Editing International Formula 3000

{{Short description|Former Single-Seater Racing Championship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox motorsport championship
| logo            = International Formula 3000 logo.svg
| category        = [[Open-wheel car|Single-seaters]]
| country/region  = International
| inaugural       = [[1985 European Formula 3000 Championship|1985]]
| folded          = [[2004 International Formula 3000 Championship|2004]]
| drivers         =
| teams           =
| constructors    = [[Lola Cars|Lola]], [[March Engineering|March]], [[Ralt]], [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]], [[Dallara]]
| engines         = [[Judd (engine)|Judd]] (badged as [[Zytek]])
| tyres           = [[Cooper Tire & Rubber Company#Avon Rubber PLC|Avon]]
| champion driver = {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vitantonio Liuzzi]]
| champion team   = {{flagicon|UK}} [[Arden International]]
}}
The '''Formula 3000 International Championship''' was a motor racing series created by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA) in 1985 to become the final preparatory step for drivers hoping to enter [[Formula One]]. [[Formula Two]] had become too expensive, and was dominated by works-run cars with factory engines; the hope was that Formula 3000 would offer quicker, cheaper, more open racing. The series began as an open specification, then tyres were standardized from 1986 onwards, followed by engines and chassis in 1996. The series ran annually until 2004, and was replaced in 2005 by the [[GP2 Series]].

The series was staged as the Formula 3000 European Championship in 1985,<ref>1986 FIA Yearbook, Red section, page 82</ref> as the Formula 3000 Intercontinental Championship in 1986<ref>1987 FIA Yearbook, Red section, page 98</ref> and 1987<ref>1988 FIA Yearbook, Red section, page 97</ref> and then as the Formula 3000 International Championship from 1988<ref>Automobile Year 1988/89, pages 236-242</ref> to 2004.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041216021312/http://www.fia.com/sport/Championships/F3000/Classifications/2004.html 2004 FIA Formula 3000 International Championship Classifications] Retrieved from web.archive.org on 25 April 2010</ref>

==Engines==
Formula 3000 replaced Formula Two, and was so named because the engines used were limited to 3000cc maximum [[Engine displacement|capacity]]. Initially, the [[Cosworth DFV]] was a popular choice, having been made obsolete in Formula One by the adoption of 1.5 litre turbocharged engines. The rules permitted any 90-degree V8 engine, fitted with a rev-limiter to keep power output under control. As well as the Cosworth, a Honda engine based on an Indy V8 by [[Judd (engine)|John Judd]] also appeared; a rumoured [[Lamborghini]] V8 never raced. In later years, a [[Mugen-Honda]] V8 became the unit of choice, eclipsing the DFV; Cosworth responded with the brand new AC engine. Costs began to increase significantly.

==Chassis==
[[File:Fórmula 3000 (Fernado Alonso)01.jpg|thumb|200px| [[Fernando Alonso|Fernando Alonso's]] [[Lola Cars|Lola B99/50]] chassis in the [[2000 International Formula 3000 Championship|2000 season]].]]
The first chassis from [[March Engineering|March]], [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives]] (AGS) and [[Ralt]] were developments of their existing 1984 [[Formula Two]] designs, although [[Lola Cars|Lola]]'s entry was based on and looked very much like an [[Indy car]]. A few smaller teams tried obsolete three-litre [[Formula One]] cars (from [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]], [[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]], [[Minardi]], [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] and RAM), with little success—the Grand Prix and Indycar-derived entries were too unwieldy as their fuel tanks were about twice the size of those needed for F3000 races, and the weight distribution was not ideal. The first few years of the championship saw March establishing a superiority over Ralt and Lola—there was little to choose between the chassis, but more Marches were sold and ended up in better hands. In 1988, the ambitious [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] marque entered with a brand new chassis; Reynard had won their first race in every formula they had previously entered, and did so again in F3000. The next couple of years saw Lola improve slightly—their car was competitive with the Reynard in 1990—and March slip, but both were crushed by the Reynard teams, and by the mid-90s, F3000 was a virtual Reynard monopoly, although [[Lola Cars|Lola]] did eventually return with a promising car and the Japanese [[Footwork (racing team)|Footwork]] and [[Dome (constructor)|Dome]] chassis were seen in Europe. [[Dallara]] briefly tried the series before moving up to [[Formula One]], and AGS moved up from Formula Two but never recaptured their occasional success. At least one unraced F3000 chassis existed—the Wagner fitted with a straight-six short-stroke BMW. This was converted into a sports car, however.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

