wallonia|Regional Investment Company of Wallonia (SRIW)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=A consortium of investors acquires Hex-Rays – Hex Rays |date=19 October 2022 |url=https://hex-rays.com/blog/hex-rays-acquisition/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721143654/https://hex-rays.com/blog/hex-rays-acquisition/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-10-20 |title=News Industry {{!}} Smartfin led consortium acquires Hex-Rays to accelerate product innovation efforts |url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2022/10/21/hex-rays-smartfin/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=Help Net Security |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721143654/https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2022/10/21/hex-rays-smartfin/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Features ==
IDA disassembles a compiled program back into an assembly language representation. In addition to performing basic disassembly, IDA also automatically annotates disassembled programs with information about:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eagle |first=Chris |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/830164382 |title=The IDA Pro Book : the Unofficial Guide to the World's Most Popular Disassembler. |date=2011 |publisher=No Starch Press |isbn=978-1-59327-395-8 |edition=2nd |location=San Francisco |chapter=Part II. Basic IDA Usage |oclc=830164382}}</ref>

* cross-references between code and data in the program
* function locations, function [[stack frame]]s, and function [[calling convention]]s
* reconstructed [[data type]]s

However, the nature of disassembly precludes total accuracy, and a great deal of human intervention is necessarily required; IDA has interactive functionality to aid in improving the disassembly. A typical IDA user will begin with an automatically generated disassembly listing and then convert sections from code to data and vice versa, rename, annotate, and otherwise add information to the listing, until its functionality becomes clear.

=== Scripting ===
"IDC scripts" make it possible to extend the operation of the disassembler. Some helpful scripts are provided, which can serve as the basis for user written scripts. Most frequently scripts are used for extra modification of the generated code. For example, external symbol tables can be loaded thereby using the function names of the original source code.

Users have created plugins that allow other common scripting languages to be used instead of, or in addition to, IDC. IdaRUB<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/spoonm/idarub |title=Spoonm/Idarub |website=[[GitHub]] |access-date=2011-12-05 |archive-date=2016-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108085820/https://github.com/spoonm/idarub |url-status=live }}</ref> supports [[Ruby programming language|Ruby]] and IDAPython<ref>{{cite web | url=http://d-dome.net/idapython/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060116123556/http://d-dome.net/idapython/ | archive-date=2006-01-16 | title=Idapython &#91;d-dome.net&#93; }}</ref> adds support for [[Python (programming language)|Python]]. As of version 5.4, IDAPython (dependent on Python 2.5) comes preinstalled with IDA Pro.

=== Debugging ===
IDA Pro supports a number of debuggers,<ref>{{cite book |last=Eagle |first=Chris |title=The IDA Pro Book: The Unofficial Guide to the World's Most Popular Disassembler |publisher=[[No Starch Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-59327-178-7}}</ref> including:

* Remote Windows, Linux, and Mac applications (provided by Hex-Rays) allow running an executable in its native environment (presumably using a virtual machine for malware)
* [[GNU Debugger]] (gdb) is supported on Linux and OS X, as well as the native Windows debugger
* A [[Bochs]] plugin is provided for debugging simple applications (i.e., damaged [[UPX]] or mpress compacted executables)
* An [[Pin (computer program)|Intel PIN]]-based debugger
* A trace replayer