==Politics==
The series saw occasional controversy. Definitive rules for the 1985 season did not appear until the championship was well under way. In 1987 questions were asked about the ability of some of the drivers, given the high number of accidents in the formula. In 1989 the eligibility of the new [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] chassis was challenged, as it was raced with a different nose to the one that had been crash tested.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}} This season also saw problems with driver changes - the cost of F3000 was escalating to the point that teams were finding it difficult to run drivers for a whole season. A rule limiting driver changes to two per car per season meant that some cars had to sit idle while drivers with budgets could not race them. In 1991, some Italian teams started using [[Agip]]'s so-called "jungle juice" [[Formula One]] fuel, worth an estimated 15&nbsp;bhp, giving their drivers a significant advantage. In the early years of the formula there was much concern about safety, with a high number of accidents resulting in injuries to drivers. There was one fatality in the International Championship - [[Marco Campos]] in the final round of the 1995 series.

==Races==
Formula 3000 races during the "open chassis" era tended to be of about 100–120 miles in distance, held at major circuits, either headlining meetings or paired with other international events. The "jewel in the crown" of the F3000 season was traditionally the [[Pau Grand Prix]] street race, rivalled for a few years by the [[Birmingham Superprix|Birmingham]] round. Most major circuits in France, Italy, Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom saw the series visit at least once.

==The spec-chassis years==
In 1996, new rules introduced a single engine (a detuned [[Judd (engine)|Judd]] V8 engine, re-engineered by and badged as a [[Zytek]]) and chassis ([[Lola Cars|Lola]]), to go along with tyre standardization ([[Avon Tyres|Avon]]) introduced in 1986. The following year the calendar was combined with that of Formula One, so the series became support races for the Grand Prix. Several Grand Prix teams established formal links with F3000 teams to develop young drivers (and engineering talent); these relationships varied from formal "junior teams" (such as the one [[McLaren]] set up for [[Nick Heidfeld]]) to fairly distant relationships based mostly upon shared sponsors and the use of the 'parent' team's name. The series grew dramatically through the late nineties, reaching an entry of nearly 40 cars - although this in itself was problematic as it meant many drivers failed to qualify. In 2000, the series was restricted to 15 teams of two cars each.

However, by 2002 expenses were once more very high and the number of entries, and sponsors, rapidly dwindled. International Formula 3000 was experiencing tough competition with cheaper formulae, such as [[Auto GP|European F3000]] (using ex-FIA 1999 and 2002 Lola chassis), [[World Series by Nissan]] (also known as Formula Nissan) and [[Formula Renault V6 Eurocup]]. By the end of 2003, car counts had fallen to new lows.

The [[2004 International Formula 3000 Championship|2004 season]] was the last F3000 campaign, due in part to dwindling field sizes. In 2005 it was replaced with a new series known as [[GP2 Series|GP2]], with [[Renault]] backing.

===Final year specifications===
*'''Engine displacement''': [[Zytek]]-[[Judd (engine)|Judd]] ''KV'' F3000 {{convert|3.0|L|cuin|0|abbr=on}} [[Overhead camshaft|DOHC]] [[V8 engine|V8]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://juddpower.com/our-engines/judd-kv-zytek-v8-f3000/| title = JUDD KV V8 F3000 Zytek Racing Engine {{!}} Judd Power| date = 10 November 2016}}</ref>
*'''Power output''': {{convert|450-520|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} @ 8,750-10,500 rpm (11,000 rpm [[redline]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thevaultms.com/inventory/2003-lola-f3000-race-car/|title=2003 Lola B02/00 Two-Seater|access-date=3 March 2022|archive-date=8 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908201002/https://thevaultms.com/inventory/2003-lola-f3000-race-car/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''Torque output''': {{convert|300|lb.ft|N.m|0|abbr=on}}
*'''Gearbox''': 6-speed [[Semi-automatic transmission|paddle-shift]] [[sequential gearbox]] (must have reverse)
*'''Weight''': {{convert|545|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} (including driver)
*'''Fuel''': 102 RON unleaded
*'''Fuel delivery''': Electronic-indirect [[fuel injection]]
*'''Aspiration''': [[Naturally-aspirated engine|Naturally-aspirated]]
*'''Width''': {{convert|1476|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
*'''Wheelbase''': {{convert|3000|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
*'''Steering''': Non-assisted [[rack and pinion]]

==Champions==
{{further|List of International Formula 3000 drivers}}
[[File:Bjorn Wirdheim 2003 F3000 Hungary.jpg|thumb|right|Sweden's [[Björn Wirdheim]] won the 2003 FIA Formula 3000 International Championship for Drivers]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Season
!Champion Driver
!Team
!Car
!Champion Team
!Car
!Ref(s)
|-
! [[1985 European Formula 3000 Championship|1985]]
| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[BS Automotive]]
| [[March Engineering|March]] 85B-[[Cosworth]]
| rowspan=15 colspan=2 align="center" | Not Awarded
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1985: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1985-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1986 International Formula 3000 Championship|1986]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ivan Capelli]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Genoa Racing (Formula 3000)|Genoa Racing]]
| [[March Engineering|March]] 86B-[[Cosworth]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1986: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1986-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1987 International Formula 3000 Championship|1987]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Modena]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Onyx (racing team)|Onyx]]
| [[March Engineering|March]] 87B-[[Cosworth]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1987: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1987-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1988 International Formula 3000 Championship|1988]]
| {{flagicon|BRA|1968}} [[Roberto Moreno]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bromley Motorsport]]
| [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] 88D-[[Cosworth]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1988: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1988-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1989 International Formula 3000 Championship|1989]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[Jean Alesi]]
| {{flagicon|Republic of Ireland}} [[Eddie Jordan Racing]]
| [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] 89D-[[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1989: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1989-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1990 International Formula 3000 Championship|1990]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[Érik Comas]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[DAMS]]
| [[Lola Cars|Lola]] T90/50-[[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1990: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1990-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1991 International Formula 3000 Championship|1991]]
| {{flagicon|BRA|1968}} [[Christian Fittipaldi]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Pacific Racing]]
| [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] 91D-[[Mugen Motorsports|Mugen]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1991: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1991-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1992 International Formula 3000 Championship|1992]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Luca Badoer]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Crypton Engineering]]
| [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] 92D-[[Cosworth]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1992: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1992-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1993 International Formula 3000 Championship|1993]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[Olivier Panis]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[DAMS]]
| [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] 93D-[[Cosworth]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1993: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1993-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1994 International Formula 3000 Championship|1994]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[Jean-Christophe Boullion]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[DAMS]]
| [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] 94D-[[Cosworth]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1994: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1994-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1995 International Formula 3000 Championship|1995]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vincenzo Sospiri]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Super Nova Racing]]
| [[Reynard Motorsport|Reynard]] 95D-[[Cosworth]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1995: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1995-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1996 International Formula 3000 Championship|1996]]
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Jörg Müller]]
| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[RSM Marko]]
| [[Lola T96/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1996: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1996-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1997 International Formula 3000 Championship|1997]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ricardo Zonta]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Super Nova Racing]]
| [[Lola T96/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1997: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1997-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1998 International Formula 3000 Championship|1998]]
| {{flagicon|COL}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Super Nova Racing]]
| [[Lola T96/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1998: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1998-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[1999 International Formula 3000 Championship|1999]]
| {{flagicon|GER}} [[Nick Heidfeld]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[West Competition]]
| [[Lola B99/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 1999: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/1999-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[2000 International Formula 3000 Championship|2000]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Bruno Junqueira]]
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Petrobras Junior Team]]
| [[Lola B99/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Super Nova Racing|D2 Playlife Super Nova]]
| [[Lola B99/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 2000: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/2000-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=F3000 International Championship Standings 2000|url=https://motorsportstats.com/series/f3000-international-championship/standings/2000|publisher=Motorsport Stats|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[2001 International Formula 3000 Championship|2001]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Justin Wilson (racing driver)|Justin Wilson]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nordic Racing|Coca-Cola Nordic Racing]]
| [[Lola B99/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nordic Racing|Coca-Cola Nordic Racing]]
| [[Lola B99/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 2001: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/2001-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=F3000 International Championship Standings 2001|url=https://motorsportstats.com/series/f3000-international-championship/standings/2001|publisher=Motorsport Stats|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[2002 International Formula 3000 Championship|2002]]
| {{flagicon|FRA|variant=1974}} [[Sébastien Bourdais]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Super Nova Racing]]
| [[Lola B02/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arden International]]
| [[Lola B02/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 2002: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/2002-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=F3000 International Championship Standings 2002|url=https://motorsportstats.com/series/f3000-international-championship/standings/2002|publisher=Motorsport Stats|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[2003 International Formula 3000 Championship|2003]]
| {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Björn Wirdheim]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arden International]]
| [[Lola B02/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arden International]]
| [[Lola B02/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 2003: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/2003-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=F3000 International Championship Standings 2003|url=https://motorsportstats.com/series/f3000-international-championship/standings/2003|publisher=Motorsport Stats|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|-
! [[2004 International Formula 3000 Championship|2004]]
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vitantonio Liuzzi]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arden International]]
| [[Lola B02/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arden International]]
| [[Lola B02/50]]-[[Zytek]]
| align="center" | <ref>{{cite web|title=FIA Formula 3000 Int. Championship - Season 2004: Results|url=https://www.speedsport-magazine.com/motorsport/formula-level2/gp2-series-formula-3000/2004-results.html|work=Speedsport Magazine|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=F3000 International Championship Standings 2004|url=https://motorsportstats.com/series/f3000-international-championship/standings/2004|publisher=Motorsport Stats|access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
|}