== Versions ==
The latest full version of IDA Pro is available via paid annual subscription (version 9.0sp1 as of December 2024), while a less capable version (limited to x86), named IDA Free, is available for download free of cost.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hex-rays.com/idapro/idadownfreeware.htm |title=IDA Pro Freeware version download |access-date=2008-03-31 |archive-date=2008-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808195925/http://www.hex-rays.com/idapro/idadownfreeware.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Supported systems/processors/compilers==
* System hosts
** [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] x86 and ARM
** Linux x86
** {{nowrap|Mac OS X}} x86
* Recognized executable file formats
** [[COFF]] and derivatives, including Win32/64/generic [[Portable Executable|PE]]
** [[Executable and Linkable Format|ELF]] and derivatives (generic)
** [[Mach-O]] ([[Mach (kernel)|Mach]])
** [[NetWare Loadable Module|NLM]] ([[NetWare]])
** [[Linear Executable#OS/2|LC/LE/LX]] (OS/2 2.x+ and various DOS extenders)
** [[New Executable|NE]] (OS/2 1.x, Win16, and various DOS extenders)
** [[DOS MZ executable|MZ]] ([[MS-DOS]])
** [[Relocatable Object Module Format|OMF]] and derivatives (generic)
** [[Arm Image Format|AIM]] (generic)
** raw binary, such as a ROM image or a [[COM file]]
* Instruction sets
** [[Intel]] 80x86 family
** [[ARM architecture]]
** [[Motorola 68000 family|Motorola 68k]] and H8
** [[Zilog Z80]]
** [[MOS Technology 6502|MOS 6502]]
** [[Intel i860]]
** [[DEC Alpha]]
** [[Analog Devices]] ADSP218x
** [[Angstrem (company)|Angstrem]] KR1878
** [[Atmel AVR]] series
** DEC series [[PDP-11|PDP11]]
** Fujitsu F2MC16L/F2MC16LX
** Fujitsu FR 32-bit Family
** Hitachi [[Hitachi SH-3|SH3]]/SH3B/[[Hitachi SH4|SH4]]/SH4B
** [[Hitachi H8]]: h8300/h8300a/h8s300/h8500
** Intel 196 series: 80196/80196NP
** Intel 51 series: 8051/80251b/80251s/80930b/80930s
** [[Intel i960]] series
** [[Intel Itanium]] (ia64) series
** [[Java virtual machine]]
** [[MIPS architecture processors|MIPS]]: mipsb/mipsl/mipsr/mipsrl/r5900b/r5900l
** Microchip PIC: PIC12Cxx/PIC16Cxx/PIC18Cxx
** [[Microsoft Intermediate Language|MSIL]]
** Mitsubishi 7700 Family: m7700/m7750
** Mitsubishi m32/m32rx
** Mitsubishi m740
** Mitsubishi m7900
** Motorola DSP 5600x Family: dsp561xx/dsp5663xx/dsp566xx/dsp56k
** [[Motorola ColdFire]]
** Motorola HCS12
** NEC 78K0/78K0S
** [[PA-RISC]]
** [[PowerPC]]
** Xenon PowerPC Family
** SGS-Thomson ST20/ST20c4/ST7
** [[SPARC]] Family
** [[Samsung]] SAM8
** [[Siemens C166]]
** [[Texas Instruments TMS320|TMS320Cxxx]] series
* Compiler/libraries (for automatic library function recognition)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hex-rays.com/idapro/idaflirtcomp.htm | title=FLIRT Compiler Support | publisher=[[Hex-Rays]] | access-date=2010-04-13 | archive-date=2011-10-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003155049/http://www.hex-rays.com/idapro/idaflirtcomp.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Borland]] C++ 5.x for DOS/Windows
** Borland C++ 3.1
** Borland C Builder v4 for DOS/Windows
** GNU C++ for [[Cygwin]]
** [[Microsoft C]]
** Microsoft [[QuickC]]
** Microsoft [[Visual C++]]
** [[Watcom C/C++]] (16/32 bit) for [[DOS]]/[[OS/2|OS2]]
** ARM C v1.2
** GNU C++ for Unix/common

== Logo ==
IDA Pro's logo is a cropped image of [[Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon]]. The logo image is similar to a   miniature painting of Françoise d'Aubigné attested to a painter in the circle of [[Pierre Mignard]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Französische Schule, Nachfolge Pierre Mignard - Osterauktion 17.04.2019 - Schätzwert: EUR 1.500 bis EUR 2.600 - Dorotheum |url=https://www.dorotheum.com/de/l/6130641/,%20https://www.dorotheum.com/de/l/6130641/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814052857/https://www.dorotheum.com/de/l/6130641/,%20https://www.dorotheum.com/de/l/6130641/ |archive-date=2023-08-14 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=www.dorotheum.com |language=de-AT}}</ref>

The original greyscale version of the logo was introduced in September 1999, with the release of IDA 4.0.<ref name=":0" /> Ilfak Guilfanov has stated that the logo is not a depiction of [[Saint Ida of Louvain]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guilfanov |first=Ilfak |date=2006-04-13 |title=Sainte Ida {{!}} Hex Blog |url=http://www.hexblog.com/?p=38 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617113702/http://www.hexblog.com/?p=38 |archive-date=2011-06-17 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=Hex Blog}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Binary Ninja]]
* [[Cheat Engine]]
* [[Ghidra]]
* [[JEB decompiler|JEB]]
* [[Radare2]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=[[Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering]] |last=Eilam |first=Eldad |year=2005 |publisher=[[Wiley Publishing]] |isbn=0-7645-7481-7 |pages=595}}

==External links==
* {{official website|https://www.hex-rays.com/products/ida/index.shtml}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.idapro.ru/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116040613/http://www.idapro.ru/ |archive-date=2015-01-16 |language=ru |title=IDA Pro on Internet Archive}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.openrce.org |website=Open Reverse Code Engineering (OpenRCE) |title=IDA plug-ins and scripts}}

[[Category:Disassemblers]]
[[Category:Debuggers]]
[[Category:Software for modeling software]]
[[Category:1991 software]]