Three past F3000 champions (Müller, Junqueira and Wirdheim) have never been entered in an F1 race.<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.autosport.com/formula2/news/formula-3000-in-defence-of-f1s-unloved-feeder-series/6116717/ |title= Formula 3000: In defence of F1's unloved feeder series |last= Newbold |first= James |work= [[Autosport]] |date= 11 April 2021 |access-date= 11 April 2021}}</ref> Montoya and Bourdais became Champions in North American open-wheel ([[Championship Auto Racing Teams|CART]] and [[Champ Car]]) respectively, with Fittipaldi, Moreno, Junqueira and Wilson also becoming race winners, and Danner and Wirdheim making the ranks. Müller became a BMW driver in [[World Touring Car Championship|WTCC]] [[touring car racing]] after having been a test driver for the BMW-[[WilliamsF1|Williams]] F1 project in 1999 as well as a racer of the [[BMW V12 LMR]] Le Mans winner.  Sospiri attempted to qualify for one Formula One race but failed to make it, as part of the disastrous [[MasterCard Lola]] team. He later had a successful career in sportscars. Wirdheim was third driver in practice sessions for [[Jaguar Racing]], but never participated in a race.

Three past F3000 champions have won an F1 Grand Prix:  Alesi, Panis and Montoya (who also won the [[Indianapolis 500|Indy 500]]).

==Related series==
{{main|Formula 3000}}
*[[Auto GP]] (formerly Italian Formula 3000, Superfund Euro Formula 3000 and Euro Formula 3000, Euroseries 3000), active 1999&ndash;2016.
*[[Super Formula]] (Japanese Formula 3000, Formula Nippon, active 1973 onwards (1987&ndash;1995 as Japanese F3000).
*[[British Formula 3000]] (also known as [[British Formula Two]]), active 1989&ndash;1994 (1989&ndash;1992 as British F3000).
*[[Formula Holden|OzBoss]] (formerly known as Australian Formula 4000, Formula 4000, Formula Holden and Formula Brabham), active 1989 onwards (used mostly F3000 chassis 1989&ndash;2006).
*[[Firestone Indy Lights|American Racing Series/Indy Lights]], active 1986 onwards (used F3000 chassis 1986&ndash;1992).
*Some F3000 cars raced in hillclimbs races in various countries of Europe (UK, France, etc.).

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|International Formula 3000}}

{{Formula 3000 years}}

[[Category:International Formula 3000| ]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1985]]
[[Category:Organizations disestablished in 2004]]
[[Category:Defunct auto racing series]]